Institution
University of Trento
Education•Trento, Italy•
About: University of Trento is a education organization based out in Trento, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 10527 authors who have published 30978 publications receiving 896614 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitá degli Studi di Trento & Universita degli Studi di Trento.
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TL;DR: This study shows that semantic dementia is associated with anatomical damage to the major superior and inferior temporal white matter connections of the left hemisphere likely involved in semantic and lexical processes, with relative sparing of the fronto-parietal superior longitudinal fasciculus.
Abstract: Cognitive deficits in semantic dementia have been attributed to anterior temporal lobe grey matter damage; however, key aspects of the syndrome could be due to altered anatomical connectivity between language pathways involving the temporal lobe. The aim of this study was to investigate the left language-related cerebral pathways in semantic dementia using diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography and to combine the findings with cortical anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging data obtained during a reading activation task. The left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus and fronto-parietal superior longitudinal fasciculus were tracked in five semantic dementia patients and eight healthy controls. The left uncinate fasciculus and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum were also obtained for comparison with previous studies. From each tract, mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, as well as parallel and transverse diffusivities were obtained. Diffusion tensor imaging results were related to grey and white matter atrophy volume assessed by voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging activations during a reading task. Semantic dementia patients had significantly higher mean diffusivity, parallel and transverse in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. The arcuate and uncinate fasciculi demonstrated significantly higher mean diffusivity, parallel and transverse and significantly lower fractional anisotropy. The fronto-parietal superior longitudinal fasciculus was relatively spared, with a significant difference observed for transverse diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, only. In the corpus callosum, the genu showed lower fractional anisotropy compared with controls, while no difference was found in the splenium. The left parietal cortex did not show significant volume changes on voxel-based morphometry and demonstrated normal functional magnetic resonance imaging activation in response to reading items that stress sublexical phonological processing. This study shows that semantic dementia is associated with anatomical damage to the major superior and inferior temporal white matter connections of the left hemisphere likely involved in semantic and lexical processes, with relative sparing of the fronto-parietal superior longitudinal fasciculus. Fronto-parietal regions connected by this tract were activated normally in the same patients during sublexical reading. These findings contribute to our understanding of the anatomical changes that occur in semantic dementia, and may further help to explain the dissociation between marked single-word and object knowledge deficits, but sparing of phonology and fluency in semantic dementia.
222 citations
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TL;DR: This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition and represents the first example of maternal inheritance of b ifidob bacterial phages in infants following a vertical transmission route.
Abstract: The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother’s fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. We identified bifidobacterial strains/communities that are shared between mothers and their corresponding newborns. Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route.
222 citations
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TL;DR: The Kibble-Zurek mechanism is known to be responsible for the spontaneous creation of solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate as mentioned in this paper, and has been shown to be capable of the spontaneous formation of defects in systems undergoing a second-order phase transition at a finite rate.
Abstract: The Kibble–Zurek mechanism describes the spontaneous formation of defects in systems that are undergoing a second-order phase transition at a finite rate. Familiar to cosmologists and condensed matter physicists, this mechanism is now found to be responsible for the spontaneous creation of solitons in a Bose–Einstein condensate.
222 citations
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TL;DR: Spoken language understanding and natural language understanding share the goal of obtaining a conceptual representation of natural language sentences and computational semantics performs a conceptualization of the world using computational processes for composing a meaning representation structure from available signs.
Abstract: Semantics deals with the organization of meanings and the relations between sensory signs or symbols and what they denote or mean. Computational semantics performs a conceptualization of the world using computational processes for composing a meaning representation structure from available signs and their features present, for example, in words and sentences. Spoken language understanding (SLU) is the interpretation of signs conveyed by a speech signal. SLU and natural language understanding (NLU) share the goal of obtaining a conceptual representation of natural language sentences. Specific to SLU is the fact that signs to be used for interpretation are coded into signals along with other information such as speaker identity. Furthermore, spoken sentences often do not follow the grammar of a language; they exhibit self-corrections, hesitations, repetitions, and other irregular phenomena. SLU systems contain an automatic speech recognition (ASR) component and must be robust to noise due to the spontaneous nature of spoken language and the errors introduced by ASR. Moreover, ASR components output a stream of words with no structure information like punctuation and sentence boundaries. Therefore, SLU systems cannot rely on such markers and must perform text segmentation and understanding at the same time.
222 citations
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TL;DR: This paper applies multicriteria decision analysis techniques in a spatial context to support zoning of the Paneveggio-Pale di S. Martino Natural Park (Italy) by suggesting to park's management and other stakeholders an approach that is scientifically sound and practical.
222 citations
Authors
Showing all 10758 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
Jie Zhang | 178 | 4857 | 221720 |
Richard B. Lipton | 176 | 2110 | 140776 |
Jasvinder A. Singh | 176 | 2382 | 223370 |
J. N. Butler | 172 | 2525 | 175561 |
Andrea Bocci | 172 | 2402 | 176461 |
P. Chang | 170 | 2154 | 151783 |
Bradley Cox | 169 | 2150 | 156200 |
Marc Weber | 167 | 2716 | 153502 |
Guenakh Mitselmakher | 165 | 1951 | 164435 |
Brian L Winer | 162 | 1832 | 128850 |
J. S. Lange | 160 | 2083 | 145919 |
Ralph A. DeFronzo | 160 | 759 | 132993 |
Darien Wood | 160 | 2174 | 136596 |
Robert Stone | 160 | 1756 | 167901 |