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Institution

University of Texas Medical Branch

EducationGalveston, Texas, United States
About: University of Texas Medical Branch is a education organization based out in Galveston, Texas, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Virus. The organization has 22033 authors who have published 38268 publications receiving 1517502 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston & UTMB.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Understating the changes in maternal physiology during pregnancy and their profound impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in pregnancy is essential to optimize maternal and fetal health.
Abstract: Physiologic changes in pregnancy induce profound alterations to the pharmacokinetic properties of many medications. These changes affect distribution, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of drugs, and thus may impact their pharmacodynamic properties during pregnancy. Pregnant women undergo several adaptations in many organ systems. Some adaptations are secondary to hormonal changes in pregnancy, while others occur to support the gravid woman and her developing fetus. Some of the changes in maternal physiology during pregnancy include, for example, increased maternal fat and total body water, decreased plasma protein concentrations, especially albumin, increased maternal blood volume, cardiac output, and blood flow to the kidneys and uteroplacental unit, and decreased blood pressure. The maternal blood volume expansion occurs at a larger proportion than the increase in red blood cell mass, which results in physiologic anemia and hemodilution. Other physiologic changes include increased tidal volume, partially compensated respiratory alkalosis, delayed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility, and altered activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. Understating these changes and their profound impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in pregnancy is essential to optimize maternal and fetal health.

340 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1986-Nature
TL;DR: It is reported that the production of ACTH and endorphins by leukocytes is indeed induced by synthetic CRF10 and, in turn, suppressed by dexamethasone, suggesting that, as in pituitary cells, the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene may be expressed and similarly controlled in leukocyte.
Abstract: Corticotropin releasing factor induction of leukocyte-derived immunoreactive ACTH and endorphins

340 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: During the identification period, physicians and medical staff made rapid progress in developing treatment methods to stabilize and sustain patients through the crisis period, thereby substantially improving patient survivorship; nonetheless, the mortality rate fell only to about 40%, where it remains today.
Abstract: I the spring of 1993, a previously undescribed disease emerged in the Southwest, killing 10 people during an 8-week period in May and June. Early during an infection, victims experienced flu-like symptoms for several days, but their condition suddenly and rapidly deteriorated as their lungs filled with fluids; death usually occurred within hours of the onset of this crisis period. There was no cure, no successful medication or treatment, and the disease agent (virus, bacterium, or toxin) was completely unknown. For the first few weeks, the mortality rate was 70%. Researchers from many disciplines immediately focused on the outbreak, attempting to identify the agent and understand the causes and dynamics of the disease. Within weeks, scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the agent as a previously unknown hantavirus (Bunyaviridae), subsequently named Sin Nombre virus, or SNV (Nichol et al. 1993). Because hantaviruses were known to be transmitted by rodents, investigators undertook an intensive small mammal field sampling campaign in the Four Corners region of New Mexico and Arizona. Shortly thereafter, CDC identified the viral reservoir host as a common and widely distributed rodent, the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (figure 1; Childs et al. 1994). During the identification period, on the medical side, physicians and medical staff made rapid progress in developing treatment methods to stabilize and sustain patients through the crisis period, thereby substantially improving patient survivorship; nonetheless, the mortality rate fell only to about 40%, where it remains today. The emergence of this new disease prompted many questions about its history, causes, and dynamics. Was this a newly Terry L. Yates (e-mail: tyates@unm.edu) is a professor in the Departments of Biology and Pathology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131. Cheryl A. Parmenter, Robert R. Parmenter, John R. Vande Castle, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, and Jonathan L. Dunnum are with the Department of Biology and the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico. James N. Mills, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Stuart T. Nichol, and Joni C. Young are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. Charles H. Calisher and Barry J. Beaty are with the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Kenneth D. Abbott is with the Department of Biology, Yavapai College, Prescott, AZ 86301. Michael L. Morrison is with the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721. Robert J. Baker is with the Department of Biology and The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409. Clarence J. Peters is with the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555. © 2002 American Institute of Biological Sciences. The Ecology and Evolutionary History of an Emergent Disease: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

339 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of persistent neuropsychological deficit in relation to neurological indices of acute injury severity demonstrated the prognostic significance of oculovestibular deficit.
Abstract: Long-term recovery from severe closed head injury was investigated in predominantly young adults whose Glasgow Coma score was 8 or less at the time of admission. Of the 27 patients studied (median follow-up interval of 1 year), 10 attained a good recovery, 12 were moderately disabled, and five were severely disabled. In contrast to previous studies suggesting that intellectual ability after severe closed head injury eventually recovers to a normal level, our findings showed that residual intellectual level, memory storage and retrieval, linguistic deficit, and personal social adjustment corresponded to overall outcome. All severely disabled patients and several moderately disabled patients exhibited unequivocal cognitive and emotional sequelae after long follow-up intervals. Analysis of persistent neuropsychological deficit in relation to neurological indices of acute injury severity demonstrated the prognostic significance of oculovestibular deficit.

338 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In eukaryotes, bypass of an AP site requires the sequential action of two DNA polymerases, wherein the extension step depends solely upon Polzeta, but the insertion step can be quite varied, involving not only the predominant action of the replicative DNA polymerase, Poldelta, but also the less prominent role of various translesion synthesis polymerases.
Abstract: Abasic (AP) sites are one of the most frequently formed lesions in DNA, and they present a strong block to continued synthesis by the replicative DNA machinery. Here we show efficient bypass of an AP site by the combined action of yeast DNA polymerases delta and zeta. In this reaction, Poldelta inserts an A nucleotide opposite the AP site, and Polzeta subsequently extends from the inserted nucleotide. Consistent with these observations, sequence analyses of mutations in the yeast CAN1s gene indicate that A is the nucleotide inserted most often opposite AP sites. The nucleotides C, G, and T are also incorporated, but much less frequently. Enzymes such as Rev1 and Poleta may contribute to the insertion of these other nucleotides; the predominant role of Rev1 in AP bypass, however, is likely to be structural. Steady-state kinetic analyses show that Polzeta is highly inefficient in incorporating nucleotides opposite the AP site, but it efficiently extends from nucleotides, particularly an A, inserted opposite this lesion. Thus, in eukaryotes, bypass of an AP site requires the sequential action of two DNA polymerases, wherein the extension step depends solely upon Polzeta, but the insertion step can be quite varied, involving not only the predominant action of the replicative DNA polymerase, Poldelta, but also the less prominent role of various translesion synthesis polymerases.

337 citations


Authors

Showing all 22143 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Stuart H. Orkin186715112182
Eric R. Kandel184603113560
John C. Morris1831441168413
Joseph Biederman1791012117440
Richard A. Gibbs172889249708
Timothy A. Springer167669122421
Gabriel N. Hortobagyi1661374104845
Roberto Romero1511516108321
Charles B. Nemeroff14997990426
Peter J. Schwartz147647107695
Clifford J. Woolf14150986164
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
Edward C. Holmes13882485748
Jun Lu135152699767
Henry T. Lynch13392586270
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202330
2022196
20211,616
20201,487
20191,298
20181,152