Showing papers by "University of Texas at Austin published in 1993"
TL;DR: In this paper, the Gibbs sampler is used to indirectly sample from the multinomial posterior distribution on the set of possible subset choices to identify the promising subsets by their more frequent appearance in the Gibbs sample.
Abstract: A crucial problem in building a multiple regression model is the selection of predictors to include. The main thrust of this article is to propose and develop a procedure that uses probabilistic considerations for selecting promising subsets. This procedure entails embedding the regression setup in a hierarchical normal mixture model where latent variables are used to identify subset choices. In this framework the promising subsets of predictors can be identified as those with higher posterior probability. The computational burden is then alleviated by using the Gibbs sampler to indirectly sample from this multinomial posterior distribution on the set of possible subset choices. Those subsets with higher probability—the promising ones—can then be identified by their more frequent appearance in the Gibbs sample.
2,780 citations
Book•
01 Jul 1993TL;DR: Morrison as discussed by the authors argues that race has become a metaphor, a way of referring to forces, events, and forms of social decay, economic division, and human panic, and argues that individualism, masculinity, the insistence upon innocence coupled to an obsession with figurations of death and hell are responses to a dark and abiding Africanist presence.
Abstract: Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist Toni Morrison provides a personal inquiry into the significance of African-American literary imagination. Her goal, she states at the outset, is to "put forth an argument for extending the study of American literature". Author of "Beloved", "The Bluest Eye", "Song of Solomon", and other vivid portrayals of black American experience, Morrison ponders the effect that living in a historically racialized society has had on American writing in the 19th and 20th centuries. She argues that race has become a metaphor, a way of referring to forces, events, and forms of social decay, economic division, and human panic. Her argument is that the central characteristics of American literature - individualism, masculinity, the insistence upon innocence coupled to an obsession with figurations of death and hell - are responses to a dark and abiding Africanist presence.
2,660 citations
TL;DR: In recent years, academic and practitioner interest has focused on market orientation and factors that engender this orientation in organizations as mentioned in this paper, however, much less attention has been devoted to d...
Abstract: In recent years, academic and practitioner interest has focused on market orientation and factors that engender this orientation in organizations. However, much less attention has been devoted to d...
2,270 citations
TL;DR: Female subjects had significantly higher rates at all age levels for unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and adjustment disorders; male subjects had higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders.
Abstract: Data were collected on the point and lifetime prevalences, 1-year incidence, and comorbidity of depression with other disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [3rd ed., rev.]) in a randomly selected sample (n = 1,710) of high school students at point of entry and at 1-year follow-up (n = 1,508). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children was used to collect diagnostic information; 9.6% met criteria for a current disorder, more than 33% had experienced a disorder over their lifetimes, and 31.7% of the latter had experienced a second disorder. High relapse rates were found for all disorders, especially for unipolar depression (18.4%) and substance use (15.0%). Female subjects had significantly higher rates at all age levels for unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and adjustment disorders; male subjects had higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders.
1,746 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that, whereas carbohydrate availability is regulated directly in relation to exercise intensity, the regulation of lipid metabolism seems to be more complex.
Abstract: Stable isotope tracers and indirect calorimetry were used to evaluate the regulation of endogenous fat and glucose metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Five trained subjects were studied during exercise intensities of 25, 65, and 85% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Plasma glucose tissue uptake and muscle glycogen oxidation increased in relation to exercise intensity. In contrast, peripheral lipolysis was stimulated maximally at the lowest exercise intensity, and fatty acid release into plasma decreased with increasing exercise intensity. Muscle triglyceride lipolysis was stimulated only at higher intensities. During 2 h of exercise at 65% VO2max plasma-derived substrate oxidation progressively increased over time, whereas muscle glycogen and triglyceride oxidation decreased. In recovery from high-intensity exercise, although the rate of lipolysis immediately decreased, the rate of release of fatty acids into plasma increased, indicating release of fatty acids from previously hydrolyzed triglycerides. We conclude that, whereas carbohydrate availability is regulated directly in relation to exercise intensity, the regulation of lipid metabolism seems to be more complex.
1,700 citations
TL;DR: This review discusses cellular sources of various radical species and their reactions with vital cellular constituents to provide insights into the controversy over whether free radicals are important mediators of tissue injury.
Abstract: A radical is any molecule that contains one or more unpaired electrons. Radicals are normally generated in many metabolic pathways. Some of these radicals can exist in a free form and subsequently interact with various tissue components resulting in dysfunction. The potential role of oxygen- or xenobiotic-derived free radicals in the pathology of several human diseases has stimulated extensive research linking the toxicity of numerous xenobiotics and disease processes to a free radical mechanism. However, because free radical-mediated changes are pervasive and often poorly understood, the question of whether such species are a major cause of tissue injury and human disease remains equivocal. This review discusses cellular sources of various radical species and their reactions with vital cellular constituents. Examples of purported free radical-mediated disorders are discussed in detail to provide insights into the controversy over whether free radicals are important mediators of tissue injury.
1,429 citations
TL;DR: The amphiphilic nature of the macromers causes them to assume a micellar conformation, which enables them to undergo rapid photopolymerization, resulting in the formation of crosslinked gels.
Abstract: Macromers having a poly(ethylene glycol) central block, extended with oligomers of α-hydroxy acids such as oligo(dl-lactic acid) or oligo(glycolic acid) and terminated with acrylate groups, were synthesized and characterized with the goal of obtaining a bioerodible hydrogel that could be formed in direct contact with tissues or proteins by photopolymerization of aqueous solutions of the macromer. The amphiphilic nature of the macromers causes them to assume a micellar conformation, which enables them to undergo rapid photopolymerization, resulting in the formation of crosslinked gels
1,262 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is presented in support of conjectures that (1) the strong-field evolution in the p→p * limit is universal and generates structure on arbitrarily small spatiotemporal scales and (2) the masses of black holes which form satisfy a power law M BH ∞|p-p * | γ , where γ≃0.37 is a universal exponent.
Abstract: I summarize results from a numerical study of spherically symmetric collapse of a massless scalar field. I consider families of solutions, scrS[p], with the property that a critical parameter value, ${\mathit{p}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, separates solutions containing black holes from those which do not. I present evidence in support of conjectures that (1) the strong-field evolution in the p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{p}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ limit is universal and generates structure on arbitrarily small spatiotemporal scales and (2) the masses of black holes which form satisfy a power law ${\mathit{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\Vert}p-${\mathit{p}}^{\mathrm{*}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, where \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.37 is a universal exponent.
1,185 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that WHR represents an important bodily feature associated with physical attractiveness as well as with health and reproductive potential that influences female attractiveness and its role in mate selection.
Abstract: Evidence is presented showing that body fat distribution as measured by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is correlated with youthfulness, reproductive endocrinologic status, and long-term health risk in women. Three studies show that men judge women with low WHR as attractive. Study 1 documents that minor changes in WHRs of Miss America winners and Playboy playmates have occurred over the past 30-60 years. Study 2 shows that college-age men find female figures with low WHR more attractive, healthier, and of greater reproductive value than figures with a higher WHR. In Study 3, 25- to 85-year-old men were found to prefer female figures with lower WHR and assign them higher ratings of attractiveness and reproductive potential. It is suggested that WHR represents an important bodily feature associated with physical attractiveness as well as with health and reproductive potential. A hypothesis is proposed to explain how WHR influences female attractiveness and its role in mate selection. Evolutionary theories of human mate selection contend that both men and women select mating partners who enable them to enhance reproductive success. Differential reproductive conditions and physiological constraints in men and women, however, induce different gender-specific sexual and reproductive strategies. In general, a woman can increase her reproductive success by choosing a high-status man who controls resources and, hence, can provide material security to successfully raise
1,184 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-phase quantitative investigation of relationships involving salesperson job satisfaction was undertaken, and the strength, valence, and consistency of pairwise relationships were assessed.
Abstract: A three-phase quantitative investigation of relationships involving salesperson job satisfaction was undertaken. First, the strength, valence, and consistency of pairwise relationships were assesse...
1,183 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of configurational fit models that are congruent with alternative assumptions of equifinality were developed and tested empirically, and the results do not support Mintzberg's theory that organizations will be more effective to the extent that they resemble his five ideal types.
Abstract: Mintzberg's and Miles and Snow's configurational theories have both received widespread attention. Most researchers, however, have interpreted these theories in terms of categories of organizations rather than organizational configurations based on ideal types. We explicated the logical structure of configurational theories and developed a set of configurational fit models that are congruent with alternative assumptions of equifinality, which is the premise that multiple organizational forms are equally effective. Then the two theories were formalized with these models and tested empirically. Contrary to our expectations, the results do not support Mintzberg's theory that organizations will be more effective to the extent that they resemble his five ideal types. In contrast with these null results, configurational fit based on Miles and Snow's theory predicted 24 percent of the variance in overall organizational effectiveness.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the current scientific, technological and commercial boundaries of the field of membrane-based gas separation and project the position of these boundaries for the immediate future.
TL;DR: Results suggest that an executive's tenure in an industry is a pronounced determinant of CSQ, and has significantly more impact than organizational tenure, and the firm's current performance was found to be positively related to CSQ.
Abstract: Some top executives are more committed to the status quo—particularly to their organization's current strategy and leadership profile—than are others. Most empirical research on upper echelons treats psychological phenomena as a ‘black box’—the unobserved intervening mechanisms—that causes associations between more observable executive characteristics and organizational outcomes. In contrast, this paper attempts to directly examine the determinants of an important element of an executive's psychological orientation—commitment to the status quo (CSQ). We focus on a select set of variables which have been posited in prior research as determinants of executive CSQ, but which have not been directly tested for such a relationship. Based on a large-scale survey methodology, results suggest that an executive's tenure in an industry is a pronounced determinant of CSQ, and has significantly more impact than organizational tenure. As expected, the firm's current performance was found to be positively related to CSQ; this relationship was stronger in high-discretion than in low-discretion industries. Finally, the project reaffirms a well known human tendency: incumbent CEOs tend to believe that their eventual successors should be just like them.
TL;DR: The agenda-setting metaphor has a rich 25-year history since McCombs and Shaw's (1972) opening gambit during the 1968 presidential elect ion as mentioned in this paper, and the fruitfulness of the agenda setting metaphor is documented by three features: (a) the steady historical growth of its literature, (b> its ability to integrate a number of communication research subfields under a single theoretical um-
Abstract: Communication scholars frequently invoke the concept of a marketplace of ideas during discussions about speechmaking, the diversity of media content and voices, and related First Amendment issues. They invoke it less often during intramural discussions of how specific concepts and perspectives, or our research agendas as a whole, have evolved over the years. Yet communication research does operate in a marketplace of ideas that is the quintessential laissez-faire market. The role of our journals is to create a market for the ideas advanced by members of the field. Individual scholars pick and choose topics at will-idiosyncratically and whimsically, some critics say-and publish at irregular intervals. Research teams, to the extent that they exist in communication research, usually arise spontaneously and have short life spans. Institutionalized focused research programs are rare. The communication research marketplace is a volatile arena, a situation fostered by the rapidly changing nature of communication itself during the past 50 years. Under these circumstances the continuing and growing vitality of agenda-setting research is remarkable. As a theoretical perspective, it has had a rich 25-year history since McCombs and Shaw’s (1972) opening gambit during the 1968 presidential elect ion. Philosopher of science James Conant (1951) noted that the hallmark o f a successful theory is its fruitfulness in continually generating new questions and identifying new avenues of scholarly inquiry. The fruitfulness of the agenda-setting metaphor is documented by three features: (a) the steady historical growth of its literature, (b> its ability to integrate a number of communication research subfields under a single theoretical um-
TL;DR: The sizes of continental blocks, basaltic oceanic plateaus, and island arcs that would cause collisional orogenesis when they enter a subduction zone are calculated in an analysis based upon the assumption of local isostasy and the assumption that plate subduction is primarily driven by the negative buoyancy of the lithosphere.
Abstract: The sizes of continental blocks, basaltic oceanic plateaus, and island arcs that would cause collisional orogenesis when they enter a subduction zone are calculated in an analysis based upon the assumption of local isostasy and the assumption that plate subduction is primarily driven by the negative buoyancy of the lithosphere. Buoyancy analysis indicates that the bulk density contrast between 80-m.y.-old oceanic lithosphere capped by a 7-km-thick basaltic crust and the less dense underlying asthenosphere is on the order of 0.04 gm/cm 3 . Oceanic lithosphere that is ∼10 m.y. old is the youngest that is more dense than the asthenosphere and hence inherently susceptible to subduction. Subduction zone metamorphism causes the crustal layer of basalt/gabbro to transform into more dense amphibolite and eclogite. Where eclogite formation is extensive, the descending oceanic lithosphere increases in bulk density by as much as 0.04 gm/cm 3 . Lithosphere that is 100 km thick with a 30-km-thick granitic continental crust resists Subduction because it is ∼0.09 gm/cm 3 less dense than the asthenosphere. Contrasts in lithospheric bulk density (crust + mantle) of 3 are the difference between whether subduction is nearly inevitable (as for normal ocean crust) or greatly resisted (as for thick, ancient continents). Collisional orogenesis is defined as a plate interaction of the sort that causes a rearrangement of plate motions, generally with the initiation of a new subduction zone and the creation of mountains. Buoyancy analysis indicates that only bodies of continental and oceanic island are crust that are > ∼15 km thick make the lithosphere buoyant enough to jam a subduction zone. Oceanic island arc complexes built upon ocean crust typically must be active for more than ∼20 m.y. to attain crustal thicknesses so that their attempted subduction causes collisional orogenesis. Oceanic plateaus where basaltic crust as much as ∼17 km thick caps 100-km-thick lithosphere are inherenty subductable and actually less buoyant than normal oceanic lithosphere following subduction metamorphism. Basaltic plateaus must have crustal thicknesses >∼30 km to typically cause collisional orogenesis during subduction. Short subducting seamounts (
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center1, University of Minnesota2, Medical College of Wisconsin3, University of Utah4, University of Texas at Austin5, University of California, Los Angeles6, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center7, University of Kentucky8, Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center9, University of British Columbia10, Stanford University11
TL;DR: The National Marrow Donor Program has benefited a substantial number of patients in need of marrow transplants from closely HLA-matched unrelated donors and has facilitated the recruitment of unrelated donors into the donor pool and the access to suitable marrow.
Abstract: Background and Methods Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is curative in a substantial number of patients with hematologic cancers, marrow-failure disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes, and certain metabolic diseases. Unfortunately, only 25 to 30 percent of potential recipients have HLA-identical siblings who can act as donors. In 1986 the National Marrow Donor Program was created in the United States to facilitate the finding and procurement of suitable marrow from unrelated donors for patients lacking related donors. Results During the first four years of the program, 462 patients with acquired and congenital lymphohematopoietic disorders or metabolic diseases received marrow transplants from unrelated donors. The probability of engraftment by 100 days after transplantation was 94 percent, although 8 percent of patients later had secondary graft failure. The probability of grade II, III, or IV acute graft-versus-host disease was 64 percent, and the probability of chronic graft-versus-host disease at...
United States Geological Survey1, University of Utah2, Stanford University3, Northern Arizona University4, University of Nevada, Reno5, Ensenada Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education6, University of Texas at Austin7, Los Alamos National Laboratory8, Argonne National Laboratory9, University of Texas at El Paso10, University of Washington11, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology12, United States Bureau of Mines13, Boise State University14
TL;DR: The most promising explanations involve nonlinear interactions between large dynamic strains accompanying seismic waves from the mainshock and crustal fluids (perhaps including crustal magma).
Abstract: The magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake of 28 June 1992 triggered a remarkably sudden and widespread increase in earthquake activity across much of the western United States. The triggered earthquakes, which occurred at distances up to 1250 kilometers (17 source dimensions) from the Landers mainshock, were confined to areas of persistent seismicity and strike-slip to normal faulting. Many of the triggered areas also are sites of geothermal and recent volcanic activity. Static stress changes calculated for elastic models of the earthquake appear to be too small to have caused the triggering. The most promising explanations involve nonlinear interactions between large dynamic strains accompanying seismic waves from the mainshock and crustal fluids (perhaps including crustal magma).
TL;DR: It has been shown in recent papers that certain classes of radial-basis-function networks are broad enough for universal approximation, and results are considerably extended and sharpened.
Abstract: This paper concerns conditions for the approximation of functions in certain general spaces using radial-basis-function networks. It has been shown in recent papers that certain classes of radial-basis-function networks are broad enough for universal approximation. In this paper these results are considerably extended and sharpened.
TL;DR: In this article, the p53 (also known as TP53) tumor suppressor gene encodes for a nuclear phosphoprotein thought to regulate proliferation of normal cells, and the relationship between levels of mutant p53 protein expression, tumor cell proliferation rate, and clinical outcome in patients with node-negative breast cancer was investigated.
Abstract: Background: The p53 (also known as TP53) tumor suppressor gene encodes for a nuclear phosphoprotein thought to regulate proliferation of normal cells. Most p53 mutations result in a nonfunctional protein that accumulates in tumor cell nuclei. These common mutations appear to be involved in the development and/or progression of several neoplastic diseases including human breast cancer. Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate the relationships between levels of mutant p53 protein expression, tumor cell proliferation rate, and clinical outcome in patients with node-negative breast cancer
TL;DR: A method is described for finding the optical properties of a slab of turbid material by using total reflection, unscattered transmission, and total transmission measurements and the intrinsic error in the method is < 3% when four quadrature points are used.
Abstract: A method is described for finding the optical properties (scattering, absorption, and scattering anisotropy) of a slab of turbid material by using total reflection, unscattered transmission, and total transmission measurements. This method is applicable to homogeneous turbid slabs with any optical thickness, albedo, or phase function. The slab may have a different index of refraction from its surroundings and may or may not be bounded by glass. The optical properties are obtained by iterating an adding–doubling solution of the radiative transport equation until the calculated values of the reflection and transmission match the measured ones. Exhaustive numerical tests show that the intrinsic error in the method is <3% when four quadrature points are used.
TL;DR: In this article, the linear model predictive control concepts were discussed in a unified theoretical framework based on a stabilizing, infinite horizon, linear quadratic regulator for the plant model.
Abstract: This article discusses the existing linear model predictive control concepts in a unified theoretical framework based on a stabilizing, infinite horizon, linear quadratic regulator. In order to represent unstable as well as stable multivariable systems, the standard state-space formulation is used for the plant model. The incorporation of a nominally stabilizing constrained regulator eliminates the current requirement of tuning for nominal stability. Output feedback is addressed in the well-established framework of the linear quadratic state-estimation problem. This framework allows the flexibility to handle nonsquare systems, noisy inputs and outputs, and nonzero input, output, and state disturbances. This formulation subsumes the integral control schemes designed to remove steady-state offset currently in industrial use. The online implementation of the controller requires the solution of a standard quadratic program that is no more computationally intensive than existing algorithms.
TL;DR: Algorithms which enable forecasting attainable periods are developed which look valid and applicable to further analyses of other questions and items on questionnaires and using these methods simultaneously as well as the traditional Delphi method may prove a really effective result.
TL;DR: A survey of the average cost control problem for discrete-time Markov processes can be found in this paper, where the authors have attempted to put together a comprehensive account of the considerable research on this problem over the past three decades.
Abstract: This work is a survey of the average cost control problem for discrete-time Markov processes. The authors have attempted to put together a comprehensive account of the considerable research on this problem over the past three decades. The exposition ranges from finite to Borel state and action spaces and includes a variety of methodologies to find and characterize optimal policies. The authors have included a brief historical perspective of the research efforts in this area and have compiled a substantial yet not exhaustive bibliography. The authors have also identified several important questions that are still open to investigation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used an updated model for global relative plate motions during the past 130 m.y.p. together with a compilation of bathymetry and recently published radiometric dates of major hotspot tracks to derive a plate-motion model relative to major hotspots in the Atlantic and Indian oceans.
Abstract: We use an updated model for global relative plate motions during the past 130 m.y. together with a compilation of bathymetry and recently published radiometric dates of major hotspot tracks to derive a plate-motion model relative to major hotspots in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Interactive computer graphics were used to find the best fit of dated hotspot tracks on the Australian, Indian, African, and North and South American plates relative to present-day hotspots assumed fixed in the mantle. One set of rotation parameters can be found that satisfies all data constraints back to chron 34 (84 Ma) and supports little motion between the major hotspots in this hemisphere. For times between 130 and 84 Ma, the plate model is based solely on the trails of the Tristan da Cunha and Great Meteor hotspots. This approach results in a location of the Kerguelen hotspot distinct from and south of the Rajmahal Traps for this time interval. Between 115 and 105 Ma, our model locates the hotspot underneath the southern Kerguelen Plateau, which is compatible with an age estimate of this part of the plateau of 115-95 Ma. Our model suggests that the 85°E ridge between lat 10°N and the Afanasiy Nikitin seamounts may have been formed by a hotspot now located underneath the eastern Conrad rise.
01 Jun 1993
TL;DR: This work defines a notion of proportionate progress, called P-fairness, and uses it to design an efficient algorithm which solves the periodic scheduling problem.
Abstract: Given a set ofn tasks andm resources, where each taskx has a rational weightx.w=x.e/x.p,0
TL;DR: This article describes a means of obtaining more accurate verbal data and analyzing it in a standardized step-by-step manner and makes conclusions about the reasoning processes that were used during the problem-solving task.
Abstract: Think Aloud (TA) studies provide rich verbal data about reasoning during a problem solving task. Using TA and protocol analysis, investigators can identify the information that is concentrated on during problem solving and how that information is used to facilitate problem resolution. From this, inferences can be made about the reasoning processes that were used during the problem-solving task. In the past, the validity of data obtained from TA studies has been suspect because of inconsistencies in data collection and the inability to verify findings obtained from the slow, laborious process of protocol analysis. This article describes a means of obtaining more accurate verbal data and analyzing it in a standardized step-by-step manner.
TL;DR: Studies suggest, however, that detection of Hsp27 should not be considered to be a method for identifying hormone-responsive tumors or detecting estrogen receptors, and HSP27 and other Hsps may be active in development of resistance to stressful conditions and agents including cytotoxic drugs.
Abstract: Heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stresses stimulate synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps). These proteins enable the cell to survive and recover from stressful conditions by as yet uncompletely understood mechanisms. Hsp27 is an important small Hsp (molecular weight, 27,000) found in human cells--both cancer cells and normal cells. This protein, besides its putative role in thermotolerance, is of special clinical interest because of recent data suggesting it may also play a role in drug resistance. In adults, Hsp27 is found particularly in several cell types such as breast, uterus, cervix, placenta, skin, and platelets. Although low-molecular-weight (small) Hsps have been found to be involved in embryogenesis of Xenopus and Drosophila, they have not been detected in human fetal organs. Regulation of expression of the Hsp gene (also known as HSPB1) has been considered a paradigm of gene regulation and is actively being studied in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, the major Hsp genes are transcriptionally regulated by positively and negatively acting transcription factors. In eukaryotes, the genes encoding Hsps contain a regulatory DNA motif (inverted repeats of the pentameric sequence nGAAn) known as the heat shock element. Hsp27 may function as a molecular chaperone and in signal transduction pathways of different cell regulators, and Hsp27 and other Hsps may be active in development of resistance to stressful conditions and agents including cytotoxic drugs. Study findings indicate that some but not all estrogen-positive breast cancers express Hsp27, and overexpression of Hsp27 has been associated with both good and poor prognosis. In endometrial carcinomas, the presence of Hsp27 is correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation as well as with the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Studies suggest, however, that detection of Hsp27 should not be considered to be a method for identifying hormone-responsive tumors or detecting estrogen receptors. Hsp27 seems to be a biochemical marker of estrogenic endometrial response. In patients with cervical cancer, Hsp27 is predominantly expressed in well-differentiated and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. In addition, expression of Hsp27 seems to be a negative prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Different isoforms of Hsp27 have been found in lymphoid tissue of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the protein has also been associated with viral infections. These aspects are summarized and discussed in the present review.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a new product diffusion model from theory to practice, from Theory to Practice (T2P), which is used to model the marketing mix influence in New Product Diffusion.
Abstract: Preface. Introduction. Part I: Overview. 1. New Product Diffusion Models: From Theory to Practice V. Mahajan, et al. Part II: Strategic, Global and Digital Environment for Diffusion Analysis. 2. Firm Strategy and Speed of Diffusion S. Kuester, et al. 3. Multi-Market and Global Diffusion M. Dekimpe, et al. 4. Innovation Adoption and Diffusion in the Digital Environment: Some Research Opportunities A. Rangaswamy, S. Gupta. Part III: Diffusion Models. 5. Modeling the Marketing Mix Influence in New Product Diffusion F. Bass, et al. 6. Diffusion Models with Replacement and Multiple Purchases B. Ratchford, et al. 7. Growth Models for Multi-Product Interactions: Current Status and New Directions B. Bayus, et al. 8. Dynamic Models Incorporating Competition R. Chatterjee, et al. 9. Disaggregate Level Diffusion Models J. Roberts, J. Lattin. 10. Operations Planning in the Presence of Innovation Diffusion Dynamics M.A. Cohen, et al. Part IV: Estimation. 11. Estimation Techniques for Macro Diffusion Models W.P. Putsis, V. Srinivasan. Part V: Applications and Software. 12. Diffusion Models: Managerial Applications and Software G.L. Lilien, et al. List of Contributors. About The Editors. References. Index.
TL;DR: The trend in modern solid-state synthesis resembles increasingly the approach used in small-molecule chemistry, in the sense that attention to reaction mechanism and the use of molecular building blocks result in an ability to prepare new materials of designed structure.
Abstract: Solid-state compounds have historically been prepared through high-temperature solid-solid reactions. New mechanistic understanding of these reactions suggests possible routes to metastable compositions and structures as well as to thermodynamically stable, low-temperature phases that decompose at higher temperatures. Intermediate-temperature synthetic techniques, including flux and hydrothermal methods, as well as low-temperature intercalation and coordination reactions, have recently been developed and have been used to prepare unprecedented materials with interesting electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. The trend in modern solid-state synthesis resembles increasingly the approach used in small-molecule chemistry, in the sense that attention to reaction mechanism and the use of molecular building blocks result in an ability to prepare new materials of designed structure.