Showing papers by "University of Texas Medical Branch published in 1974"
TL;DR: It is demonstrated here that cell attachment to collagen is mediated by a high molecular weight protein present in serum, which is more important in cell attachment than the chemical composition of the plastic.
Abstract: MOST untransformed mammalian cells require an appropriate surface for survival and growth in vitro; this phenomenon has been termed anchorage dependence1. Glass, tissue culture plastics, fibrin clots and collagen surfaces have long been recognised as substrates able to support the attachment and growth of cells. Since the cell plasma membrane is separated from plastics substrates by a 450 A layer of electron opaque material2, the nature of the 450 A would appear to be more important in cell attachment than the chemical composition of the plastic. It is demonstrated here that cell attachment to collagen is mediated by a high molecular weight protein present in serum.
561 citations
334 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the ventral roots of the lumbosacral enlargement contain a large population of unmyelinated fibers originating from dorsal root ganglion cells.
Abstract: The ventral roots L7 and S1 of the cat spinal cord were examined with the light and electron microscopes. Differences in the morphology of Schwann cells associated with large myelinated fibers and with small myelinated or unmyelinated fibers were observed. The blood vessels were largely encircled by pericytes. The most noteworthy finding was that 29% of the axons in these roots were unmyelinated. These unmyelinated axons were greatly reduced in number proximal but not distal to a ventral rhizotomy. Furthermore, they were reduced in number following dorsal root ganglionectomy, but not after dorsal rhizotomy, sympathectomy or peripheral nerve section. It is concluded that the ventral roots of the lumbosacral enlargement contain a large population of unmyelinated fibers originating from dorsal root ganglion cells.
212 citations
TL;DR: For example, at the Apollo 14 Fra Mauro site and the Apollo 16 Descartes site, material with a seismic velocity of about 300 m/sec was found to be brecciated material or impact-derived debris as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Seismic refraction data obtained at the Apollo 14, 16, and 17 landing sites permit a compressional wave velocity profile of the lunar near surface to be derived. Beneath the regolith at the Apollo 14 Fra Mauro site and the Apollo 16 Descartes site is material with a seismic velocity of about 300 m/sec, believed to be brecciated material or impact-derived debris. Considerable detail is known about the velocity structure at the Apollo 17 Taurus-Littrow site. Seismic velocities of 100, 327, 495, 960, and 4700 m/sec are observed. The depth to the top of the 4700-m/sec material is 1385 m, compatible with gravity estimates for the thickness of mare basaltic flows, which fill the Taurus-Littrow valley. The observed magnitude of the velocity change with depth and the implied steep velocity-depth gradient of more than 2 km/sec/km are much larger than have been observed on compaction experiments on granular materials and preclude simple cold compaction of a fine-grained rock powder to thicknesses of the order of kilometers.
150 citations
TL;DR: Electrophoresis of the globin chains of hemoglobin on cellulose acetate in both acidic and alkaline buffers (pH about 6 and 9) containing urea and 2-mercaptoethanol is a simple, rapid means of characterizing hemoglobins.
Abstract: Electrophoresis of the globin chains of hemoglobin on cellulose acetate in both acidic and alkaline buffers (pH about 6 and 9) containing urea and 2-mercaptoethanol is a simple, rapid means of characterizing hemoglobins. Erythrocyte hemolysate is electrophoresed in the presence of a large amount of mercaptoethanol, which liberates heme from globin, and keeps it in solution during its rapid electrophoretic removal. Each globin chain migrates at a characteristic rate, which varies with the pH and composition of the buffer. The combined data permit differentiation, with a high degree of specificity, of some similarly charged hemoglobins. They may also be useful in assessing the effect of secondary and tertiary structure on molecular charge.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the long-period seismometers at Apollo stations 16, 14, 15, and 12 at annual rates of 3300, 1700, 800, and 700, respectively, with peak activity at 13-to 14-day intervals.
Abstract: Natural seismic events have been detected by the long-period seismometers at Apollo stations 16, 14, 15, and 12 at annual rates of 3300, 1700, 800, and 700, respectively, with peak activity at 13- to 14-day intervals. The data are used to describe magnitudes, source characteristics, and periodic features of lunar seismicity. In a present model, the rigid lithosphere overlies an asthenosphere of reduced rigidity in which present-day partial melting is probable. Tidal deformation presumably leads to critical stress concentrations at the base of the lithosphere, where moonquakes are found to occur. The striking tidal periodicities in the pattern of moonquake occurrence and energy release suggest that tidal energy is the dominant source of energy released as moonquakes. Thus, tidal energy is dissipated by moonquakes in the lithosphere and probably by inelastic processes in the asthenosphere.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a short-form administration of the MMPI is described, which consists of the first 168 items of the standard MMPIs and can be used to estimate k-corrected clinical scale scores by application of regression weights.
Abstract: A convenient short-form administration of the MMPI is described. Rather than selecting items out of context, it is recommended that the abbreviated administration consist of the first 168 items of the standard MMPI. The usual scoring stencils can be applied to obtain scores which can be used to estimate k-corrected clinical scale scores by application of regression weights.
121 citations
TL;DR: Observations suggested that rotenone inhibited mitosis by binding directly to tubulin to prevent microtubule assembly, which is also an effective antimitotic agent.
113 citations
TL;DR: The classic roentgenographic and clinical features of the battered child syndrome were not present in most of the patients, and skull fractures and spread of the cranial sutures, either alone or in combination, were quite common.
Abstract: The classic roentgenographic and clinical features of the battered child syndrome were not present in most of our patients. The well known epiphyseal-metaphyseal long bone fractures, usually considered the classic findings in these infants, were less common in our series than were spiral and transverse fractures of the long bones. Multiple skeletal injuries were also less common than expected. It is not known whether these data merely represent an isolated experience, or a more universal, but as yet unappreciated phenomenon. However, because of our findings it has caused us to place more emphasis on, and be more suspicious of single, ordinary long bone fractures, especially when clinical correlation is less than plausible.Skull fractures and spread of the cranial sutures, either alone or in combination, were quite common. These findings are obviously significant both in respect to early diagnosis and associated intracranial complications. Often skull fractures, or simple spreading of the sutures, served t...
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of a solvent on a molecular system are incorporated into the Hartree-Fock SCF molecular orbital formalism prior to the solution of the quantum mechanical problem.
Abstract: A theoretical model is presented by which the effects of a solvent on a molecular system are incorporated into the Hartree-Fock SCF molecular orbital formalism prior to the solution of the quantum mechanical problem. The proposed model assumes that the polar nature of the solvent can be characterized by a single parameter. The effects of aprotic solvents on certain molecular parameters of N,N-dimethylformamide and N-nitrosodimethylamine have been studied, using a semiempirical Mulliken type MO method incorporating the proposed solvent interaction model. These molecular parameters include the hindered rotation barrier, net charges at the atomic center, and the initial n→π* transition.
107 citations
TL;DR: This patient represents the first direct demonstration of a prolidase deficiency in man and clinical findings that suggest a defect in collagen metabolism and suggestive of an autosomal recessive disorder are described.
Abstract: A deficiency in the enzyme, prolidase (EC 3.4.3.7), is described in a patient with iminopeptiduria and clinical findings that suggest a defect in collagen metabolism. The massive iminopeptiduria is unique to this disorder, with daily proline excretion rates of 1.76 g. Fifteen peptides were characterized and quantitated from a deproteinized, amino-acid-free, 24-hr urine collection using column chromatographic procedures. Amino acid analysis revealed the peptides to be di- and tri-peptides containing proline plus another amino acid, “X.” Dansylation revealed “X” to be amino-terminal in each case. Prolidase, an enzyme known to cleave X-proline bonds, was measured by two separate methods. Enzyme activity in the patient's red and white cells was absent to markedly decreased as compared to age-matched controls. Furthermore, the activity of the enzyme in the mother's and maternal grandfather's white cells was less than that found in adult controls, suggesting a heterozygous condition. The maternal grandmother's enzyme activity was normal. The enzyme data is suggestive of an autosomal recessive disorder. This patient represents the first direct demonstration of a prolidase deficiency in man.
TL;DR: The similarity of GABA transport in these model glial and neuronal cell lines supports the hypothesis that glial cells may participate in the inactivation of GABA by reuptake from the synaptic cleft, and suggests that GABA uptake in glia, but not in neurons, may be coupled to its metabolism.
TL;DR: Transmission electron microscopy and appropriate biochemical assays have served to evaluate the relationship between collagen and interstitial mucopolysaccharide material in the hypertrophic scar, and a marked dominance of the filamentous forms is demonstrated.
Abstract: The hypertrophic scar occurs in healed skin from deep burns or equivalent injury in humans. It is erythematous, elevated, hard to the touch, and can produce severe contractures. This scar is characterized by marked increases in collagen and chondroitin-4-sulfate. Transmission electron microscopy, including localization of ruthenium red, scanning electron microscopy and appropriate biochemical assays have served to evaluate the relationship between collagen and interstitial mucopolysaccharide material in the hypertrophic scar. These results have been compared to those obtained for normal skin, mature scar, and granulation tissue, and are interpreted from the standpoint of explaining some of the clinical aspects of the scar. Two basic forms of interstitial material are observed, globular and filamentous. The globular forms predominate in normal skin, mature scar and granulation tissue. Hypertrophic scar demonstrates a marked dominance of the filamentous forms, which often appear to link collagen in chain-li...
TL;DR: The incidence of hypertrophic scar and scar contracture can be reduced employing the following techniques: the use of positioning and splints during the pregrafting phase to maintain the joints in optimal position.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Determination of diffusion coefficients and studies on physiologically inert lenses indicate that reduced relaxation times do not provide direct evidence for ordering of the bulk of the cell water.
Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the relaxation times of the water in the crystalline lens show that, as in all interfacial systems, these parameters are markedly reduced from their values in pure water, that T2 is less than T1, and that both depend on water content. Determination of diffusion coefficients and studies on physiologically inert lenses indicate that reduced relaxation times do not provide direct evidence for ordering of the bulk of the cell water.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the monkey somatosensory system includes a spinocervicothalamic pathway which is comparable to that found in the carnivore.
TL;DR: A clinical syndrome encountered in twelve patients is described, characterized by classical migraine headaches, chest pain and symptomatic functional hypoglycemia, and a possible inter-relationship between migraine headache, coronary spasm and myocardial infarction is speculated.
Abstract: From the Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Galveston County Memorial Hospital, Texas City, Texas and The Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Migraine headaches have rarely been associated with a disturbance of the cardiovascular system.l 2 It is the purpose of this communication to describe a clinical syndrome encountered in twelve patients, characterized by classical migraine headaches, chest pain and symptomatic functional hypoglycemia. Attention is called to the possible role that coronary spasm may play in the cause of chest pain. The author speculates a possible inter-relationship between migraine headache, coronary spasm and myocardial infarction.
TL;DR: The gross and microscopic anatomy of the venom producing parotoid glands of Bufo alvarius has been studied by light and electron microscopy.
Abstract: The gross and microscopic anatomy of the venom producing parotoid glands of Bufo alvarius has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Histochemical reactions for the presence of venom constituents and of components in biochemical pathways in the synthesis and release of venom were performed. The gland is composed of numerous lobules. Each lobule is an individual unit with a lumen surrounded by a double cell layer. Microvilli of the outer layer interdigitate with microvilli of the inner layer. Cells of the outer layer resemble smooth muscle cells, are rich in adenosine triphosphatase and glucose6-phosphatase, and contain numerous pinocytotic vesicles, glycogen granules and various organelles, These organelles include “crystalloids” of what seem to be highly organized agranular reticulum. These outer layer cells probably function in some aspects of venom synthesis, active cellular transport and contraction in the discharge of the secretory product. The inner cell layer demonstrates a positive chromaffin reaction, contains steroid material, various organelles, some pinocytotic vesicles and glycogen granules, and appears devoid of a plasmalemma on its inner surface. This layer is probably involved in venom formation and release via an apocrine type of secretion.
Bufo alvarius parotoid gland shows significant morphological and histochemical differences from that of B. marinus and more nearly resembles a typical steroid producing organ.
TL;DR: The sterol occurs at levels comparable to those of human and other mammalian brain and appears to accumulate during maturation and was detected in nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal and soluble fractions but was greatest in myelin and nerve endings fractions.
TL;DR: Skin, mature scar, normal skin and granulation tissue were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy for characteristics and differences in fine structure, especially the collagen filaments and their physical association with each other and with interstitial components of the ground matrix.
Abstract: Hypertrophic scar, mature scar, normal skin and granulation tissue were studied by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy for characteristics and differences in fine structure, especially the collagen filaments and their physical association with each other and with interstitial components of the ground matrix.
The shape of the collagen filaments is irregular and angular in granulation tissue, irregular to ovoid in hypertrophic scar, ovoid to round in mature scar, and round in normal skin. The mean diameter of the collagen filaments measures approximately 440 A in granulation tissue, 600 A in hypertrophic scar, 1000 A in mature scar, and 1050 A in normal skin.
Interstitial filaments are prominent in hypertrophic scar by TEM. In nodular areas where collagen is examined in cross section the interstitial filaments often appear to interconnect long chains of collagen filaments. The interstitial filaments are not observed by SEM. Rather, by this method of observation, the demis of hypertrophic scar is seen as a homogeneous matrix, and individual collagen filaments are not observed.
It is suggested that the hypertrophic scar is characterized by an unusually firm intercollagen binding by interstitial filaments, which are probably protein-polysaccharides of the ground matrix. This relationship could account for the clinical quality of extreme hardness of the scar, and might also suggest an aberration important in the etiology of the scar.
TL;DR: The RATA is simple and quantitative with sensitivity and specificity equal to or exceeding present tests for circulating antithyroglobulin antibodies, and has a high degree of positivity in autoimmune thyroid disorders.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is concluded that movement of dye from one fiber to another must occur across low resistance "tight junctions" in order to diffuses appreciably from one cell to another.
Abstract: Fluorescent procion dyes when iontophoresed into lens fibers through a glass capillary microelectrode appear, on gross observation, to be within a single fiber only. Fluorescent microscopy reveals, however, that the dye diffuses appreciably from one cell to another. The movement is primarily along a single column of fibers at low currents, but spreads to adjacent columns at higher currents. The dye does not enter the fibers from the extracellular space. Fibers adjacent to the electrode track seem able to exclude the dye. It is concluded that movement of dye from one fiber to another must occur across low resistance \"tight junctions.\
TL;DR: There was a strong positive correlation between the change in motor activity and the response of adenyl cyclase to norepinephrine, suggesting that the changeIn adenYL cyclase responsiveness may account for some of the increase in spontaneous activity occurring in rats after chronic reserpine treatment.
TL;DR: Early roentgenographic examination of the neck and chest is essential and usually all that is needed for the diagnosis of esophageal obstruction and potentially hazardous diagnostic procedures such as tracheoscopy and bronchoscopy should be avoided.
Abstract: Children with esophageal foreign bodies may present with a variety of respiratory symptoms and few, if any, symptoms of esophageal obstruction.Awareness of this presentation by the clinician and radiologist should lead to early diagnosis. This is most important, for if the diagnosis is not secured at an early stage, complications such as esophageal ulceration, esophageal perforation, chronic aspiration pneumonia, and failure to thrive can develop.Early roentgenographic examination of the neck (lateral view with extension and inspiration) and chest is essential and usually all that is needed for the diagnosis.Barium swallow examination may be required in some cases, but potentially hazardous diagnostic procedures such as tracheoscopy and bronchoscopy should be avoided.
TL;DR: It is concluded that marital problems have two primary etiologies in the psychiatric population, one as part of a broader depressive spectrum disorder and the other a more specific familial behavior patterning.
Abstract: The relation of marital complaints to family history was examined in a sample of 1,624 psychiatric outpatients. Marital complaints were recognized to be an aspect of a broader \"depressive spectrum disorder\" with distinctive age, gender, alcohol, and neurotic depressive symptom characteristics; however, holding constant the depressive spectrum characteristics, a specific independent relation of marital complaints to family history of parental marital discord was verified. It is concluded that marital problems have two primary etiologies in the psychiatric population, one as part of a broader depressive spectrum disorder and the other a more specific familial behavior patterning.
TL;DR: In samples from 9224 Black newborns, the prevalence of all haemoglobin abnormalities was about 13%, with 12 cases of sickle‐cell anaemia, seven of Hb‐SC disease and five of HB‐S β thalassaemia usually appeared in the first few years of life.
Abstract: Summary. Electrophoretically detectable haemoglobin abnormalities are readily identified in umbilical cord blood haemolysates by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, followed by citrate agar electrophoresis of those samples exhibiting an abnormality, and, if necessary, by globin electrophoresis. In samples from 9224 Black newborns, the prevalence of all such abnormalities was about 13%, with 12 cases of sickle-cell anaemia, seven of Hb-SC disease and five of Hb-S β thalassaemia. Clinical and haematologic manifestations of these conditions usually appeared in the first few years of life. The prevalence of sickle-cell trait was about 7%, Hb-C trait 2%, and Hb Bart's 5%. Several new or rare haemoglobins, both adult and foetal, were found in individual families.
Of 7006 White newborns, 76 or 1.1% had electrophoretically detectable haemoglobin abnormalities, all in the simple trait condition. Sixty-one of these (0.8% of the total) had Hb-Bart's and 10 had adult variants—four Hb S, four Hb C, one Hasharon and one unidentified α chain variant. Five samples contained structural γ chain abnormalities. One new variant—Hb-F Dickinson (Aγ97 HisAg), was found in two siblings.
TL;DR: Comparison of the sleep of the squirrel monkey with other primates higher on the phytogenetic scale indicated the Squirrel monkey would serve as an excellent representative for the study of primate sleep wakefulness.