Showing papers by "University of Texas at Arlington published in 2004"
TL;DR: A draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes.
Abstract: We present here a draft genome sequence of the red jungle fowl, Gallus gallus. Because the chicken is a modern descendant of the dinosaurs and the first non-mammalian amniote to have its genome sequenced, the draft sequence of its genome--composed of approximately one billion base pairs of sequence and an estimated 20,000-23,000 genes--provides a new perspective on vertebrate genome evolution, while also improving the annotation of mammalian genomes. For example, the evolutionary distance between chicken and human provides high specificity in detecting functional elements, both non-coding and coding. Notably, many conserved non-coding sequences are far from genes and cannot be assigned to defined functional classes. In coding regions the evolutionary dynamics of protein domains and orthologous groups illustrate processes that distinguish the lineages leading to birds and mammals. The distinctive properties of avian microchromosomes, together with the inferred patterns of conserved synteny, provide additional insights into vertebrate chromosome architecture.
2,579 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis was conducted and findings suggest that the relationship between market orientation and business performance is positive and consistent worldwide and that market orientation has emerged as a significant antecedent of performance and is presumed to contribute to long-term success.
696 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2004TL;DR: This book discusses smart environment technologies, applications, and how to design for the Human Experience in Smart Environments and address privacy, security, and Trust issues in smart environments.
Abstract: ContributorsForeword by (Howard E Shrobe)AcknowledgementsPART 1: INTRODUCTION1 Overview (D Cook & S Das)PART 2: TECHNOLOGIES FOR SMART ENVIRONMENTS2 Wireless Sensor Networks (F Lewis)3 Power Line Communication Technologies (H Latchman & A Mundi)4 Wireless Communications and Pervasive Technology (M Conti)5 Middleware (G Youngblood)6 Home Networking and Appliances (D Marples & S Moyer)PART 3: ALGORITHMS AND PROTOCOLS FOR SMART ENVIRONMENTS7 Designing for the Human Experience in Smart Environments (G Abowd & E Mynatt)8 Prediction Algorithms foor Smart Environments (D Cook)9 Location Estimation (Determination and Prediction) Techniques in Smart Environments (A Misra & S Das)10 Automated Decision Making (M Huber)11 Privacy, Security, and Trust Issues in Smart Environments (P Nixon, et al)PART 4: APPLICATIONS12 Lessons from an Adaptive Home (M Mozer)13 Smart Rooms (A Chen, et al)14 Smart Offices (C Gal)15 Perceptual Environments (A Pentland)16 Assistive Environments for Individuals with Special Needs (A Helal, et al)PART 5: CONCLUSIONS17 Ongoing Challenges and Future Directions (S Das & D Cook)Index
546 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a bimagnetic core/shell Fe58Pt42/Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized from high-temperature solution phase coating of 4 nm Fe 58Pt 42 core with Fe 3O4 shell and the shell is tunable from 0.5 to 3 nm.
Abstract: Bimagnetic core/shell Fe58Pt42/Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized from high-temperature solution phase coating of 4 nm Fe58Pt42 core with Fe3O4 shell. The shell is tunable from 0.5 to 3 nm. Magnetic properties of the as-synthesized core/shell particles are dependent on shell thickness due to the exchange coupling between core and shell. Upon reductive annealing, an assembly of the core/shell nanoparticles is transformed into a hard magnetic nanocomposite with enhanced energy product.
499 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the observation of the X(3872) in the J/psipi(+)pi(-) channel with decaying to mu(+)mu(-), in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.96 TeV.
Abstract: We report the observation of the X(3872) in the J/psipi(+)pi(-) channel, with J/psi decaying to mu(+)mu(-), in p (p) over bar collisions at roots=1.96 TeV. Using approximately 230 pb(-1) of data collected with the Run II D0 detector, we observe 522+/-100 X(3872) candidates. The mass difference between the X(3872) state and the J/psi is measured to be 774.9+/-3.1(stat)+/-3.0(syst) MeV/c(2). We have investigated the production and decay characteristics of the X(3872) and find them to be similar to those of the psi(2S) state.
418 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover.
Abstract: Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.
382 citations
TL;DR: A one-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles is reported that can sustain higher temperature (up to 650 degrees C) annealing without noticeable particle sintering and room temperature coercivity can reach as high as 1.3 T, a value that is suitable for hard magnetic applications.
Abstract: A one-step synthesis of FePt nanoparticles is reported. The size, composition, and shape of the particles are controlled by varying the synthetic parameters such as molar ratio of stabilizers to metal precursor, addition sequence of the stabilizers and metal precursors, heating rate, heating temperature, and heating duration. An assembly of large (6 nm or greater) FePt nanoparticles, especially oxide-coated FePt nanoparticles, can sustain higher temperature (up to 650 °C) annealing without noticeable particle sintering. Room temperature coercivity of an assembly containing discrete FePt dots can reach as high as 1.3 T, a value that is suitable for hard magnetic applications.
353 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis performed on the results of long-term ecosystem-level experiments near Toolik Lake, Alaska, and Abisko, Sweden was performed to quantified aboveground biomass responses of different arctic and subarctic ecosystems to experimental fertilization, warming and shading.
Abstract: Long-term ecosystem-level experiments, in which the environment is manipulated in a controlled manner, are important tools to predict the responses of ecosystem functioning and composition to future global change. We present the results of a meta-analysis performed on the results of long-term ecosystem-level experiments near Toolik Lake, Alaska, and Abisko, Sweden. We quantified aboveground biomass responses of different arctic and subarctic ecosystems to experimental fertilization, warming and shading. We not only analysed the general patterns but also the differences in responsiveness between sites and regions. Aboveground plant biomass showed a broad similarity of responses in both locations, and also showed some important differences. In both locations, aboveground plant biomass, particularly the biomass of deciduous and graminoid plants, responded most strongly to nutrient addition. The biomass of mosses and lichens decreased in both locations as the biomass of vascular plants increased. An important difference between the two regions was the smaller positive aboveground biomass response of deciduous shrubs in Abisko as compared with Toolik Lake. Whereas in Toolik Lake Betula nana increased its dominance and replaced many of the other plant types, in Abisko all vascular plant types increased in abundance without major shifts in relative abundance. The differences between the responses of the dominant vegetation types of the Toolik Lake region, i.e. tussock tundra systems, and that of the Abisko region, i.e. heath systems, may have important implications for ecosystem development under expected patterns of global change. However, there were also large site-specific differences within each region. Several potential mechanistic explanations for the differences between sites and regions are discussed. The response patterns show the need for analyses of joint data sets from many regions and sites, in order to uncover common responses to changes in climate across large arctic regions from regional or local responses.
342 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between a company's emphasis on discretionary social responsibility, environment, and firm performance and found a significant moderating effect of environment on the social responsibility-firm performance relationship.
Abstract: This study examines the relationships between a company's emphasis on discretionary social responsibility, environment, and firm performance. It tests the proposition that environmental munificence and dynamism moderate the relationship between discretionary social responsibility and financial performance. Social responsibility was measured with a three-item scale in a sample of 62 firms using a questionnaire. Environmental munificence and dynamism were measured using archival sources as was financial performance (return on assets and return on sales). The results of moderated regression analyses and subgroup analyses found a significant moderating effect of environment on the social responsibility-firm performance relationship. Discretionary social responsibility contributes to firm performance in environments that are dynamic and munificent.
329 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of the multiple dimensions of intangibility on the various types of risk and found that, of the three dimensions, physical Intangibility was the least correlated to the consumers' perception of risk in most situations, whereas mentalIntangibility and generality had a great impact on most dimensions of perceived risk.
Abstract: Studies have found that product intangibility increases consumers’ perception of risk. However, most of these studies measured the intangibility and perceived risk constructs unidimensionally. The primary objective of this article is to examine the effects of the multiple dimensions of intangibility on the various types of risk. An empirical investigation revealed that, of the three intangibility dimensions, physical intangibility was the least correlated to the consumers’ perception of risk in most situations, whereas mental intangibility and generality had a great impact on most dimensions of perceived risk. However, there were variations in the strength of the relationships between the intangibility dimensions and the risk dimensions when contrasting goods and services, generic products and brands, and online and offline purchase contexts. Theoretical and practical contributions to the service marketing literature are discussed.
315 citations
TL;DR: Evidence strongly suggests that lipid peroxidation products, particularly hydroperoxides and 4-HNE, are involved in the mechanisms of stress-mediated signaling and that it can be modulated by the Alpha class GSTs through the regulation of the intracellular concentrations of 4- HNE.
Abstract: It has been known that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can reduce lipid hydroperoxides through their Se-independent glutathione peroxidase activity and that these enzymes can also detoxify lipid peroxidation end products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In this article, recent studies suggesting that the Alpha class GSTs provide a formidable defense against oxidative stress are critically evaluated and the role of these enzymes in the regulation of oxidative stress-mediated signaling is reviewed. Available evidence from earlier studies together with results of recent studies in our laboratories strongly suggests that lipid peroxidation products, particularly hydroperoxides and 4-HNE, are involved in the mechanisms of stress-mediated signaling and that it can be modulated by the Alpha class GSTs through the regulation of the intracellular concentrations of 4-HNE.
TL;DR: Recent studies from the laboratories strongly suggest that HNE is a key signaling molecule and that GSTs, being determinants of its intracellular concentrations, can regulate stress-mediated signaling.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used insights from human capital theory to explain how general skill development and promotion relate to voluntary turnover, and found that participation in tuition reimbursement reduces turnover while employees are in school.
Abstract: Does investing in employees' marketable skills reduce turnover? This study uses insights from human capital theory to explain how general skill development and promotion relate to voluntary turnover. Data from 9,439 salaried employees of a large manufacturer show that participation in tuition reimbursement reduces turnover while employees are in school. Voluntary turnover increases when individuals earn graduate degrees but is significantly reduced if they are subsequently promoted.
TL;DR: In this article, a model that relates pedogenic production of hematite and magnetite to precipitation on the Loess Plateau during the last ∼2.6 Ma was proposed.
TL;DR: A tool for estimating basic reproductive number for the SARS outbreak suggests need for multiple methods of control.
Abstract: Control of the 2002–2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak was based on rapid diagnosis coupled with effective patient isolation. We used uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the basic reproductive number R0 to assess the role that model parameters play in outbreak control. The transmission rate and isolation effectiveness have the largest fractional effect on R0. We estimated the distribution of the reproductive number R0 under perfect isolation conditions. The distribution lies in the interquartile range 0.19–1.08, with a median of 0.49. Even though the median of R0 is 1, even with perfect isolation. This implies the need to simultaneously apply more than one method of control.
TL;DR: The impact study of connecting a 120-MW wind farm into the transmission system of a utility company within the southwest power pool discusses the impacts of a large-scale wind generation on the system operation, voltage profile, and system security.
Abstract: Following in the steps of the gas industry, the traditional paradigm of the vertically integrated electric utility structure has begun to change. In the United States, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has issued several rules and Notices of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) to set the road map for the deregulated utility industry. The crisis in California has drawn great attention and sparked intense discussion within the utility industry. One general conclusion is to rejuvenate the idea of integrated resource planning and promote the distributed generation via traditional or renewable generation facilities for the deregulated utility systems. Wind generation is the most mature and cost effective resource among different renewable energy technologies. Recently, several large-scale wind generation projects have been implemented in the US and other parts of the world. Similar to other new generation facilities, the impacts of a large scale wind generation on the system operation, voltage profile, and system security have to be investigated and studied. Remedies for possible operation issues have to be evaluated and implemented. This paper discusses the impact study of connecting a 120 MW wind farm into the transmission system of a utility company within the Southwest Power Pool (SPP).
TL;DR: This article analyzed the relationship between the outsourcing of human resource (HR) activities, namely training and payroll, and firm performance, and found that both outsourcing and payroll outsourcing have implications for firm performance.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the appropriateness of service personnel dress on customer expectations of a firm's service quality and intent to purchase banking services were explored and moderating effects of involvement and customer gender on the aforementioned relationships were explored.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed how battering impacts the work and employability of women from various employment levels and backgrounds. And they found that women described instances in which battering had obstructed their ability to find work, maintain employment and use their wages to establish greater economic independence and safety.
Abstract: Research on the effects of battering on women’s lives has focused on poverty, homelessness, and welfare receipt, often centering on women who are uneducated or undereducated. The authors analyze how battering impacts the work and employability of women from various employment levels and backgrounds. Data were obtained through qualitative interviews with 19 residents of a domestic violence shelter, some of whom had obtained substantial education and built solid and lucrative careers prior to being abused. The women described instances in which battering had obstructed their ability to find work, maintain employment, and use their wages to establish greater economic independence and safety.
TL;DR: The results of the speciation modeling and the voltammetric titrations all point towards control of dissolved rare earth elements in Great Dismal Swamp waters by complexation of these heavy metals with natural organic matter.
01 Nov 2004
TL;DR: In this article, the stability of a buck converter feeding a downstream dc-dc converter is analyzed for a large-signal-averaged model of the converter, and the complete analysis is carried out considering a buck dc-DC converter operating with a constant power load (CPL).
Abstract: Power-electronics-based zonal direct current (dc) power distribution systems are being considered for sea and undersea vehicles. The stability of the dc power-electronics-based power distribution systems is a significant design consideration because of the potential for negative-impedance-induced instabilities. In this paper, the dynamic properties and control of a buck converter feeding a downstream dc-dc converter are studied. The controller in this system combines an instantaneous current feedback loop using hysteresis with a proportional-integral (PI) algorithm to regulate the output voltage of the converter. Based on a large-signal-averaged model of the converter, the stability-in-large around the operation point is presented. The complete analysis is carried out considering a buck dc-dc converter operating with a constant power load (CPL). Simulations and experimental results are provided to verify the analysis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that agreeableness was associated with both indirect and direct aggression in adolescents and that the link between aggression and adjustability was strongest for direct strategies.
Abstract: This multi-method research linked the Big Five personality dimensions to aggression in early adolescence. Agreeableness was the personality dimension of focus because this dimension is associated with motives to maintain positive interpersonal relations. In two studies, middle school children were assessed on the Big Five domains of personality. Study 1 showed that agreeableness was associated with both indirect and direct aggression. In addition, the link between agreeableness and aggression was strongest for direct strategies. Study 2 examined the hypotheses that agreeableness predicts social cognitions associated with aggression, peer reports of direct aggression, and teacher reports of adjustment. Agreeableness predicted peer reports of aggression and social cognitions associated with aggression. In addition, aggression mediated the link between agreeableness and adjustment. Results suggest that of the Big Five dimensions, Agreeableness is most closely associated with processes and outcomes related to aggression in adolescents.
TL;DR: Investigation of the roles of disability type, stigma, and employee characteristics in acceptance of a coworker with a disability concluded that perceived implications of the coworker’s disability for job performance are critical.
Abstract: Although persons with disabilities compose a growing portion of workers, when compared with other aspects of diversity (e.g., race/ethnicity or gender), disability has received relatively little re...
TL;DR: It is shown that the predominantly biphasic desmognathines, previously considered the sister group of other plethodontids, are nested inside a group of directdeveloping species (Plethodonini) and have re‐evolved the aquatic larval stage, the first conclusive evidence for evolutionary reversal of direct development in vertebrates.
Abstract: The transition from aquatic to terrestrial eggs is a key evolutionary change that has allowed vertebrates to successfully colonize and exploit the land. Although most amphibians retain the primitive biphasic life cycle (eggs deposited in water that hatch into free-living aquatic larvae), direct development of terrestrial eggs has evolved repeatedly and may have been critical to the evolutionary success of several amphibian groups. We provide the first conclusive evidence for evolutionary reversal of direct development in vertebrates. The family Plethodontidae (lungless salamanders) contains the majority of salamander species, including major radiations of direct developers. We reconstruct the higher level phylogenetic relationships of plethodontid salamanders using molecular and morphological data and use this phylogeny to examine the evolution of direct development. We show that the predominantly biphasic desmognathines, previously considered the sister group of other plethodontids, are nested inside a group of direct-developing species (Plethodontini) and have re-evolved the aquatic larval stage. Rather than being an evolutionary dead end, the reversal from direct developing to biphasic life history may have helped communities in eastern North America to achieve the highest local diversity of salamander species in the world.
TL;DR: This paper reviewed recent applications of fuzzy-trace theory to memory development, organizing the presentation around two themes: the theory's explanatory principles and experimental findings about memory development that follow as predictions from those principles.
TL;DR: Results highlight the utility of novel behavioral test paradigms and provide additional support for the role of the ACC in higher order processing of noxious information, suggesting that ACC lesions selectively decrease negative affect associated with neuropathy-induced hypersensitivity.
TL;DR: The null mice had a significantly lower survival time than wild-type controls when chronically treated with relatively low doses of paraquat, a finding consistent with a role of mGSTA4-4 in the defense against oxidative stress.
TL;DR: Large differences in plant species composition between moist acidic and non-acidic tundra are likely to not contribute to site differences in decomposition, and decomposition is much more rapid in moist acidic tundr.
Abstract: Plant species composition is a potentially important source of variation in soil processes, including decomposition rates. We compared litter decomposition in two common and compositionally distinct tundra vegeta- tion types in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska: moist acidic tundra (soil pH 3-4), which occurs primarily on older landscapes, and moist non-acidic tundra (soil pH 6-7), which occurs primarily on landscapes with a more recent history of glaciation and has higher graminoid and forb abundance and lower woody shrub abundance than acidic tundra. To separate the influence of plant community composition from that of the soil environment, we decomposed the same nine substrates at a moist acidic and a moist non-acidic site located less than 2 km apart. Substrates included leaf litter of the dominant species in each growth form (graminoid, deciduous shrub, evergreen shrub, forb, moss) as well as woody stems of the deciduous shrub Betula nana. Then, we estimated above- ground community-level decomposition by weighting the decay rate of each species in the community by its proportional contribution to overall above-ground net primary production (ANPP). In contrast to our expecta- tions, community-level decomposition rates estimated using the site-average decay rate for each substrate were similar between the two sites, likely because growth forms differed little in their leaf litter decay. By contrast, when site-specific decay rates were used to estimate community- level decomposition, it was nearly twice as fast at the older, moist acidic tundra site because most substrates decayed faster at that site, indicating a more favorable environment for decomposition in acidic tundra. Site differences in soil moisture and temperature could not explain site differences in decomposition. However, higher soil N availability at the moist acidic tundra may have contributed to faster decomposition since, in a separate experiment, fertilization with N stimulated decomposition of a common substrate at both sites. In addition, lower pH in acidic tundra may promote greater abundance of soil fungi, perhaps explaining faster decomposition rates at that site. In summary, the large differences in plant species composition between moist acidic and non-acidic tundra are likely to not contribute to site differences in decom- position. Nevertheless, decomposition is much more rapid in moist acidic tundra. Thus, landscape age and associated differences in soil pH and nutrient availability are important sources of variation in decomposition rate in upland Alaskan tundra.
TL;DR: Supramolecular chemistry helps to understand how gases interact with biological molecules and offers delicate insights into the mechanisms of their physiological activity, and is enabling us to learn how to transform gases into synthetically useful reagents.
Abstract: Molecular recognition of gases is an emerging area of chemistry. Supramolecular chemistry helps us to understand how gases interact with biological molecules and offers delicate insights into the mechanisms of their physiological activity. Principles of molecular recognition have been used for gas sensing, and have provided fundamental knowledge about the structure and dynamics of receptor-analyte complexes, and novel materials for gas sensing and storage have been developed. Supramolecular chemistry is also enabling us to learn how to transform gases into synthetically useful reagents. The rational design of novel catalysts for gas conversion and, more recently, encapsulation complexes with gases open novel directions in preparative synthetic chemistry.