Showing papers by "University of Tsukuba published in 1980"
TL;DR: Results indicate that asialo GM 1 is expressed on mouse NK cells in a high concentration, and suggests that the antibody to asIALo GM1 is responsible for the anti‐NK activity contained in the anti-BAT antiserum.
Abstract: Cytotoxic treatment with rabbit antiserum raised against purified glycosphingolipid "asialo GM1" was capable of eliminating natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells from different inbred mouse strains including CBA/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, AKR, and athymic nude mice. The anti-asialo GM1 antiserum showed little cross-reactivity with structurally related glycolipids, e.g. GM), GD 1 b and asialo GM2 in the microflocculation test. The specific reactivity of this antiserum with NK cells was confirmed by the quantitative absorption of anti-NK activity with graded amounts of asialo GM1 but not with other glycosphingolipids. The absorption of anti-brain-associated T cell antigen (anti-BAT) with asialo GM1 also effectively diminished its anti-NK activity, leaving the ability to kill T cells intact. This suggests that the antibody to asialo GM1 is responsible for the anti-NK activity contained in the anti-BAT antiserum. In contrast to the extreme sensitivity of NK cells to anti-asialo GM1, alloreactive cytotoxic T killer cells generated in the mixed lymphocyte culture were not killed by anti-asialo GM1 and complement. These results indicate that asialo GM1 is expressed on mouse NK cells in a high concentration.
540 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural details of doped polyacetylene (a highly conducting organic polymer) were studied using optical absorption, Raman, and infrared spectra of polyacetylenes.
Abstract: In order to elucidate the structural details of doped polyacetylene (a highly conducting organic polymer), the optical absorption, Raman, and infrared spectra of not only trans‐(CH)x doped with iodine, AsF5, and SO3 but also β‐carotene doped with iodine and SO3 were studied. The infrared spectra of two kinds of isotopically substituted polyacetylenes (CD)x and (13CH)x doped with iodine were also observed. Analysis of the experimental results shows that upon doping each of the four vibrational branches (ν1–ν4) in the 1600–900 cm−1 region of a polyene chain splits into two groups, namely, the higher frequency group and the lower frequency one. The former group consists of the ’’gerade’’ vibrations of polyene parts which are not directly attacked by dopants but are perturbed along the chain, whereas the latter is made up of the ’’ungerade’’ vibrations of the positively charged polyene part with the doped site at its center. The Raman bands in the higher‐frequency group of ν1 (mainly the C=C stretching mode) ...
278 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, theoretical expansion formulas are given for basic equations of non-equilibrium systems: they are expressed in terms of "partial" and "ordered" cumulant functions, and the applicability of the method is examined with the use of a solvable model.
Abstract: Damping theoretical expansion formulas are given for basic equations of non-equilibrium systems: They are expressed in terms of “partial” and “ordered” cumulant functions. Validity and applicability of the method are examined with the use of a solvable model. The time-convolutionless formula is shown to be useful and systematic in obtaining reduced description of the systems.
220 citations
TL;DR: A new spot beam scanning system was constructed for a 70 MeV proton beam and has been confirmed to be satisfactory for delivering a protonbeam in the desired field shape and dose level.
Abstract: In order to provide a uniform and desirable dose distribution over a large radiation field, spot beam scanning is one of the most useful methods. A new spot beam scanning system was constructed for a 70 MeV proton beam. The lateral dose distribution was uniform with +/- 2.5% for an 18 cm square field. It was possible to control the dose at each point in the radiation field by this spot scanning method. This system has been confirmed to be satisfactory for delivering a proton beam in the desired field shape and dose level.
204 citations
TL;DR: Precursory changes in the radon concentration of groundwater were observed prior to the Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake (magnitude 7.0) 14 January 1978 and after the earthquake, a remarkable increase in theRadon concentration occurred.
Abstract: Precursory changes in the radon concentration of groundwater were observed prior to the Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake (magnitude 7.0) 14 January 1978. The distance from the epicenter to a continuous radon-monitoring station at Nakaizu was about 25 kilometers. A sudden drop and a subsequent increase in the radon concentration recorded on 9 January 1978 were significant. The size of the spike-like change was about 15 percent. After the earthquake, a remarkable increase in the radon concentration occurred.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, low temperature mobilities parallel to the layers of a heavily doped n-type GaAs-Ga 1-x Al x As superlattice are calculated as a function of carrier concentrations.
Abstract: Low temperature mobilities parallel to the layers of a heavily doped n-type GaAs–Ga 1- x Al x As superlattice are calculated as a function of carrier concentrations. Assumed scattering mechanisms are Coulomb scattering from donor ions and surface roughness scattering at the interface. The subband structure in the presence of the band bending is calculated by the variational method. The surface roughness scattering is shown to be relatively unimportant and the Coulomb scattering is dominant. The mobility in the modulation doping case becomes nearly one order of magnitude larger than that in the uniform doping case in agreement with recent experiments. The band bending effect is important in the modulation doping case and reduce the mobility at large carrier concentrations. The intersubband scattering greatly reduces the mobility when electrons occupy higher subbands.
167 citations
TL;DR: The hydrogen concentration in soil gas has been measured in the area around the Yamasaki Fault, one of the active faults in southwestern Japan, and a hypothesis on the production of hydrogen by fault movements is postulated.
Abstract: The hydrogen concentration in soil gas has been measured in the area around the Yamasaki Fault, one of the active faults in southwestern Japan. Degassing of a significant amount of hydrogen (up to more than 3 percent by volume) has been observed for sites along the fault zone. The hydrogen concentration in soil gas at sites away from the fault zone was about 0.5 part per million, almost the same as that found in the atmosphere. The spatial distribution of sites with high hydrogen concentrations is quite systematic. A hypothesis on the production of hydrogen by fault movements is postulated.
156 citations
TL;DR: Results correspond well with the observed fact that stroke incidence or death rate in Japan is higher in populations with high prevalence of hypertension and low concentration of cholesterol, and also with the fact that death rate from hemorrhage declines with the increment of serum total cholesterol and the westernization of diet.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have succeeded in producing superstructures in mixtures of two monodisperse polystyrene latexes of different particle size and have observed them microscopically in their natural (stably dispersed) state.
Abstract: The colloid known as monodisperse latex1 is an aqueous suspension of a synthetic polymer, the particles of which are ideally spherical and uniform in size (monodisperse). It shows phase transition2 from a disordered to an ordered state, changing its appearance from milky white to iridescent. This is considered as experimental verification of the transition found by computer calculations3,4 of concentrated hard core systems. Thus, monodisperse latex is a reliable model for studying the statistical mechanics of concentrated systems. Furthermore, as the particles are visible5,6 by light microscopy when they are larger than 0.3 µm, we can now directly see what happens during phase transition and related phenomena. Recent work on the structure of gem opals7 offers an important clue to understanding the statistical properties of binary systems. It showed that in some unusual opals two kinds of silica spheres of different size form a superstructure with long period. The structure must have been formed in a stable dispersion of silica spheres7 and then been condensed and dehydrated. It should be possible to produce the structure artificially in some colloids and so provide an excellent model of binary systems. We report here that we have succeeded in producing superstructures in mixtures of two monodisperse polystyrene latexes of different particle size and have observed them microscopically5 in their natural (stably dispersed) state. Several structures were found, including the alloy structures of NaZn13 and CaCu5 types, which belong to the so-called size-factor compounds8.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the interlayer shear force constants in 2H-MoSe 2 were estimated from the central force model, which is similar to that in other group VIB transition-metal dichalcogenides, reflecting that the inter-layer interaction is due to van der Waals force.
Abstract: Raman scattering and infrared reflectance have been measured in 2H-MoSe 2 . We observed all Raman-active modes, A 1g , E 1g , E 2g 1 and E 2g 2 , and two infrared-active modes, E 1u 2 and A 2u 2 . Intralayer force constants are estimated from the central force model. The bond between metal (Mo) and chalcogen (Se) predominates over the high-lying phonon frequencies with long wavelength. On the other hand, interlayer shear force constant is estimated from the frequency of E 2g 2 mode, that is a rigid-layer mode, and is much smaller than the intralayer force constants. This fact, which is similar to that in other group VIB transition-metal dichalcogenides, reflects that the interlayer interaction is due to van der Waals force. The second-order Raman spectrum has been also observed and discussed.
128 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords as well as the spinal projection levels of the rat spinal cord.
Abstract: The distribution and number of hypothalamospinal tract (HST) neurons were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at various levels of the rat spinal cord. The hypothalamus was divided into four areas and one nucleus, that is, the dorsal (DHA), posterior (PHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) hypothalamic areas and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The total numbers of HST neurons labeled with HRP varied according to the injection levels: 6,160 (C2 injections), 3,808 (T8), 1,961 (L1), 919 (L7) and 13 (S4). With C2 injections LHA contained 3,464 neurons, which accounted for 56% of the full number of HST neurons; similarly, PVN, 1,114 (18%); MHA, 865 (14%); DHA and PHA, 817 (12%). With L7 injections, LHA contained 444 labeled neurons, which accounted for 48% of the total; PVN, 327 (36%); MHA, 71 (8%); DHA with PHA, 77 (8%). As for the rostrocaudal distribution of labeled neurons, there was only a slight difference between the C2 and L6 injections in LHA, but no difference was noticed in PVN, DHA nor PHA. The present findings suggest that 70% of HST neurons may project to the cervical and thoracic cords. Although the number of labeled HST neurons decreased as the injection sites were placed caudally, no clearcut topographical arrangement was recognized in terms of the spinal projection levels.
TL;DR: With this technique, the neurons innervating the different muscles can be demonstrated simultaneously and in both cats and dogs neurons labeled with PI were concentrated dorsomedially in Onuf's nucleus, while those labeled with BB were concentrated ventrolaterally.
TL;DR: In this paper, an extension of Nash's bargaining model is presented, which permits the domain of a solution function to contain non-convex sets. But the authors do not consider the non-Convex setting of the problem of non-consistency.
Abstract: This paper provides an extension of Nash's bargaining model. The extension permits the domain of a solution function to contain non-convex sets. First, it is shown that the proposed extension is a mathematical generalization of Nash's bargaining problem. Next, some relations between the extension and the Nash social welfare function are developed. The formal equivalence of the two constructs is demonstrated, and the intuitive significance of the results is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a new microscopic theory capable by itself to select the "optimum" collective path or submanifold in the many-particle Hilbert space.
Abstract: This is the second in a series of papers which intends to develop a new microscopic theory capable by itself to select the "optimum" collective path or, more generally, the "optimum" collective submanifold in the many-particle Hilbert space. The main content of this paper consists of i) a restatement of the basic equations of the theory, derived from the fundamental principle which leads us to the "maximal decoupling" between the collective and intrinsic modes and is called the "invariance principle of the Schrodinger equation", and ii) a proposal of a method of solving the basic equations in an appropriate way for the large amplitude and highly non-linear collective vibrations about the Hartree-Fock ground state with a spherically symmetric equilibrium.
TL;DR: Thioanisole derivatives were found to be oxygenated by a reconstituted system of purified cytochrome P-450 to give sulfoxides suggesting the oxygenation to proceed via one electron transfer from sulfides to the active species of the enzyme.
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of nonlinear evolution equation for the Alfven waves, propagating parallel to the magnetic field, is registered to the completely integrable family of non-linear evolution equations.
Abstract: A new type of nonlinear evolution equation for the Alfven waves, propagating parallel to the magnetic field, is now registered to the completely integrable family of nonlinear evolution equations. In spite of the extensive studies of Kaup and Newell, and of Kawata and Inoue, these analysis have been dealing with solutions for restricted boundary conditions. The present paper presents full account of stationary solitary wave solutions for the plane wave boundary condition. The obtained results exhibit peculiar structure of spiky modulation of amplitude and phase, which arises from the derivative nonlinear coupling term. A nonlinear equation for complex amplitude associated with the carrier wave is shown to be a mixed type of nonlinear Schrodinger equation, having an ordinary cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation, having an ordinary cubic nonlinear term and the derivative of cubic nonlinear term.
TL;DR: In this article, the first-order Raman peaks are observed at 27.4, 357 and 423 cm-1, and the low-frequency peak is a rigid-layer mode, from which the interlayer shear force constant is estimated.
TL;DR: In this article, intraoperative radiotherapy has been performed on five patients with unresectable, advanced carcinoma of the bile duct at the hepatic hilus and six patients with non-malignancy of the gallbladder.
Abstract: Since November 1973, intraoperative radiotherapy has been performed on five patients with unresectable, advanced carcinoma of the bile duct at the hepatic hilus and six patients with unresectable carcinoma of the gallbladder. A treatment cone with a diameter ranging from 4--10 cm was directly applied at the lesion. A single dose of 2500--3000 rad with 11 to 20 meV electrons was delivered. In all patients, recanalization of the obstructed bile duct was observed by the postoperative cholangiography. The local efficacy was confirmed histopathologically in eight autopsied materials and a specimen resected 105 days after radiotherapy. Mean survival time of patients with unresectable tumors was 10.9 +/- 5.6 (SD) months after this radiotherapy. Intraoperative radiotherapy increased the effectiveness and length of palliation for the unresectable lesion.
TL;DR: Investigation of physiological roles of juvenile hormone in the larval-pupal development of Mamestra brassicae suggested that JH has possible dual roles at the prepupal stage: one is the activation of the prothoracic glands by JH, the other is suppression of precocious adult development of the eye byJH.
TL;DR: In this article, a possible mechanism for semiconductors (TiO 2 and CdS) suspended in organic solvents containing 1,1-diphenylethylene and its derivatives under oxygen afforded the corresponding epoxides and benzophenone.
TL;DR: In this article, relaxed structural models are used to construct the amorphous metallic alloy Fe100-xPx and analyze the Voronoi polyhedra in terms of the changes in alloy composition and tightly captured P atoms in the framework of the Fe atoms.
Abstract: Relaxed structural models are used to present the construction and structural analysis of the amorphous metallic alloy Fe100-xPx. The pair distribution functions agree fairly well with experimental values. The analysis of the Voronoi polyhedra can be understood in terms of the changes in alloy composition and the tightly captured P atoms in the framework of the Fe atoms. Analysis of the geometrical configuration of near-neighbour Fe atoms around P atoms shows that the symmetry of the local atomic environment around the P atoms is very similar to that in the crystalline Fe3P.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe experimental studies of thermally driven acoustic oscillations of a gas column (Taconis vibration) generated in a pipe whose end is closed at the warm part and open at the cold part.
Abstract: This paper describes experimental studies of thermally driven acoustic oscillations of a gas column (“Taconis vibration”) generated in a pipe whose end is closed at the warm part and open at the cold part. The stability curves and the frequency diagrams of the oscillations are experimentally determined under a given temperature distribution for the ratio of warm length of pipe to cold length as a parameter. The existence of two branches as predicted by Rott's theory is confirmed. A finite boundary layer thickness plays an important role in exciting and characterizing this type of instability.
TL;DR: Spinal neurons projecting to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum were identified with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique in the cat and in four cases with the injections it was determined whether in the spinal cord the identified neurons give rise to crossed ascending axons or uncrossed ascending ones.
Abstract: Spinal neurons projecting to the posterior lobe of the cerebellum were identified with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique in the cat. In four cases with the injections, which were preceded by hemisections at cervical or thoracic levels, it was determined whether in the spinal cord the identified neurons give rise to crossed ascending axons or uncrossed ascending ones.
The main groups of neurons projecting to sublobule VIIIB were located in the central cervical nucleus (with crossed ascending axons), Clarke's column (with uncrossed ascending axons), and the medial part of lamina VII of L6 to the caudal segments (with crossed ascending axons). Additional labeled neurons were found in the medial part of lamina VI between C2 and T1 and of L5 and L6 (with uncrossed ascending axons), and in the ventral as well as dorsal horns of the sacral-caudal segments (with crossed ascending axons). On the other hand, neurons projecting to sublobule C (the copular part) of the paramedian lobule, which appeared always ipsilaterally to the side of the injections, were located in lamina V of C8 to L4 (with uncrossed ascending axons). Marginal neurons of Clarke's column (with uncrossed ascending axons) and spinal border cells (with crossed ascending axons that recross in the cerebellum) projected specifically to this part. At L1 and L2 or L2 and L3 labeled large and medium-sized neurons were also found within Clarke's column.
The present study suggests that there are segregated projections of spinal neurons to the cortex of the cerebellar posterior lobe.
TL;DR: It is determined that variations in life-histories may be explained by different environmental factors, whereas structure of vegetative cells, as viewed by electron microscopy, seems to be quite stable and characteristic for each species.
Abstract: Information available on the structure of species belonging to the generaTetraselmis, Platymonas andPrasinocladus has been reviewed. Detailed comparison of these data has convinced the authors that species in these genera all belong to the same genus. Stalk development by cast-off thecae, a characteristic used to definePrasinocladus, is variable within different species and is not reliable for separation of a genus. Similarly, the penetration of the pyrenoid by a lobe of the nucleus cannot be held reliable in separation of these genera because it occurs in varying degree in different species.Platymunas G.S. West (1916),Prasinocladus Kuckuck (1894) andAulacochlamys Margalef (1946) are considered to be synonyms ofTetraselmis Stein (1878).Tetraselmis is redescribed using characters visible with light and electron microscopy as well as life-history characteristics. The description reviews information on many species ofTetraselmis that have been found in the western and eastern Pacific as well as species from Great Britain. It is determined that variations in life-histories may be explained by different environmental factors, whereas structure of vegetative cells, as viewed by electron microscopy, seems to be quite stable and characteristic for each species.
TL;DR: When human diploid fibroblasts IMR‐90 are cultured in routinely used medium (Eagle's basal medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum), sulfhydryl compounds appear in the medium, and it is shown that a part of medium cystine is converted into cysteine by the cells.
Abstract: When human diploid fibroblasts IMR-90 are cultured in routinely used medium (Eagle's basal medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum), sulfhydryl compounds appear in the medium. The major component of these sulfhydryl compounds is cysteine, and it is shown that a part of medium cystine is converted into cysteine by the cells. It is also shown that the sulfhydryl groups of serum albumin, which are masked and barely detectable before the culture, are restored. Probably cysteine formed by the cells reacts with serum albumin to give rise to the protein sulfhydryl groups via sulfhydryl–disulfide exchange reactions. Total sulfhydryl concentrations in the medium are maintained in a considerable level throughout the culture, and a possible physiological function of these sulfhydryl groups is discussed.