Showing papers by "University of Tokyo published in 1985"
TL;DR: The nucleus of the known Li isotopes showed a remarkably large radius suggesting a large deformation or a long tail in the matter distribution, and was observed for the first time.
Abstract: Interaction cross sections (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{I}$) for all known Li isotopes ($^{6}\mathrm{Li}$-$^{11}\mathrm{Li}$) and $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$, $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$, and $^{10}\mathrm{Be}$ on targets Be, C, and Al have been measured at 790 MeV/nucleon. Root mean square radii of these isotopes as well as He isotopes have been deduced from the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{I}$ by a Glauber-type calculation. Appreciable differences of radii among isobars ($^{6}\mathrm{He}$-$^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, $^{8}\mathrm{He}$-$^{8}\mathrm{Li}$, and $^{9}\mathrm{Li}$-$^{9}\mathrm{Be}$) have been observed for the first time. The nucleus $^{11}\mathrm{Li}$ showed a remarkably large radius suggesting a large deformation or a long tail in the matter distribution.
1,384 citations
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04 Sep 1985TL;DR: In this paper, a general theory of spin fluctuations and thermodynamical properties of itinerant electron magnets is developed, interpolating between the weakly and strongly ferromagnetic limits, and a unified expression is given for the Curie temperature and the physical meaning of the curie-Weiss magnetic susceptibility is discussed.
Abstract: A general theory of spin fluctuations and thermodynamical properties of itinerant electron magnets is developed, interpolating between the weakly and strongly ferromagnetic limits. A unified expression is given for the Curie temperature and the physical meaning of the Curie-Weiss magnetic susceptibility is discussed. As new phenomena derived from this theory the temperature-induced local magnetic moments as observed in CoS2, CoSe2, etc. and peculiar magnetic and thermal properties of nearly ferromagnetic semiconductors such as FeSi are discussed.
1,321 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that IgG isolated from normal individuals, patients with RA and patients with OA contains different distributions of asparagine-linked bi-antennary complex-type oligosaccharide structures, and these two arthritides may therefore be glycosylation diseases, reflecting changes in the intracellular processing, or post-secretory degradation of N-linked oligOSaccharides.
Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widely prevalent (1-3%) chronic systemic disease thought to have an autoimmune component; both humoral and cellular mechanisms have been implicated. Primary osteoarthritis (OA) is considered to be distinct from rheumatoid arthritis, and here damage is thought to be secondary to cartilage degeneration. In rheumatoid arthritis, immune complexes are present that consist exclusively of immunoglobulin, implying that this is both the 'antibody' (rheumatoid factor [RF]) and the 'antigen' (most commonly IgG). Autoantigenic reactivity has been localized to the constant-region (C gamma 2) domains of IgG. There is no evidence for a polypeptide determinant but carbohydrate changes have been reported. We have therefore conducted a study, simultaneously in Oxford and Tokyo, to compare in detail the N-glycosylation pattern of serum IgG (Fig. 1) isolated from normal individuals and from patients with either primary osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. The results, which required an evaluation of the primary sequences of approximately 1,400 oligosaccharides from 46 IgG samples, indicate that: (1) IgG isolated from normal individuals, patients with RA and patients with OA contains different distributions of asparagine-linked bi-antennary complex-type oligosaccharide structures, (2) in neither disease is the IgG associated with novel oligosaccharide structures, but the observed differences are due to changes in the relative extent of galactosylation compared with normal individuals. This change results in a 'shift' in the population of IgG molecules towards those carrying complex oligosaccharides, one or both of whose arms terminate in N-acetylglucosamine. These two arthritides may therefore be glycosylation diseases, reflecting changes in the intracellular processing, or post-secretory degradation of N-linked oligosaccharides.
1,166 citations
TL;DR: S. cerevisiae strains containing RAS2val19, a Ras2 gene with a missense mutation analogous to one that activates the transforming potential of mammalian ras genes, have growth and biochemical properties strikingly similar to yeast strains carrying IAC or bcy1.
995 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm is presented that uses only only c√N messages to create mutual exclusion in a computernetwork, where N is the number of nodes and c is a constant between 3 and 5.
Abstract: An algorithm is presented that uses only c√N messages to create mutual exclusion in a computernetwork, where N is the number of nodes and c a constant between 3 and 5. The algorithm issymmetric and allows fully parallel operation.
782 citations
TL;DR: Southern blot analysis showed close similarity of the restriction patterns of the rat c-erbB-2 gene and the rat neu oncogene, suggesting possible involvement of c- Derbyshire-related DNA clones in human cancer.
Abstract: From a human genomic library, we obtained six v-erbB-related DNA clones. A DNA probe prepared from one of the clones, lambda 107, hybridized to EcoRI fragments of 6.4 and 13 kilobase pairs of human DNA. Neither of these fragments was amplified in A431 vulva carcinoma cells, in which the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor is amplified. In addition, the probe from lambda 107 hybridized with a single, 4.8-kilobase poly(A)+ RNA species and did not react with EGF receptor mRNA. Thus, we conclude that clone lambda 107 represents a v-erbB-related gene (c-erbB-2) that is distinct from the EGF receptor gene. In contrast, the other five clones were shown to represent the EGF receptor gene (c-erbB-1). Partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the lambda 107 insert showed that this clone contained at least seven putative exons and that six of them could encode the kinase domain characteristic of protein products of the src oncogene family. Southern blot analysis showed close similarity of the restriction patterns of the rat c-erbB-2 gene and the rat neu oncogene, suggesting possible involvement of c-erbB-2 in human cancer. In fact, approximately 30-fold amplification of c-erbB-2 was observed in a human adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland.
628 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a subgrid-scale (SGS) kinetic energy model for the large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows is constructed with the aid of the statistical results obtained from the two-scale direct-interaction approximation.
Abstract: A subgrid-scale (SGS) kinetic energy model for the large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows is constructed with the aid of the statistical results obtained from the two-scale direct-interaction approximation. In this model, the SGS Reynolds stress is written in terms of a generalized SGS eddy-viscosity representation which is expressed by using the SGS kinetic energy and the characteristic grid width. A model equation for the SGS kinetic energy is combined with the grid-scale Navier-Stokes and continuity equations to lead to an LES model of one-equation type. The usual Smagorinsky model is derived as its special case, and critical comparison is made between them.
560 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method, WEDG (wire electro-discharge grinding), for EDM'ing very thin rods is proposed, where travelling wire is used as the tool electrode.
519 citations
TL;DR: A virus vector to introduce foreign genes, for example, the gene for human α-Interferon (IFN-α), into silkworms is developed, which has an advantage over the baculovirus Autographa californica NPV in that it has a narrower host range and will not grow in wild insect pests in the field.
Abstract: Microorganisms are generally used for mass production of foreign gene products, but multicellular organisms such as plants have been proposed as an economical alternative. The silkworm may be useful in this context as it can be cultured easily and at low cost. We have therefore developed a virus vector to introduce foreign genes, for example, the gene for human alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha), into silkworms. We used the baculovirus Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) which has a large (greater than 100 kilobases, kb) double-stranded circular DNA genome within its rod-shaped capsid. Baculoviruses have been used previously as vectors for expression of beta-interferon and beta-galactosidase in established cell lines. Although BmNPV has not been used previously as an expression vector, it has an advantage over the baculovirus Autographa californica NPV in that it has a narrower host range and will not grow in wild insect pests in the field. In the present study, the polyhedrin gene encoding the major inclusion body protein of BmNPV was identified by hybridization with complementary DNA and cloned in a plasmid. For insertion of foreign genes, we constructed a recombinant plasmid carrying a polylinker linked to the promoter of the polyhedrin gene, and inserted the IFN-alpha gene into this plasmid. The resulting plasmid and the BmNPV genomic DNA were co-transfected into BM-N cells, and stable recombinant viruses isolated by plaque assay on BM-N cells. The recombinant virus replicated in silkworm larvae, which synthesized as much as 5 X 10(7) units (approximately 50 micrograms) of interferon in their haemolymph.
495 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction cross sections (σI) of all He isotopes of 790 MeV/nucleon on Be, C, and Al targets were measured by a transmission-type experiment.
479 citations
TL;DR: Thirty-three small “flat adenomas,” not more than 1 cm in diameter, were collected from surgically and colonoscopically removed specimens, and their colonoscopic and histologic characteristics were described.
Abstract: Thirty-three small "flat adenomas," not more than 1 cm in diameter, were collected from surgically and colonoscopically removed specimens, and their colonoscopic and histologic characteristics were described. There were 14 adenomas with mild atypia, five with moderate atypia, 14 with severe atypia (or focal carcinoma limited to the mucosa). The grade of atypia seems to increase with the size of lesions, and these lesions were assumed to play an important role in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The importance of recognizing the presence of these small "flat adenomas" in everyday practice is stressed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the defect structure of perovskite-type oxide solid solution La1−xSrxFeO3−δ (x = 0.015) was measured as a function of oxygen partial pressure, PO2, at temperatures up to 1200°C by means of the thermogravimetric method.
TL;DR: The crystal structure of the martensite in Ti-49.2 at.%Ni alloy was analyzed by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method in a straightforward manner.
TL;DR: An analytic form of zero-field (ZF) muon-spin-relaxation function has been derived to describe the depolarization of muon spins in static, dynamic, and coexisting static and dynamic random local fields from magnetic impurities.
Abstract: Zero- and longitudinal-field muon-spin relaxation (ZF \ensuremath{\mu}SR and LF \ensuremath{\mu}SR) measurements have been applied to dilute-alloy spin glasses AuFe(1.0 and 1.4 at %) and CuMn(1.1, 3, and 5 at. %). A stochastic theory of muon-spin relaxation has been formulated, and an analytic form of zero-field (ZF) muon-spin-relaxation function has been derived to describe the depolarization of muon spins in static, dynamic, and coexisting static and dynamic random local fields from magnetic impurities. The observed experimental results for the muon-spin-relaxation function ${G}_{z}$(t) in all the specimens have been well explained by the model functions based on the present theory. Depolarization of muon spins due to the rapidly fluctuating dynamic local field has been indicated by the ``root-exponential'' shape of ${G}_{z}$(t) observed above the susceptibility-cusp temperature ${T}_{g}$. The spin correlation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$ of Mn (or Fe) moment, deduced from the dynamic depolarization rate of muon spins, shows a rapid change from ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}12}$ sec at T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}2${T}_{g}$ towards ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}$ sec at T\ensuremath{\sim}${T}_{g}$ in all the specimens. Coexistence of static and dynamic random fields at each muon site has been found by ZF and LF \ensuremath{\mu}SR below ${T}_{g}$. The average amplitude ${\mathrm{scra}}_{s}$ of static random fields, determined precisely by ZF \ensuremath{\mu}SR, attains finite values only below ${T}_{g}$, and increases towards the full amplitude ${\mathrm{scra}}_{0}$ at T=0. ${\mathrm{scra}}_{s}$/${\mathrm{scra}}_{0}$ is proportional to the static polarization of Mn (or Fe) moment, and its temperature dependence has been found to be consistent with a M\"ossbauer-effect study in AuFe. The squared quantity (${\mathrm{scra}}_{s}$/${\mathrm{scra}}_{o}$${)}^{2}$ of ZF \ensuremath{\mu}SR shows good agreement with the static order parameter Q(T) determined by ac-susceptibility (${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{ac})}$ and by neutron-spin-echo (NSE) measurements for cut-off pieces of the same specimen. In view of the fundamental difference of the hyperfine-field--type from the susceptibility-type measurements, this comparison reveals that spin freezing is characterized by a rather homogeneous amplitude of static spin polarization among different spins in spin glasses, i.e., ``homogeneous freezing.'' The combined results of ZF \ensuremath{\mu}SR, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ and NSE measurements in AuFe and CuMn spin glasses have demonstrated rapid slowing down of impurity spin fluctuations above ${T}_{g}$, and the appearance of long-time, persisting static spin polarization below ${T}_{g}$.
TL;DR: The structure of the chromophore of an antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin has been elucidated as a bicycro[7,3,0]dodecadiyne system having naphthalenecarboxylic acid, aminosugar and ethylene carbonate units as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: By analysing sections of distal femurs in the computer, and by making direct measurements, the posterior femoral condyles were shown to closely fit spherical surfaces.
TL;DR: The results show that a short time of conjunctive stimulation of climbing fibres and parallel fibres results in a long-lasting depression of the parallel fibre responses and that this depression can be prevented if the Purkinje cells are inhibited during the conj unctive stimulation.
TL;DR: Transfer-matrix methods for quantum spin systems are formulated and their limiting properties are studied rigorously and an implementation of the two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnetic quantum Heisenberg model is proposed.
Abstract: Transfer-matrix methods for quantum spin systems are formulated and their limiting properties are studied rigorously. The present formulation is applied explicitly to an exactly soluble transverse Ising model. A computer implementation of the two-dimensional triangular antiferromagnetic quantum Heisenberg model is also proposed to study Anderson's picture of the dynamic coherence of the phase of singlet pairs.
TL;DR: A review of the literature on fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites can be found in this paper, where fabrication methods, mechanical properties, secondary working techniques and interfaces are discussed.
TL;DR: The results of the present study are interpreted as an experimental evidence for the involvement of the hippocampus in DR task.
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest that maturation of MuLV from "immature" to "mature" form of virus particles is indispensable to virus infectivity.
TL;DR: In this article, the principles and features of six polarization state control schemes have been reviewed, including two new attempts, one using Faraday rotators and the other using rotatable fiber cranks.
Abstract: In heterodyne or homodyne optical fiber communications, the fluctuation of the polarization state in the fiber may deteriorate the receiver sensitivity. This paper reviews the principles and features of six polarization-state control schemes so far proposed, including two new attempts, one using Faraday rotators and the other using rotatable fiber cranks (RFC's), both of which have been proposed very recently. Experiments simulating actual optical heterodyne receivers are also described.
TL;DR: The present paper deals with the rate of in vitro degradation of PLA microcapsules in various environmental conditions.
Abstract: In recent years, the use of polylactide (PLA), a synthetic biodegradable polymer, as drug-loaded matrix has been examined in the hope that the matrix will decay and decompose after releasing the drug in a sustained manner over a long period of time in the human body[1–8]. However, no detailed work has been done on the degradation rate of PLA even under in vitro conditions. The present paper deals with the rate of in vitro degradation of PLA microcapsules in various environmental conditions.
TL;DR: The autistic children with speech loss had developed a limited meaningful vocabulary earlier, but demonstrated more retarded mental development several years after their speech loss than those without such regression.
Abstract: Of 261 children with infantile autism, 97 (37.2%) showed a total loss of the articulation of meaningful words before 30 months of age (speech loss). Speech loss tended to appear more frequently in girls than boys. The median age of onset of speech loss was 18 months. Most of the lost words were those of ordinary baby talk. The autistic children with speech loss had developed a limited meaningful vocabulary earlier, but demonstrated more retarded mental development several years after their speech loss than those without such regression. The causation and the clinical importance of speech loss are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the superconductivity with the onset temperature as high as 8 K in the organic conductor of bis-ethylenedithio otetrathiofulvalene-triiodide.
Abstract: We report the superconductivity with the onset temperature as high as 8 K in the organic conductor of β-(BEDT-TTF) 2 I 3 , bis-ethylenedithio otetrathiofulvalene-triiodide. The increased superconducting transition temperature was achieved by an application of a soft pressure, i.e. 1.3 kb. High value of the upper critical field, H c2 was observed. ( H c2 >13 kOe at 1.5 K along the c * -axis.)
TL;DR: In this article, changes in resistivity and chemical changes in reducing gases were measured for porous zinc oxide ceramics with and without a platinum catalyst at 300° and 400°C to examine the gas sensing mechanism and the effect of platinum additions.
Abstract: Changes in resistivity and chemical changes in reducing gases were measured for porous zinc oxide ceramics with and without a platinum catalyst at 300° and 400°C to examine the gas sensing mechanism and the effect of platinum additions. Reducing gases were oxidized to CO2 and Hz2 on the sensor surfaces. Platinum addition promoted the oxidation of reducing gases but did not lead to an increase in the resistivity change at 400°C. The reaction sequences for the gas sensing process are proposed, taking into account partially oxidized intermediates of hydrocarbons and oxidation on platinum without an electron transfer process.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the erythrocyte ghost membranes are oxidized by a free radical chain mechanism by molecular oxygen, among the fatty acids of membrane lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids were oxidized exclusively.
TL;DR: In this article, a variational wave function for the Kondo-lattice limit of the periodic Anderson model is evaluated with a Gutzwiller approximation, and the effective mass and charge and spin susceptibilities are evaluated, and only in the case of large degeneracy and not too small hybridization strength is a heavy-Fermi-liquid state stable against magnetic order.
Abstract: A variational wave function for the Kondo-lattice limit of the periodic Anderson model is evaluated with a Gutzwiller approximation. We obtain a characteristic energy from this coherent wave function of the Kondo form but with a different exponent in the case of finite degeneracy. The effective mass and charge and spin susceptibilities are evaluated, and only in the case of large degeneracy and not too small hybridization strength is a heavy-Fermi-liquid state stable against magnetic order.
TL;DR: Suppressor mutants of mei1–102, a mutation in one of the mating type cassette genes (mat2-P) which blocks the progression into meiosis, were isolated and characterized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and can sporulate from the haploid state.
Abstract: Suppressor mutants of mei1–102, a mutation in one of the mating type cassette genes (mat2-P) which blocks the progression into meiosis, were isolated and characterized in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These suppressor mutations conferred either temperature-sensitivity or cold-sensitivity. The growth of these strains is halted and sporulation initiated at the restrictive temperatures, regardless of other conditions usually required for the initiation of meiosis i.e. they sporulate in the presence of a nitrogen source and mating type homozygosity. Their most striking feature is that they can sporulate from the haploid state. The haploidy of these mutants was confirmed by genetical analysis and by measurement of the DNA content of the cells. The mutants are all recessive and define a single gene pat1. The pat1 gene maps very close to the centromere of chromosome II. A meiosis defective mutation in mei5 can suppress the temperature-sensitivity caused by pat1, indicating some interaction between them. Spores produced from a haploid cell have poor viability and appear to contain only 1/2C DNA on average.