Showing papers by "University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston published in 1972"
TL;DR: The records of 2,044 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were reviewed in order to define the incidence and topographical distribution of lymph node metastasis on admission.
Abstract: The records of 2,044 patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were reviewed in order to define the incidence and topographical distribution of lymph node metastasis on admission. The common regions of metastasis are presented for each of the seven individual head and neck sites selected for study. Knowledge of the preferred areas of spread and those that are almost never involved allows the design of more adequate plans to manage the individual lesions.
914 citations
TL;DR: A nonparametric test for testing whether the K samples, on hand, are from the same distribution is calculated, an extension of the Kruskal-Wallis test, which can be used in those cases where the censoring has been applied in similar manner in all the samples.
697 citations
642 citations
TL;DR: Toxicity was not clearly different with any of the three treatment schedules, and most of the patients with only laboratory evidence of toxicity had no associated clinical manifestations, and this did not appear to decrease the likelihood of obtaining a remission.
Abstract: A total of 105 patients with advanced acute leukemia in relapse received 123 trials of L-asparaginase. Three different schedules were used, two of which involved simultaneous administration of vincristine and prednisone. Treatment was temporarily interrupted because of toxicity in 14 patients, and permanently discontinued in an additional 31. In 13 patients, this occurred before 10 doses of L-asparaginase were given, while in the remaining 18 patients, therapy was stopped after remission was attained. The major toxicities were pancreatitis (fatal in four patients), hypersensitivity reactions, disturbances of liver function (fatal in two patients), and clinical and laboratory manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Diabetic keto-acidosis was encountered in two patients and was fatal in one. Severe leukopenia ascribed to L-asparaginase occurred in two patients, in one of whom it was the contributory cause of death. Toxicity was not clearly different with any of the three treatment schedules. Most of the patients with only laboratory evidence of toxicity had no associated clinical manifestations, and this did not appear to decrease the likelihood of obtaining a remission.
187 citations
TL;DR: Although the lesions in the lungs showed preferential distribution in the lower lobes and subpleural regions, the Bleomycin-induced lesions were nonspecific histologically and were similar to those induced by many agents affecting the air–blood membrane.
Abstract: Pulmonary lesions in 37 patients with cancer who were treated with Bleomycin were studied histologically. The 35 patients were compared with 35 control patients. Interstitial pneumonia at different stages of evolution was found in 12 patients receiving the drug; ten of these had associated severe respiratory distress. In contrast, only two patients in the control group had similar changes: one had subacute radiation pneu-monitis, the other, “respirator lung.” Although the lesions in the lungs showed preferential distribution in the lower lobes and subpleural regions, the Bleomycin-induced lesions were nonspecific histologically and were similar to those induced by many agents affecting the air–blood membrane. The histologic features included fibrinous exudate, atypical proliferation of alveolar cells, hyaline membranes, interstitial and intra-alveolar fibrosis, and squamous metaplasia with epithelial dysplasia of distal air spaces.
166 citations
140 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine were released from DNAs previously labeled in the base moiety with each of the four bases, and no detectable amounts of nucleosides, nucleotides, de oxygenribose, deoxyribose phosphate, or inorganic phosphate were released.
Abstract: Labeled free bases could be detected chromatographically after reaction of deoxyribonucleic acid with high concentrations of the antibiotic bleomycin. Thymine, adenine, guanine, and cytosine were released from DNAs previously labeled in the base moiety with each of the four bases. No detectable amounts of nucleosides, nucleotides, deoxyribose, deoxyribose phosphate, or inorganic phosphate were released.
123 citations
TL;DR: Unlike the case of mouse, human heterochromatin is composed of a variety of DNA families, and mapping human chromosomes by nucleic-acid hybridization appears feasible, the results suggest that repeated sequences in the DNA of the human genome suggest the heterogeneity of the repeated sequences.
122 citations
TL;DR: There was little genetic difference among the four groups, suggesting that speciation can occur without changes in many of the genes, and relatively low values of genetic variation may possibly be associated with the ecologically relatively monotonous subterranean niche of Spalax.
Abstract: The mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi, occurs in Israel and vicinity as four clinally distributed chromosome forms which are probably sibling species. By the method of starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes, genetic variation of 13 proteins controlled by 17 loci was studied in a total of 383 animals from the four chromosome forms. There was little genetic difference among the four groups, suggesting that speciation can occur without changes in many of the genes. Average degree of polymorphism per chromosome form was 19.1%, ranging from 5.9 to 29.4% for different chromosome forms. Individuals were, on the average, heterozygous at 3.7% of their loci, ranging from 1.8 to 5.6% in the four different chromosome forms. These relatively low values of genetic variation may possibly be associated in part with the ecologically relatively monotonous subterranean niche of Spalax.
98 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of survival rates by stage of disease suggested that prognosis was worse in men less than 50 years old and a plea is made for performing a digital examination of the prostate as part of all routine physical examinations, regardless of the age of the patient.
Abstract: Twenty-six cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in men under 50 years of age were reviewed and compared with a larger group of 599 patients more than 50 years old who also had prostatic carcinoma. Although the disease was more frequently diagnosed in its later stages in the younger population, comparison of survival rates by stage of disease suggested that prognosis was worse in men less than 50 years old. Histologic grading was not useful as an aid in determining prognosis. A plea is made for performing a digital examination of the prostate as a part of all routine physical examinations, regardless of the age of the patient.
84 citations
TL;DR: Thirty‐seven patients who were treated with antineoplastic drugs for metastatic thyroid carcinoma were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of chemotherapy in this disease, and five of 37 patients had partial remission of their disease.
Abstract: Thirty-seven patients who were treated with antineoplastic drugs for metastatic thyroid carcinoma were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of chemotherapy in this disease. All cell types were included in the series, but there was a predominance of the spindle and giant cell and medullary types. Three patients had no treatment prior to the chemotherapy, with the remainder having been treated previously by surgery,131I, and radiotherapy, either separately or in combination. A wide variety of drugs were used. Five of 37 patients had partial remission of their disease. The median duration of response is now 3+ months, with two patients still responding. Three of the five responders were treated with the new antitumor antibiotic, adriamycin. The preliminary results with this drug have encouraged us to use it as a drug of choice in a prospective protocol for the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer, and to explore its use earlier in the course of treatment.
TL;DR: Using techniques for DNA/RNA or DNA/DNA hybridization in situ, Pardue and Gall and Jones2 made several significant discoveries on the chromosomal locations of the mouse satellite DNA, finding this fraction of DNA is found in all chromosomes except the Y.
Abstract: USING techniques for DNA/RNA or DNA/DNA hybridization in situ, Pardue and Gall1 and Jones2 made several significant discoveries on the chromosomal locations of the mouse satellite DNA: (1) this fraction of DNA is found in all chromosomes except the Y, (2) the cytological location of the satellite DNA is limited to the centromeric region of each chromosome and is probably absent in other regions and (3) the centromeric regions of all mouse chromosomes are hetero-chromatic.
TL;DR: The most effective treatment method for this particular tumor was for the mice to respire oxygen at 30 lb.
Abstract: A series of radiation‐dose tumor control response assays have been performed using an 8‐mm diameter C3H mouse mammary carcinoma, and radiation administered in 10 equal doses with 24‐hour intervals between treatments. The studies evaluated the effectiveness of administering the radiation while the mice respired oxygen at normal pressure for 5, 15, or 60 min., or respired 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at normal pressure for 30 sec. or 15 min. prior to each local irradiation, or respired oxygen at 30 psi after 5 or 15 min. prior to each irradiation. The TCD50 values for these assays showed that there was no advantage to use of O2 and CO2 instead of pure oxygen at normal pressure in the fractionated irradiation of this particular tumor. There was a marked increase in effectiveness of treatment for animals respiring oxygen at normal pressure instead of air, and the effectiveness increased as the exposure to oxygen was lengthened from 0 to 5 to 15 min. However, local irradiation was less effective if administered to mice which had respired oxygen for 60 min. prior to each treatment session. By far, the most effective treatment method for this particular tumor was for the mice to respire oxygen at 30 lb. per square min. for 5 min. or 15 min. Interestingly, there was no advantage in allowing the mice to respire the oxygen at the high pressure for 15 min. instead of 5 min., i.e., the TCD50 was the same for the two times of respiration of oxygen.
TL;DR: The high sensitivity of the electrophoretic method allows the use of normal sera as markers rather than tissue extracts, and isoenzyme patterns may be visually assessed after heat inactivation and chemical inhibition.
Abstract: We describe a new electrophoretic method for the characterization of human serum and tissue alkaline phosphatases on cellulose acetate plates. Enzymes are localized fluorometrically with the substrate α-naphthol AS-MX phosphate or colorimetrically by coupling the reaction product with Fast Blue RR. Both localization techniques are sensitive enough to demonstrate isoenzyme patterns in micro-scale samples of normal sera. Our electrophoretic studies indicate that sera of children and adults normally contain isoenzymes originating from both liver and bone. The high sensitivity of the method allows the use of normal sera as markers rather than tissue extracts, and isoenzyme patterns may be visually assessed after heat inactivation and chemical inhibition. The method is suitable for the electrophoretic fractionation of alkaline phosphatase in large numbers of sera, with equipment and technique familiar to many laboratories.
TL;DR: The modified thermal stability of nucleolar chromatin was found to be caused by its content of RNA which partially destabilized the DNA-histone interactions, and the striking structural differences between these two chromatin types do not appear to be reflected in their protein contents at the present level of resolution.
TL;DR: The viruses present in large volumes of culture fluids can be purified by a simple two-step procedure involving polyethylene glycol precipitation and equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose density gradients.
Abstract: Murine ribonucleic acid tumor viruses and C-type virus particles are produced in relatively large quantities in roller bottle cultures The viruses present in large volumes of culture fluids can be purified by a simple two-step procedure involving polyethylene glycol precipitation and equilibrium centrifugation in sucrose density gradients
TL;DR: The incidence, prevalence and mortality figures in this paper are presented in a form to be useful for palnning health facilities and manpower resources required in the proper management of stroke problems.
Abstract: The Major factors known to be associated with stroke include increasing age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, many additional data are required to substantiate the role of other risk factors. The incidence, prevalence and mortality figures in this paper are presented in a form to be useful for palnning health facilities and manpower resources required in the proper management of stroke problems.
TL;DR: Results are essentially consistent with the current consensus regarding the mode of decomposition of DIC: on exposure to light, DIC undergoes decomposition to dimethylamine and 5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide which interacts with nucleic acids in an obscure manner, when light is excluded.
TL;DR: Recordings have been made from 213 striate cortex units in esotropic and orthophoric adult Siamese cats, and no units were found to have receptive fields in both eyes, and none were found which had receptive field in the ipsilateral eye.
TL;DR: An in vitro assay capable of detecting lymphocytes cytotoxic to tumor cells is presented and patients with metastatic disease, including liposarcoma metastatic to the lung, and three patients with disseminated sarcomas circulated serum factors that specifically antagonized the cytot toxic effect of lymphocytes on sarcoma cells are presented.
Abstract: An in vitro assay capable of detecting lymphocytes cytotoxic to tumor cells is presented. Two patients with fibrosarcoma circulated lymphocytes that were cytotoxic to fibrosarcoma cells but not to squamous carcinoma cells. Although the patients had metastatic disease, no blocking serum factors could be demonstrated. A patient with liposarcoma metastatic to the lung yielded lymphocytes cytotoxic to sarcoma cells but not to carcinoma cells; the serum acted synergistically with the cytotoxic lymphocytes. A patient with Paget's osteitis deformans circulated both lymphocytes cytotoxic to osteosarcoma cells and serum factors blocking the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes. Three patients with disseminated sarcomas circulated serum factors that specifically antagonized the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes on sarcoma cells. After chemotherapy (the main agent was cytosine arabinoside), the blocking factors became undetectable. In one patient, temporary tumor regression coincided with the absence of blocking factors. In the two other patients, tumor growth continued while no blocking factors were present in the serum.
TL;DR: The findings were most striking in the pediatric group, however, the relationship is quite similar in the adult group, and the serum copper level is proposed as an important value for the management of acute leukemia.
Abstract: A study of 346 bone marrow samples and serum copper levels obtained on the same day from 112 patients with acute leukemia shows highly significant relationships between serum copper levels and cellular components of the bone marrow. Of these, the relationship between percentage of blast cells and serum copper is the most important, in view of the significance of blast cells as an index of disease activity and their role in management of leukemias. The relationship may be expressed in terms of probability (Fig. 9), although the model utilized does not appear to define the relationship fully. The findings were most striking in the pediatric group. However, the relationship is quite similar in the adult group. Pediatric values were demonstrated to coincide with adult data by application of an age-correction factor. The serum copper level is proposed as an important value for the management of acute leukemia.
TL;DR: Preliminary evidence is presented that human tumor-associated antigen can be separated by salt extraction and can be used in a multifaceted immunological evaluation of the cancer patient.
Abstract: Research during the past decade has indicated that most, if not all, human tumors possess tumor-associated antigens (1). This is based on in vivo and in vitro immunologic test systems which use intact tumor cells (2, 3), tumor cell homogenates (4) and subcellular fractions obtained by sonic disruption, enzyme digestion, and ultracentrifugation (5-7) as the source of antigen. There is also one report of a soluble tumor-associated antigen found in the fluid of a cystic melanoma (8).Ideally, the use of soluble tumor antigens will not only eliminate a number of technical difficulties entailed in preserving and storing tumor cells, but will also enable the investigator to study patients sequentially in relation to their response to treatment. This soluble antigen, if shown to be tumor specific and immunogenic, may also be useful for specific immunotherapy. Recent success in salt extraction of soluble HL-A antigens (9) has led investigators to apply similar methods to the extraction of tumor-associated antigen ...
TL;DR: Single‐strand breaks are produced in the phosphodiester backbone of ultraviolet‐light‐irradiated 5–bromodeoxyuridine‐containing DNA (BU‐DNA) after treatment with alkali, and no radiation dependent breakage is observed in thymine‐ containing DNA (thy‐DNA).
Abstract: — Single-strand breaks are produced in the phosphodiester backbone of ultraviolet-light-irradiated 5–bromodeoxyuridine-containing DNA (BU-DNA) after treatment with alkali. No radiation dependent breakage is observed in thymine-containing DNA (thy-DNA). The relative yields of breaks terminated by 5′-hydroxyl and 5′-phosphate groups was determined by measuring the rate of phosphorylation achieved with polynucleotide kinase in BU-DNA single strands before and after treatment with alkaline phosphatase. The ratio of 5′-phosphate to 5′ hydroxyl groups ranged from 2.3 to 2.9 in different experiments. When cysteamine was present during irradiation no new end groups were produced.
In order to identify the nucleoside(s) at the 5′-termini, phosphate groups were removed with alkaline phosphatase and the 5′-hydroxyl groups were phosphorylated with polynucleotide kinase. Electrophoresis of enzymatic digests showed a single 32P-labeled component migrating more rapidly than any of the four usual 5′-mononucleotides. Upon column chromatography this component resolved into a major peak coincident with 5′-dUMP and a lesser unidentified constituent. No 5′-dBUM32P was observed among these nucleotides.
TL;DR: Common herpesvirus antigens in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), Marek's disease (MDV), and Burkitt's lymphoma (EBV) were found and a line of identity with the HV preparations was demonstrated by using specific antisera prepared against, IBR, MDV, and EBV.
Abstract: Common herpesvirus (HV) antigens in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), Marek's disease (MDV), and Burkitt's lymphoma (EBV) were found. Immunodiffusion tests in 0.7% agarose demonstrated a line of identity with the HV preparations by using specific antisera prepared against, IBR, MDV, and EBV. These common antigens were found to consist of multiple components: i.e., at least two MDV antigens were identical to IBR and EBV components when subjected to immunoelectrophoresis in 0.7% agarose. Indirect immunofluorescence testing of EBV strain P3HR-1 and IBR-infected embryonic bovine kidney cells, with antisera prepared against partially purified IBR, MDV, and EBV antigens, revealed identical activity of the three antisera as demonstrated by brilliant nuclear fluorescence (perinuclear clumping) in P3HR-1 cells and evenly distributed cytoplasmic activity in 18-hr IBR-infected bovine kidney cell cultures. Initial physical-chemical studies of the partially purified antigens were carried out by differential centrifugation cycles (6,000, 25,000 and 100,000 × g), rate zonal centrifugation in 5 to 20% sucrose density gradients, and analysis by disc electrophoresis in 5 and 7% polyacrylamide gels. These studies revealed similar molecular weight (>1,000,000) and size characteristics and similar electrophoretic mobilities among the three partially purified HV antigens.
TL;DR: The results suggest that specific alterations in the metabolism of certain LMN RNAs may occur during the PHA-induced transformation of human lymphocytes.
TL;DR: The findings in this study point particularly to the value of SCL both in evaluation of initial therapy response, and as a possible index of extramedullary neoplastic activity.
Abstract: The relationship of serum copper levels (SCL) and bone marrow blast cells over a major period of the disease has been studied in 25 cases of acute leukemia in children. Serum copper showed positive correlation with blast cells in 61% of all paired data. Special groups provided more definitive and clinically valuable data, however. In the initial treatment period (30 days), the positive correlation of SCL with bone marrow blasts was 100%, falling to 57% over extended periods. In remission, 77% of paired values were correlated. In evaluating the occasions of non‐correlation in bone marrow remission, central nervous system leukemic involvement was most prominent, with infection, viral and bacterial, and lymphoma being also coincident clinical conditions believed to be related to the high SCL. Such findings tend to support the general hypothesis that SCL is reflecting extensive, perhaps abnormal cellular proliferation. Evaluation of the terminal portion of five cases confirmed the clinical impression of generally poor correlation of SCL and bone marrow blasts in the terminal portion of acute leukemia. The findings in this study point particularly to the value of SCL both in evaluation of initial therapy response, and as a possible index of extramedullary neoplastic activity.
TL;DR: IJUANA and its active major ingredient, Δ-9-tetrahydrocan-nabinol (THC), reduce fighting among previously isolated mice and decrease preference for the side of a T-maze where they are rewarded by the opportunity to attack.
Abstract: MARIJUANA and its active major ingredient, Δ-9-tetrahydrocan-nabinol (THC), reduce fighting among previously isolated mice1 and decrease preference for the side of a T-maze where they are rewarded by the opportunity to attack2. The degree of suppression of fighting behaviour seemed to be related to the cannabis resin content of the extract administered1. The behavioural effects which we reported2 could not be assessed for a THC dose-dependent relationship as some mice in the low-dosage group received faulty intravenous injections.