University of Trento

About: University of Trento is a education organization based out in Trento, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 10527 authors who have published 30978 publications receiving 896614 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitá degli Studi di Trento & Universita degli Studi di Trento.

Observation and studies of jet quenching in PbPb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Abstract: Jet production in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV was studied with the CMS detector at the LHC, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.7 inverse microbarns. Jets are reconstructed using the energy deposited in the CMS calorimeters and studied as a function of collision centrality. With increasing collision centrality, a striking imbalance in dijet transverse momentum is observed, consistent with jet quenching. The observed effect extends from the lower cut-off used in this study (jet transverse momentum = 120 GeV/c) up to the statistical limit of the available data sample (jet transverse momentum approximately 210 GeV/c). Correlations of charged particle tracks with jets indicate that the momentum imbalance is accompanied by a softening of the fragmentation pattern of the second most energetic, away-side jet. The dijet momentum balance is recovered when integrating low transverse momentum particles distributed over a wide angular range relative to the direction of the away-side jet.

Simultaneous structure and size-strain refinement by the Rietveld method

Abstract: A new procedure for simultaneous refinement of structural and microstructural disorder parameters for polycrystalline materials is proposed. It is based on the Rietveld method combined with Fourier analysis for broadened peaks. Crystallite size and shape and r.m.s. microstrain are regarded as fitting parameters, replacing the well known formula of Caglioti, Paoletti & Ricci [Nucl. Instrum. Methods (1958), 3, 223–228] for the angular dependence of the peak width. In particular, from these microstructural disorder parameters, by inverting the Warren–Averbach procedure [Warren & Averbach (1950). J. Appl. Phys. 21, 595–599; (1952), 23, 1059] for a single peak, it is possible to obtain the parameters of the pseudo-Voigt (pV) functions employed to fit the experimental data. The anisotropy of the crystallite size and microstrain is also taken into account. The method has been tested on three materials with different degrees of crystallization: tetragonal ZrO2 (P42/nmc, a = 3.5961, c = 5.1770 A, Vc = 66.95 A3, Z = 2, Rwp = 0.077, M ≃100 A, 〈∊2〉1/2 ≃ 3 × 10−3); tetragonal Zr0.82Ce0.18O2 (P42/nmc, a = 3.6419, c = 5.2440 A, Vc = 69.556 A3, Z = 2, Rwp = 0.0654, M ≃1000 A, 〈∊2〉1/2 ≃8 × 10−4); α-Al2O3 (R{\bar 3}c, a = 4.7605, c = 12.9956 A, Vc = 255.05 A3, Z = 6, Rwp = 0.0684, M ≃ 1400 A, 〈∊2〉1/2 ≃7 × 10−4).

PeerSim: A scalable P2P simulator

Abstract: The key features of peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are scalability and dynamism. The evaluation of a P2P protocol in realistic environments is very expensive and difficult to reproduce, so simulation is crucial in P2P research.

Meta-analysis of fecal metagenomes reveals global microbial signatures that are specific for colorectal cancer

Abstract: Association studies have linked microbiome alterations with many human diseases. However, they have not always reported consistent results, thereby necessitating cross-study comparisons. Here, a meta-analysis of eight geographically and technically diverse fecal shotgun metagenomic studies of colorectal cancer (CRC, n = 768), which was controlled for several confounders, identified a core set of 29 species significantly enriched in CRC metagenomes (false discovery rate (FDR) < 1 × 10−5). CRC signatures derived from single studies maintained their accuracy in other studies. By training on multiple studies, we improved detection accuracy and disease specificity for CRC. Functional analysis of CRC metagenomes revealed enriched protein and mucin catabolism genes and depleted carbohydrate degradation genes. Moreover, we inferred elevated production of secondary bile acids from CRC metagenomes, suggesting a metabolic link between cancer-associated gut microbes and a fat- and meat-rich diet. Through extensive validations, this meta-analysis firmly establishes globally generalizable, predictive taxonomic and functional microbiome CRC signatures as a basis for future diagnostics. Cross-study analysis defines fecal microbial species associated with colorectal cancer.