University of Texas at Austin

About: University of Texas at Austin is a education organization based out in Austin, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 94352 authors who have published 206297 publications receiving 9070052 citations. The organization is also known as: UT-Austin & UT Austin.

Frontiers of Electronic Commerce

Abstract: 1. Welcome to Electronic Commerce. Electronic Commerce Framework. Electronic Commerce and Media Convergence. The Anatomy of E-Commerce Applications. Electronic Commerce Consumer Applications. Electronic Commerce Organization Applications. Summary. 2. The Network Infrastructure for Electronic Commerce. Market Forces Influencing the I-Way. Components of the I-Way. Network Access Equipment. The Last Mile: Local Roads and Access Ramps. Global Information Distribution Networks. Public Policy Issues Shaping the I-Way. Summary. 3. The Internet as a Network Infrastructure. The Internet Terminology. Chronological History of the Internet. NSFNET: Architecture and Components. National Research and Education Network. Globalization of the Academic Internet. Internet Governance: The Internet Society. An Overview of Internet Applications. Summary. 4. The Business of Internet Commercialization. Telco/Cable/On-Line Companies. National Independent ISPs. Regional-Level ISPs. Local-Level ISPs. Service Providers Abroad. Service Provider Connectivity: Network Interconnection Points. Internet Connectivity Options. Logistics of Being an Internet Service Provider. Summary. 5. Network Security and Firewalls. Client-Server Network Security. Emerging Client-Server Security Threats. Firewalls and Network Security. Data and Message Security. Challenge-Response Systems. Encrypted Documents and Electronic Mail. U.S. Government Regulations and Encryption. Summary. 6. Electronic Commerce and World Wide Web. Architectural Framework for Electronic Commerce. World Wide Web (WWW) as the Architecture. Web Background: Hypertext Publishing. Technology behind the Web. Security and the Web. Summary. 7. Consumer-Oriented Electronic Commerce. Consumer-Oriented Applications. Mercantile Process Models. Mercantile Models from the Consumers Perspective. Mercantile Models from the Merchants Perspective. Summary. 8. Electronic Payment Systems. Types of Electronic Payment Systems. Digital Token-Based Electronic Payment Systems. Smart Cards and Electronic Payment Systems. Credit Card-Based Electronic Payment Systems. Risk and Electronic Payment Systems. Designing Electronic Payment Systems. Summary. 9. Interorganizational Commerce and EDI. Electronic Data Interchange. EDI Applications in Business. EDI: Legal, Security, and Privacy Issues. EDI and Electronic Commerce. Summary. 10. EDI Implementation MIME, and Value-Added Networks. Standardization and EDI. EDI Software Implementation. EDI Envelope for Message Transport. Value-Added Networks (VANs). Internet-Based EDI. Summary. 11. Intraorganizational Electronic Commerce. Internal Information Systems. Macroforces and Internal Commerce. Work-flow Automation and Coordination. Customization and Internal Commerce. Supply Chain Management (SCM). Summary. 12. The Corporate Digital Library. Dimensions of Internal Electronic Commerce Systems. Making a Business Case for a Document Library. Types of Digital Documents. Issues behind Document Infrastructure. Corporate Data Warehouses. Summary. 13. Advertising and Marketing on the Internet. The New Age of Information-Based Marketing. Advertising on the Internet. Charting the On-Line Marketing Process. Market Research. Summary. 14. Consumer Search and Resource Discovery. Search and Resource Discovery Paradigms. Information Search and Retrieval. Electronic Commerce Catalogs or Directories. Information Filtering. Consumer-Data Interface: Emerging Tools. Summary.

Graphene films with large domain size by a two-step chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: The fundamental properties of graphene are making it an attractive material for a wide variety of applications. Various techniques have been developed to produce graphene and recently we discovered the synthesis of large area graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane on Cu foils. We also showed that graphene growth on Cu is a surface-mediated process and the films were polycrystalline with domains having an area of tens of square micrometers. In this paper, we report on the effect of growth parameters such as temperature, and methane flow rate and partial pressure on the growth rate, domain size, and surface coverage of graphene as determined by Raman spectroscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of the results, we developed a two-step CVD process to synthesize graphene films with domains having an area of hundreds of square micrometers. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy clearly show an increase in domain size by changing the growth parameters...

The Beliefs about Language Learning of Beginning University Foreign Language Students

Abstract: liefs about how languages are learned.1 Definite viewpoints on the best techniques for learning a language, the "right" age to begin language study, and the nature of the language learning process are the subject of airline magazine articles, Sunday supplement advertisements, and cocktail party small-talk. Many people apparently believe, for example, that second language fluency can be obtained with relatively little effort. In the course of a review of the time

Ecological Consequences of Foraging Mode

Abstract: Desert lizards are typically either widely foraging or sit-and-wait predators, and these foraging modes are correlated with major differences in ecology. Foraging mode is related to the type of prey eaten by lizards. Widely foraging lizards in the Kalahari desert, the Western Australian desert, and the North American desert generally eat more prey that are sedentary, unpredictably distributed, and clumped (e.g., termites) or that are large and inaccessible (inactive scorpions) than do sit-and- wait lizards. In contrast, sit-and-wait lizards eat more prey that are active. Foraging mode also appears to influence the types of predators that in turn eat the lizards. For example, a sit-and-wait snake eats predominately widely foraging lizards. Crossovers in foraging mode thus exist between trophic levels. Widely foraging lizards may also encounter predators more frequently, as suggested by analyses of relative tail lengths; but tail break frequencies are ambiguous. Daily maintenance energetic expen- ditures of widely foraging lizards appear to be about 1.3-1.5 times greater than those of sit-and-wait lizards in the same habitats, but gross food gains are about 1.3-2.1 times greater. Widely foraging species also have lower relative clutch volumes, apparently in response to enhanced risks of predation. Foraging mode within one species varies with changes in food availability. Physiology, morphology, and risk of predation might generally restrict the flexibility of foraging mode. Because foraging mode constrains numerous important aspects of ecology, any general model of foraging velocity must be complex.

Depletion of 13 C in lignin and its implications for stable carbon isotope studies

Abstract: Stable carbon isotope compositions of organic matter are now widely used to trace carbon flow in ecosystems, and have been instrumental in shaping current perceptions of the importance of terrestrial vegetation to estuarine and coastal marine environments. A general assumption in these and other studies relying on carbon isotope compositions for source identification of organic matter has been that the major biochemical components of plant tissues are isotopically invariant. We report here large differences between the carbon isotope compositions of the polysaccharide and lignin components of a variety of vascular plants, including the salt-marsh grass Spartina alterniflora, and demonstrate that the carbon isotope composition of Spartina detritus gradually changes during biogeochemical processing as polysaccharides are preferentially removed, leaving a material that is relatively enriched in lignin-derived carbon and depleted in 13C.