Showing papers by "University of Tokyo published in 1968"
1,680 citations
815 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that there exists a localized excited state in the energy gap in a superconductor with a classical spin and at finite concentration localized excited states around classical spins form an "impurity band".
Abstract: It is shown that there exists a localized excited state in the energy gap in a superconductor with a classical spin. At finite concentration localized excited states around classical spins form an "impurity band". The process of growth of the "impurity band" and its effects on observable quantities are investigated. § I. Introduction Since the monumental paper by Abrikosov and Gorkov 1 ) many works have been done experimentally and theoretically concerning the thermodynamic and transport properties of superconductors with small amount of paramagnetic impUrItIes. Recently several authors 2 ),3) have been interested in whe'ther loca lized excited states in the energy gap exist in a superconductor with a paramag netic impurity or not. As is well known, a paramagnetic impurity in a normal metal or a superconductor brings about the so-called Kondo effect 4 ) (a kind of quantum mechanical effects of spins) and this makes complete solutions of the problem quite difficult. In this paper we restrict our discussions to the classical spins in supercon ductors. In the s~d interaction between conduction electrons and a localized spin
720 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element approach is proposed for the solution of the continuum elastic-plastic problems by means of a plastic stress-strain matrix which is derivable by inverting the Prandtl-Reuss equations in plasticity theory.
606 citations
TL;DR: Partition coefficients for +1, +2, +3 and +4 valent trace ions between alkaline olivine basalt lava and the coexisting ortho- and clinopyroxene phenocrysts from Takashima, North Kyushu, Japan, have been determined by neutron activation analysis as mentioned in this paper.
525 citations
01 Dec 1968
TL;DR: The ultrasonic method used in this work was possibly admitted as the best way to calculate the cross-sectional area of the muscle.
Abstract: By means of the ultrasonic photography of the cross-section of the acting muscle bundle, together with the measurement of the muscle strength developed by the subject with maximum effort, the strength per unit area of the muscle was calculated in 245 healthy human subjects, including 119 male and 126 female. The result was summarized as the following:
512 citations
TL;DR: In the presence of diphtheria toxin, the adenosine diphosphate ribose portion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was transferred to aminoacyl transferase II obtained from rat liver, which resulted in a concurrent inactivation of this particular enzyme.
496 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple dynamical model of interacting Ising spins is discussed, where each spin flips spontaneously with a transition probability which depends on the temperature and the configuration of surrounding spins, but its functional form is assumed to be the simplest.
Abstract: A simple dynamical model of interacting Ising spins is discussed. Each spin is assumed to flip spontaneously with a transition probability which depends on the temperature and the configuration of surrounding spins, but its functional form is assumed to be the simplest. The frequency-wave number dependent susceptibility χ( q , ω) is given exactly in the one-dimensional case. In two-and three-dimensional cases the model is treated in the molecular field and the generalized approximations.
419 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electron diffraction intensities obtained in the present study and the rotational constants for several isotopic species reported in the literature have been analyzed by a least-squares method which combines them as joint observables.
367 citations
TL;DR: Curative effects of some drugs on the stress ulcer of the rat are reported and suitable methods are lacking for their pharmacological test.
350 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for isolation of troponin from native tropomyosin was described, which was found to bind nearly 4 moles of Ca per 10 5 g, of which most were exchangeable.
Abstract: 1. A method for isolation of troponin from native tropomyosin was described. 2. Troponin in combination with tropomyosin restored the whole activity of native tropomyosin in sensitizing the interaction of myosin and actin to Ca ion. 3. Troponin was found to bind nearly 4 moles of Ca per 10 5 g, of which most were exchangeable. The result of the experiment to determine the binding constant of these Ca binding sites was explained by assuming that half of the binding sites possessed a binding constant of 1.3×10 6 M -1 and the remaining half 5×10 4 M -1 . 4. The amount of exchangeable Ca in the contractile system was mainly accounted for by the Ca-binding capacity of troponin, which was not influenced by other contractile proteins or ATP. 5. Cardiac troponin showed a much higher affinity for Sr ion than skeletal troponin. The ratio of the former affinity to the latter was in good agreement with the ratio of the sensitivity to Sr ion of a reconstituted contractile system containing cardiac troponin to that containing skeletal troponin. Based on these findings and the results described above, it was concluded that the sensitivity of a contractile system to Ca ion is solely dependent upon the affinity for Ca ion of the troponin molecule present. 6. The mechanism of troponin regulation of the interaction of actin and myosin was discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the ferroelectric phase transition in [K-PO 4 ]-type crystals is explained by the coupling between the proton tunneling mode and the optical mode vibration of the complexes along the c-axis.
Abstract: Dynamical aspects of the ferroelectric phase transition in KH 2 PO 4 -type crystals are elucidated on the basis of the coupling between the proton tunneling mode and the optical mode vibration of the [K-PO 4 ] complexes along the c-axis. Two coupled modes are obtained within the framework of a linear theory. The mode in which both systems oscillate in phase is shown to be responsible for the ferroelectric phase transition. The isotope effect in the Curie point is explained qualitatively and the Curie constant is estimated.
TL;DR: Moreton's wave phenomenon, observed to propagate across the solar disk during certain solar flares, may be explained as the intersection line between an expanding coronal wavefront surface and the chromosphere.
Abstract: Moreton's wave phenomenon, observed to propagate across the solar disk during certain solar flares, may be explained as the intersection line between an expanding coronal wavefront surface and the chromosphere: The propagation of a hydromagnetic disturbance in a spherically symmetric model corona with a radial magnetic field is studied in the WKB-approximation, and the propagation paths of wavepackets, the shape of the wavefronts expanding in time, and the variation of the direction of material oscillation along the paths are discussed for disturbances in hydromagnetic wave modes. It is shown that the wavefront expanding in fast-mode in the corona has a circular intersection line with the chromosphere, which sweeps on the solar surface with a velocity and a direction of material oscillation just favorable for explaining the observed features of the phenomenon.
TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic optical spectra of binary solid solutions can be classified into two types, persistence and amalgamation types, and various situations realized in mixed crystals are discussed in the light of the experimental information.
Abstract: The intrinsic optical spectra of substitutional binary solid solutions can be classified into two types, persistence and amalgamation types. In the former, two structures corresponding to the two constituent substances do persist. In the latter, they are amalgamated in a single one. A unifying theoretical expression is obtained by which both the persistence and the amalgamation types can be described. Numerical results based on that expression are given assuming a simple form for the state density of the band. On the basis of them, various situations realized in mixed crystals are discussed in the light of the experimental information, with particular emphasis on the behavior of the optical spectra with the change in composition.
TL;DR: GEDTA is well suited for this purpose and has, therefore, been widely used in determining the concentration of Ca ions and the binding constant of GEDTA used in these experiments was not determined.
Abstract: GEDTA (glycoletherdiaminetetraacetic acid, EGTA), a chelating agent which has a selective affinity for Ca ions compared with Mg ions, has greatly contributed to the clarification of the essential role of Ca ions in the contraction-relaxation cycle (1, 2). Since the concentration of Ca ions involved in physiological process is very low, i.e., not more than 10-5M, indirect measurement by means of a Ca-buffer is more feasible than direct measurement (2, 3). Because of its Ca specificity GEDTA is well suited for this purpose and has, therefore, been widely used in determining the concentration of Ca ions (2, 3). The binding constant of GEDTA used in these experiments was not determined
TL;DR: It was concluded that the mite is one of the major antigenic substances in house dust, and mites most likely have cross-antigenicity with each other.
TL;DR: The antigen was not an invariable serum antigen in patients who received blood transfusion and in patients with viral hepatitis, and the antibodies against Australia antigen were found not only in the recipients of Australia antigen positive but also of Australia antibody negative blood.
Abstract: Summary. Frequency of Australia antigen in blood donors of the Tokyo area was estimated nearly 1%. A higher frequency in male donors was observed. The antigen was not an invariable serum antigen in patients who received blood transfusion and in patients with viral hepatitis. The antigen was found often only in the early phase of viral hepatitis. The appearance of Australia antigen did not always accompany clinical nor biochemical hepatitis. The antibodies against Australia antigen were found not only in the recipients of Australia antigen positive but also of Australia antigen negative blood. The nature of the antigen and its significance in blood transfusion were discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the crystal distortion of each phase was determined and it was shown that BiMnO 3 is ferromagnetic below 103°K, while BiCrO 3 was inferred to be antiferromagnetic under 123°K accompanied with weak ferromagnetic moment.
Abstract: Magnetic perovskites BiMnO 3 and BiCrO 3 were synthesized under very high pressures. There are phase transitions at 500°K and 410°K at atmospheric pressure for BiMnO 3 and BiCrO 3 respectively, and the crystal distortion of each phase was determined. BiMnO 3 is ferromagnetic below 103°K, while BiCrO 3 is inferred to be antiferromagnetic below 123°K accompanied with weak ferromagnetic moment. BiCrO 3 has an abnormally large effective Bohr magneton number at room temperature phase. The distortion of BiMnO 3 decreases slightly below the ferromagnetic Curie point.
TL;DR: In this article, the spectrum shift during decay and with excitation intensity are made for the broad-band luminescences in ZnS phosphors due to Ib activator and IIIb or VIIb coactivator, in order to investigate the luminescence mechanism.
TL;DR: Bleomycin was observed to inhibit DNA and protein syntheses in intact Escherichia coli, Ehrlich carcinoma and HeLa cells, with a reduction in the number of mitotic figures of growing He La cells, indicating that the antibiotic interfered with the mitotic process.
Abstract: Bleomycin was observed to inhibit DNA and protein syntheses in intact Escherichia coli, Ehrlich carcinoma and HeLa cells. DNA synthesis was more profoundly affected than protein synthesis. RNA synthesis was not significantly suppressed by the antibiotic. The activity of bleomycin was highly dependent on the number of cells and on the concentration of phosphate in the medium, being more pronounced at low concentration of phosphate and with fewer cells. Bleomycin complex, copper-free bleomycin A2, copper-chelating bleomycin A2 (Cu 2.6 % w/w) and copper-saturated bleomycin A2 (Cu 5.1 %) were studied. All of them exhibited substantially the same activity. Bleomycin caused elongation of E. coli cells and enlargement of HeLa cells, with a reduction in the number of mitotic figures of growing HeLa cells, indicating that the antibiotic interfered with the mitotic process.
TL;DR: In this article, the Fermi coupling off-diagonal elements of carbon dioxide have been determined by the least squares method from spectroscopic data on C12O216 and C13O216 together with the four third-order parameters.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of polarization on the Raman spectra of single crystals of naphthalene and anthracene have been measured by the use of an argon ion gas laser as an exciting light source.
TL;DR: The so-called “9 + 2” fibres (microtubules) are one of the chief ultrastructures in both flagella and cilia, and can be isolated with minimum contamination of other components.
Abstract: PHYSICOCHEMICAL characterization of components of flagella and cilia is essential for an understanding of the mechanisms underlying flagellar and ciliary movement. The so-called “9 + 2” fibres (microtubules) are one of the chief ultrastructures in both flagella and cilia, and can be isolated with minimum contamination of other components1,2.
TL;DR: Cracks were observed forming at the surface of Makaopuhi lava lake during the March 1965 Kilauea eruption, and were studied by repeated mapping and observations of this lake; the 1963 Alae lava lake was similarly studied as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Cracks were observed forming at the surface of Makaopuhi lava lake during the March 1965 Kilauea eruption, and were studied by repeated mapping and observations of this lake; the 1963 Alae lava lake was similarly studied. Cracks open within a minute after molten lava is exposed at the surface, and form either random or oriented orthogonal networks which outline large plates of unjointed crust. Within a few hours, additional cracks subdivide the plates into polygons averaging 15 ft in width. The accumulation of gases trapped beneath the crust near centers of polygons, and the escape of gases from marginal parts, cause upbowing of polygon centers and downsagging of margins. As the crust cools and increases in thickness following stagnation of the lake, existing cracks extend downward and new cracks open. Some new cracks subdivide pre-existing polygons, and short cracks of shallow depth form near polygon centers. Still other cracks apparently open at depths of tens of feet within the crust, propagate upward, and finally feather out near the surface into short cracks which are concentrated in long swarms that cross several polygons. Cracks initiate at temperatures ranging from ambient to about 900°C, and propagate downward into parts of the crust near 1000°C. Cracking results from stresses induced largely by thermal contraction, but also by differential subsidence of the crust. Seismic recordings of shock vibrations due to cracking of Kilauea Iki lava lake indicate a diurnal variation in frequency, with a maximum around midnight and a minimum around noon.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that andesite magmas originate from basalt through fractionation is supported for the following reasons: 1) A close association of andesites and dacite with basalt in many volcanoes and a complete gradation in chemistry and mineralogy throughout this suite.
Abstract: The hypothesis that andesite magmas originate from basalt magmas through fractionation is supported for the following reasons: 1) A close association of andesite and dacite with basalt in many volcanoes and a complete gradation in chemistry and mineralogy throughout this suite. 2) Formation of andesite magmas from basalt magmas by differentiation in situ of some intrusive and extrusive bodies. 3) Agreement between the calculated compositions of solid materials to be subtracted from basalt magmas to yield andesite magmas and the observed mineralogy of phenocrysts in these rocks. 4) Higher alkali contents in andesite and dacite associated with high-alumina basalt than in those associated with tholeiite. 5) A complete gradation from the high iron concentration trend of basalt magma fractionation (Skaergaard) to the low or noniron concentration trend (the calc-alkali series) which can be ascribed to the difference of the stage of magnetite crystallization. 6) Similarity between the orogenic rock suite and plateau basalts in the preferential eruption of magmas of middle fractionation stage, givin rise to the great volume of andesite in the orogenic belts and iron-rich basalt in the plateau lavas. Petrological and seismic refraction studies suggest that a great volume of gabbroic materials are present in the lower crust underneath the volcanic belts as a complementary material for the andesite lavas. The island arc structure would develop by repeated eruption of andesite on the surface and by thickening of the oceanic crust underneath the arc due to the addition of gabbroic materials. The suitable portion of the lower crust may be subjected to partial melting to produce granitic magma in the later stage of development of the arc, successively changing it to a part of the adjacent continent.
TL;DR: Melting relations for the MgSiO 3 composition have been studied at pressures between 5 and 30 kb under hydrous conditions as discussed by the authors, and the melting interval where forsterite, liquid, and vapor co-exist is 30° to 50° C in the pressure range 10 to 30 kb.
Abstract: Melting relations for the MgSiO 3 composition have been studied at pressures between 5 and 30 kb under hydrous conditions. The beginning of melting of enstatite is about 1360°, 1280°, and 1270° C at 10, 20, and 30 kb, respectively. The incongruent melting behavior of enstatite, which disappears at pressures higher than about 5 kb under anhydrous conditions, persists to at least 30 kb water pressure. The melting interval where forsterite, liquid, and vapor co-exist is 30° to 50° C in the pressure range 10 to 30 kb, compared with about 20° at 1 atm. Below the solidus the assemblage enstatite + forsterite + vapor is obtained from the MgSiO 3 composition, because the vapor probably contained silica in excess of that in stoichiometric MgSiO 3 . The maximum content of H 2 O that dissolves in the initial H 2 O-saturated melt, determined by the phase-assemblage method, is about 11 weight percent at 10 kb. It is suggested that silica-saturated magmas such as a quartz tholeiite magma may be generated at considerable depths (at least up to 100 km) under hydrous conditions, either by direct partial melting of peridotites or by fractional crystallization of olivine tholeiitic magmas. Even if the H 2 O content is small, its effect cannot be disregarded.
TL;DR: In this article, the rotational constants of the butene-1 molecule were determined from the ground vibrational states of the skeleton of the molecule in two rotational isomers, the cis and the skew forms.