University of Trento

About: University of Trento is a education organization based out in Trento, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 10527 authors who have published 30978 publications receiving 896614 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitá degli Studi di Trento & Universita degli Studi di Trento.

Origin of strong photon antibunching in weakly nonlinear photonic molecules

Abstract: In a recent work [Liew and Savona, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 183601 (2010)] it was numerically shown that a resonantly driven photonic ``molecule'' consisting of two coupled cavities can exhibit strong photon antibunching with a surprisingly weak Kerr nonlinearity. Here, we analytically identify the subtle quantum interference effect that is responsible for the predicted efficient photon blockade effect. We then extend the theory to the experimentally relevant Jaynes-Cummings system consisting of a single quantum emitter in a coupled-cavity structure and predict the strong antibunching even for single-atom cooperativity on the order of or smaller than unity. The potential of this quantum interference effect in the realization of strongly correlated photonic systems with only weak material nonlinearities is assessed by comparing on-site and inter-site correlations in a ring of three coupled photonic molecules.

The role of population heterogeneity and human mobility in the spread of pandemic influenza.

Abstract: Little is known on how different levels of population heterogeneity and different patterns of human mobility affect the course of pandemic influenza in terms of timing and impact. By employing a large-scale spatially explicit individual-based model, founded on a highly detailed model of the European populations and on a careful analysis of air and railway transportation data, we provide quantitative measures of the influence of such factors at the European scale. Our results show that Europe has to be prepared to face a rapid diffusion of a pandemic influenza, because of the high mobility of the population, resulting in the early importation of the first cases from abroad and highly synchronized local epidemics. The impact of the epidemic in European countries is highly variable because of the marked differences in the sociodemographic structure of European populations. R0, cumulative attack rate and peak daily attack rate depend heavily on sociodemographic parameters, such as the size of household groups and the fraction of workers and students in the population.

Mach-Zehnder interferometry at the Heisenberg limit with coherent and squeezed-vacuum light.

Abstract: We show that the phase sensitivity $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}$ of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer illuminated by a coherent state in one input port and a squeezed-vacuum state in the other port is (i) independent of the true value of the phase shift and (ii) can reach the Heisenberg limit $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\sim}1/{N}_{T}$, where ${N}_{T}$ is the average number of input particles. We also demonstrate that the Cramer-Rao lower bound of phase sensitivity, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1/\sqrt{|\ensuremath{\alpha}{|}^{2}{e}^{2r}+{sinh }^{2}r}$, can be saturated for arbitrary values of the squeezing parameter $r$ and the amplitude of the coherent mode $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ by using a Bayesian phase inference protocol.

Substantive and procedural uncertainty

Abstract: Different sources of uncertainty are analysed and a representation of decision-making in principle consistent with behavioural evidence is proposed. The endogenous emergence of “innovations”, in the forms of unexpected events and novel behaviours is also examined.