Institution
University of Texas Medical Branch
Education•Galveston, Texas, United States•
About: University of Texas Medical Branch is a education organization based out in Galveston, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Virus. The organization has 22033 authors who have published 38268 publications receiving 1517502 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston & UTMB.
Topics: Population, Virus, Poison control, Immune system, Receptor
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Although ineffective immunity and high viral loads are characteristic of several viral hemorrhagic fevers, severe plasma leakage occurs at the time of viral clearance and defervescence in dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Abstract: Four families of enveloped RNA viruses, filoviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, and bunyaviruses, cause hemorrhagic fevers. These viruses are maintained in specific natural cycles involving nonhuman primates, bats, rodents, domestic ruminants, humans, mosquitoes, and ticks. Vascular instability varies from mild to fatal shock, and hemorrhage ranges from none to life threatening. The pathogenic mechanisms are extremely diverse and include deficiency of hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors owing to hepatocellular necrosis, cytokine storm, increased permeability by vascular endothelial growth factor, complement activation, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in one or more hemorrhagic fevers. The severity of disease caused by these agents varies tremendously; there are extremely high fatality rates in Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, and asymptomatic infection predominates in yellow fever and dengue viral infections. Although ineffective immunity and high viral loads are characteristic of several viral hemorrhagic fevers, severe plasma leakage occurs at the time of viral clearance and defervescence in dengue hemorrhagic fever.
245 citations
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TL;DR: The cumulative results support the original conclusion that the pedigree divergence rate for the control region is approximately 10-fold higher than that obtained with phylogenetic analyses.
Abstract: We have extended our previous analysis of the pedigree rate of control-region divergence in the human mitochondrial genome. One new germline mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was detected among 185 transmission events (generations) from five Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) pedigrees. Pooling the LHON pedigree analyses yields a control-region divergence rate of 1.0 mutation/bp/106 years (Myr). When the results from eight published studies that used a similar approach were pooled with the LHON pedigree studies, totaling >2,600 transmission events, a pedigree divergence rate of 0.95 mutations/bp/Myr for the control region was obtained with a 99.5% confidence interval of 0.53–1.57. Taken together, the cumulative results support the original conclusion that the pedigree divergence rate for the control region is ∼10-fold higher than that obtained with phylogenetic analyses. There is no evidence that any one factor explains this discrepancy, and the possible roles of mutational hotspots (rate heterogeneity), selection, and random genetic drift and the limitations of phylogenetic approaches to deal with high levels of homoplasy are discussed. In addition, we have extended our pedigree analysis of divergence in the mtDNA coding region. Finally, divergence of complete mtDNA sequences was analyzed in two tissues, white blood cells and skeletal muscle, from each of 17 individuals. In three of these individuals, there were four instances in which an mtDNA mutation was found in one tissue but not in the other. These results are discussed in terms of the occurrence of somatic mtDNA mutations.
245 citations
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TL;DR: These findings demonstrate for the first time that hydrogen peroxide, a cellular oxidant, possess the ability to activate EGFR-mediated signaling events in VSMC, which may be important in oxidant stress-induced cellular responses.
Abstract: Protein tyrosine phosphorylation events play determinant roles in cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. We have recently reported that hydrogen peroxide, an active oxygen species and a cellular oxidant, stimulates growth response events in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). To understand the mechanisms by which oxidant stress modulates these growth response events, we have studied the effect of hydrogen peroxide on protein tyrosine phosphorylation events in VSMC. Our findings show that hydrogen peroxide stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in VSMC. Hydrogen peroxide-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was found to be time dependent; with a threefold increase at 5 min and a 20-fold increase at 30 min of treatment as compared to control levels. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of VSMC also resulted in a time-dependent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC proteins. In addition, hydrogen peroxide-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR formed a complex with SHC-Grb2-SOS. These events were followed by activation of Ras and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Together these findings demonstrate for the first time that hydrogen peroxide, a cellular oxidant, possess the ability to activate EGFR-mediated signaling events in VSMC. These EGFR-mediated signaling events may be important in oxidant stress-induced cellular responses.
245 citations
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TL;DR: Measurements of single channel and whole cell cardiac Ca currents after application of two DHP agonists BAY K 8644 and CGP 28 392 show an increase in the probability that a single Ca channel, having opened and closed, will subsequently re-open during membrane depolarization.
Abstract: Dihydropyridines (DHP) have great potential for clinical use because of their inotropic and vasomotor effects. The mechanism of action is unknown although Ca currents have been implicated1,2. Here we report measurements of single channel and whole cell cardiac Ca currents after application of two DHP agonists BAY K 8644 and CGP 28 392. Whole cell Ca currents from individual myocytes were increased and the 50% effective doses (ED50) were similar to those reported for contractility in rabbit aorta and guinea pig heart1 and catecholamine release from cat adrenal glands3. The measured ED50 was also consistent with the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of a high affinity binding site present in cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles4–7. We propose that the molecular basis for these results is an increase in the probability that a single Ca channel, having opened and closed, will subsequently re-open during membrane depolarization. At high concentrations of BAY K 8644 and in the presence of 96 mM Ba, different effects are observed, primarily a marked prolongation of open time8.
245 citations
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TL;DR: Initial tumor size and neck disease are the only predictors of distant metastases and Lung is the most common DM site, making chest x‐ray the most effective DM screen.
Abstract: Distant metastases (DMs) occurred in 83 (11.4%) of 727 retrospectively studied head and neck cancer patients. Primary tumor location and initial treatment did not influence DM development; larger primaries (P < .04) or more extensive neck disease (P < .007) more often caused DMs. Initial diagnosis to DMs averaged 11.7 months (range, 0 to 60 months), with 84% diagnosed within 24 months. With the exception of laryngeal primaries, no facet of tumor, host, or initial treatment influenced where or how rapidly DMs developed. Lung was the most common DM site (83.4%), then bone (31.1%) and liver (6.0%). Survival with DMs averaged 4.3 months (range, 1 day to 2.7 years); 86.7% died within 1 year. This report yields the following conclusions: 1. Initial tumor size and neck disease are the only predictors of DMs. 2. DMs usually occur within 2 years of the initial diagnosis. 3. Lung is the most common DM site, making chest x-ray the most effective DM screen. 4. Survival with DMs is usually less than a year.
244 citations
Authors
Showing all 22143 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Stuart H. Orkin | 186 | 715 | 112182 |
Eric R. Kandel | 184 | 603 | 113560 |
John C. Morris | 183 | 1441 | 168413 |
Joseph Biederman | 179 | 1012 | 117440 |
Richard A. Gibbs | 172 | 889 | 249708 |
Timothy A. Springer | 167 | 669 | 122421 |
Gabriel N. Hortobagyi | 166 | 1374 | 104845 |
Roberto Romero | 151 | 1516 | 108321 |
Charles B. Nemeroff | 149 | 979 | 90426 |
Peter J. Schwartz | 147 | 647 | 107695 |
Clifford J. Woolf | 141 | 509 | 86164 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Edward C. Holmes | 138 | 824 | 85748 |
Jun Lu | 135 | 1526 | 99767 |
Henry T. Lynch | 133 | 925 | 86270 |