University of Trento

About: University of Trento is a education organization based out in Trento, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 10527 authors who have published 30978 publications receiving 896614 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitá degli Studi di Trento & Universita degli Studi di Trento.

PCAT-1, a long noncoding RNA, regulates BRCA2 and controls homologous recombination in cancer

Abstract: Impairment of double-stranded DNA break (DSB) repair is essential to many cancers. However, although mutations in DSB repair proteins are common in hereditary cancers, mechanisms of impaired DSB repair in sporadic cancers remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe the first role for a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in DSB repair in prostate cancer. We identify PCAT-1 , a prostate cancer outlier lncRNA, which regulates cell response to genotoxic stress. PCAT-1 expression produces a functional deficiency in homologous recombination through its repression of the BRCA2 tumor suppressor, which, in turn, imparts a high sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors of PARP1 . These effects reflected a posttranscriptional repression of the BRCA2 3′UTR by PCAT-1 . Our observations thus offer a novel mechanism of “BRCAness” in sporadic cancers. Cancer Res; 74(6); 1651–60. ©2014 AACR .

Evidence for Collective Multiparticle Correlations in p-Pb Collisions

Abstract: The second-order azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics, v2, are obtained in pPb and PbPb collisions over a wide pseudorapidity (eta) range based on correlations among six or more charged particles. The pPb data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse nanobarns, were collected during the 2013 LHC pPb run at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV by the CMS experiment. A sample of semi-peripheral PbPb collision data at sqrt(s[NN])= 2.76 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.5 inverse microbarns and covering a similar range of particle multiplicities as the pPb data, is also analyzed for comparison. The six- and eight-particle cumulant and the Lee-Yang zeros methods are used to extract the v2 coefficients, extending previous studies of two- and four-particle correlations. For both the pPb and PbPb systems, the v2 values obtained with correlations among more than four particles are consistent with previously published four-particle results. These data support the interpretation of a collective origin for the previously observed long-range (large Delta[eta]) correlations in both systems. The ratios of v2 values corresponding to correlations including different numbers of particles are compared to theoretical predictions that assume a hydrodynamic behavior of a pPb system dominated by fluctuations in the positions of participant nucleons. These results provide new insights into the multi-particle dynamics of collision systems with a very small overlapping region.

Role of the interface region on the optoelectronic properties of silicon nanocrystals embedded in SiO 2

Abstract: Light-emitting silicon nanocrystals embedded in ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ have been investigated by x-ray absorption measurements in total electron and photoluminescence yields, by energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and by ab initio total energy calculations. Both experimental and theoretical results show that the interface between the silicon nanocrystals and the surrounding ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ is not sharp: an intermediate region of amorphous nature and variable composition links the crystalline Si with the amorphous stoichiometric ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}.$ This region plays an active role in the light-emission process.

Entropy and universality of Cardy-Verlinde formula in dark energy universe

Abstract: We study the entropy of a FRW universe filled with dark energy (cosmological constant, quintessence, or phantom). For the general or time-dependent equation of state $p=w\ensuremath{\rho}$ the entropy is expressed in terms of energy, Casimir energy, and w. The corresponding expression is reminiscent of the 2D conformal field theory (CFT) entropy only for conformal matter. At the same time, the cosmological Cardy-Verlinde formula relating three typical FRW universe entropies remains universal for any type of matter. The same conclusions hold in modified gravity, which represents the gravitational alternative for dark energy and which contains terms that increase at low curvature. It is interesting that black holes in modified gravity are more entropic than those in Einstein gravity. Finally, some hydrodynamical examples testing the new shear viscosity bound, which is expected to be the consequence of the holographic entropy bound, are presented for the early Universe in the plasma era and for the Kasner metric. It seems that the Kasner metric provides a counterexample to the new shear viscosity bound.