Showing papers by "University of Tsukuba published in 1984"
TL;DR: The diffusion characteristics of several substrates of varying molecular sizes into and from Ca‐ alginate gel beads in well‐stirred solutions were investigated and the capacity of Ca‐alginate Gel as a matrix of immobilization was discussed.
Abstract: The diffusion characteristics of several substrates of varying molecular sizes into and from Ca-alginate gel beads in well-stirred solutions were investigated. The values of the diffusion coefficient (D) of substrates such as glucose, L-tryptophan, and alpha-lactoalbumin [with molecular weight (MW) less than 2 x 10(4)] into and from the gel beads agreed with those in the water system. Their substrates could diffuse freely into and from the gel beads without disturbance by the pores in the gel beads. The diffusion of their substrates into and from the gel beads was also not disturbed by increasing the Ca-alginate concentration in the beads and the CaCl(2) concentration used in the gel preparation. In the case of higher molecular weight substances such as albumin (MW = 6.9 x 10(4)), gamma-globulin (MW = 1.54 x 10(5)) and fibrinogen (MW = 3.41 x 10(5)), the diffusion behaviors of the substrates into and from the gel beads were very different. No diffusion of their substrates into the gel beads from solutions was observed, and only albumin was partly absorbed on the surface of the gel beads. The values of D of their substrates from the gel beads into their solutions were smaller than their values in the water system, but all their substrates could diffuse from the gel beads. The diffusion of high molecular weight substrates was limited more strongly by the increase of Ca-alginate concentration in the gel beads than by the increase of the CaCl(2) concentration used in the gel preparation. Using these results, the capacity of Ca-alginate gel as a matrix of immobilization was discussed.
669 citations
TL;DR: Synthesis of cystine as y-glutamyl peptide and its use as a building block for peptide synthesis is continuing to be studied.
330 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the daily intake of 8.0 g per day of fructo-oligosaccharides for fourteen days was found to significantly reduce mean fasting blood glucose levels by 15 mg/dl, mean serum total cholesterol levels by 19 mg/dL and LDL-cholesterol levels by 17mg/dl in diabetic subjects.
271 citations
TL;DR: The van der Waals epitaxy can be realized in the materials having no dangling bonds on their clean surfaces, on which epitaxial growth proceeds by the van derWaals force as mentioned in this paper.
219 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the comportement d'un alliage TiNi monocristallin lors de la transformation martensitique is studied, a memoire deforme de transformation associes.
175 citations
TL;DR: Differential pressure fluctuations are used to estimate flow regimes of nitrogen gas-water mixtures in a vertical pipe because the fluctuations seem to be closely connected with the flow configuration as discussed by the authors, and it is possible to identify the flow pattern from the configuration of probability density functions, the order of variance and the average value of differential pressures because these statistical properties depend on a flow pattern.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic phase diagram is constructed above 0.6 K for single crystalline Ce x La 1-x B 6 (0.03 ≦ x ≦ 1.0).
Abstract: Measurements of the magnetization process at 4.2 K and 1.3 K for magnetic field up to about 150 kOe and of the temperature dependence of the susceptibility between 4.2 K and room temperature have been done in order to investigate Kondo states of dilute and dense Kondo system in single crystalline Ce x La 1- x B 6 (0.03 ≦ x ≦1.0). The magnetic phase diagram is constructed above 0.6 K for Ce 0.5 La 0.5 B 6 , Ce 0.75 La 0.25 B 6 and CeB 6 . A largely anisotropic magnetization and the temperature dependence of susceptibility in dilute alloys indicate the \(\varGamma _{8}\) quartet Kondo state contrary to the previous report. Dependence of Kondo temperature on the Ce concentration is very weak.
143 citations
TL;DR: A distinctive chlorophyll maximum was detected around 60-m depth in the western North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, and almost 55% of the total chlorophylla in the entire water column was found within 50 m around the subsurface chlorophyLL maximum (SCM) layer.
Abstract: A distinctive chlorophyll maximum was detected around 60-m depth in the western North Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, and almost 55% of the total chlorophyll in the entire water column was found within 50 m around the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layer. More than 70% of the chlorophyll was contained in picoplankton which passed through a 3-μm Nuclepore but retained on 0.22-μm Millipore filters at the SCM as well as the surface layers. By transmission electron microscopic observations, the picoplankton were identified as aChlorella-like coccoid green alga having a section size of 1.2 to 1.5 μm and cyanobacteria of 0.5 to 2 μm. No obvious difference in these two dominant groups was observed in the SCM and the surface samples except in numerous and heavily stacked thylakoids in the former samples.
139 citations
TL;DR: CeCu 6 is shown to be a typical substance in the Kondo lattice ground state, having no magnetic ordering, and the anisotropic negative magnetoresistance is found at low temperatures, which probably reflects the orthorhombic crystal structure as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: CeCu 6 is shown to be a typical substance in the Kondo lattice ground state, having no magnetic ordering. The anisotropic negative magnetoresistance is found at low temperatures, which probably reflects the orthorhombic crystal structure.
136 citations
TL;DR: Longitudinal changes in the anaerobic threshold (AT) and distance-running performances (DRP) were assessed with a 4.5-month interval between the pre-, mid-, and post-tests in a relatively homogeneous sample of 21 male, trained, endurance runners.
Abstract: TANAKA, KIYOJI, YOSHIYUKI MATSUURA, AKIRA MATSUZAKA, KOHJI HIRAKOBA, SHUZO KUMAGAI, SUB O. SUN, and KATSUMI ASANO. A longitudinal assessment of anaerobic threshold and distance-running performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 278–282, 1984. Longitudinal changes in the anaerobic threshold (AT) and distance-running performances (DRP) were assessed with a 4.5-month interval between the pre-, mid-, and post-tests in a relatively homogeneous (in terms of both maximal aerobic power and DRP) sample of 21 male, trained, endurance runners (JOURNAL/mespex/beta/00005768-198406000-00020/ENTITY_OV0398/v/2017-05-02T160503Z/r/image-png age = 18.5 yr) than had been employed previously. ANOVA with repeated measures followed by the Newman-Keuls post-hoc comparison revealed that there were significant alterations in both DRP and AT. Even in this improved state, higher relationships (r≥0.75) between the DRP and AT-related attributes held up consistently over the 9-month training period. Anaerobic threshold (expressed as ml O2·min-1·kg-1) showed a correlation higher than 0.80 with 10,000-m race time in every set of tests. When the relationships between the absolute amount of change in the JOURNAL/mespex/beta/00005768-198406000-00017/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-02T160503Z/r/image-pngO2@AT and the absolute amount of change in DRP were evaluated, significant correlations (r=-0.56 to −0.83) were found in several different time periods. Running velocity at AT (V@AT) also improved significantly, and was closely related to DRP changes. It is speculated that DRP changes are more directly accounted for by the JOURNAL/mespex/beta/00005768-198406000-00017/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-02T160503Z/r/image-pngO2@AT and/or V@AT changes rather than changes in other physiological attributes.
125 citations
TL;DR: A specific assay system for neurokininalpha and beta is described by combining HPLC and radioimmunoassay by investigating the regional distribution of tachykinins including substance P in the rat central nervous system using anti-neurokinin alpha antiserum which cross-reacts 25% with neurokin in beta.
TL;DR: A fast algorithm for the Voronoi diagram is proposed along with the performance evaluation by extensive computational experiments, and it is shown that the proposed algorithm runs in linear time on the average.
Abstract: Takao Ohya Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Kazuo Murota University of Tsukuba Masao Iri University of Tokyo (Received May 13, 1983: Revised July 18, 1984) A fast algorithm for the Voronoi diagram is proposed along with the performance evaluation by extensive computational experiments. It is shown that the proposed algorithm runs in linear time on the average. The algorithm is of incremental type, which modifies the diagram step by step by adding points (generators) one by one. What is new is a special preprocessing procedure for determining the order in which the generators are to be added, where we make use of a quaternary tree combined with an elaborate technique of \"bucketing\".
TL;DR: This cross-sectional study indicates a continuous--and not a threshold--relationship between alcohol and blood pressure, with the effect of even moderate consumption, e.g. 28-55 g per day (equivalent to about 2-4 U.S. drinks per day).
TL;DR: In this paper, a frequency shift of a Raman peak was observed in 2H-MoS 2, when the exciting laser frequency ω i is tuned across the A and B excitonic levels.
Abstract: A frequency shift of a Raman peak is observed in 2H-MoS 2 , when the exciting laser frequency ω i is tuned across the A and B excitonic levels. The frequency shift decreases as ω i increases. It ca...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply dimensional analysis to the major factors responsible for beach-slope changes and derive the dimensionless parameter, H b /g 0.5 D 0. 5 T, where H b is the breaking wave height, T is the wave period, D is the sediment grain size, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Abstract: Application of dimensional analysis to the major factors responsible for beach-slope changes yields the dimensionless parameter, H b /g 0.5 D 0.5 T, where H b is the breaking wave height, T is the wave period, D is the sediment grain size, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Relationships between this parameter and beach-face slope, tan α, are determined by using the existing laboratory and field data to yield tan α = [0.013/(H b /g 0.5 D 0.5 T) 2 ] + 0.15 for the laboratory and tan α = 0.12/(H b /g 0.5 D 0.5 T) 0.5 for the field. These equations make possible the prediction of the beach slope.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: This paper shall formulate a class of location problems and show that, if the Voronoi-diagram algorithm recently proposed by the authors is used, it can numerically solve considerably large problems within a practicable time.
Abstract: There are many kinds of facility location problems, or "geographical optimization problems", which are appropriately formulated in terms of the Voronoi diagram. Except few quite special problems, we can get a solution to a problem of that kind only by means of numerical approach which involves a large number of function evaluations, where each evaluation requires constructing the Voronoi diagram for a tentative distribution of facilities and computing integrals with reference to that diagram. In such a case, the practical feasibility of the numerical solution of the problem depends largely upon the efficiency of the algorithm to be used for constructing the Voronoi diagram. In this paper, we shall formulate a class of location problems and show that, if we use the Voronoi-diagram algorithm recently proposed by the authors, we can numerically solve considerably large problems within a practicable time.
TL;DR: Urine organic acid analysis after fasting and following a medium chain triglyceride load showed unusually high levels of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, lower than expected levels of acetoacetate and dicarboxylic acids, and the presence of several other metabolites suggesting a disturbed citric acid cycle and redox state.
Abstract: We have studied a 17-year-old girl with lactic acidosis (3-18 mEq/liter) and progressive muscle weakness since 9 years of age. Morphological findings in muscle were of a typical ragged red myopathy with multiple collections of bizarre mitochondria, some containing paracrystalline inclusions. The carnitine content of serum and muscle was normal, as were the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, carnitine octanoyltransferase, and carnitine acetyltransferase in the patient's muscle. Measurement of the enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation in both crude muscle homogenates and mitochondrial fractions showed close to normal activities of cytochrome c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ATPase. In contrast, succinate cytochrome c reductase activity was greatly reduced in the patient, being 0.035 mumol/min/g tissue in whole muscle (controls 1.16 +/- 0.47 mumol/min/g tissue) and 8 nmol/min/mg protein in the mitochondria (control, 340 nmol/min/mg protein). Rotenonesensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase was also undetectable in the patient's mitochondria. Spectral analysis of cytochromes showed decrease of reducible cytochrome b to 16% of the control. These results indicate a defect of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase or the cytochrome bc1 segment (complex III) of the electron transport chain. Antibody-binding studies of the individual components of complex III showed additional deficiencies of core proteins I and II and peptide VI, indicating a more widespread defect of complex III than was evident from spectral analysis and enzyme activity measurements alone. Urine organic acid analysis after fasting and following a medium chain triglyceride load showed unusually high levels of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, lower than expected levels of acetoacetate and dicarboxylic acids, and the presence of several other metabolites suggesting a disturbed citric acid cycle and redox state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility of single crystals to study the dense Kondo phenomenon and found that the dilute Kondo state is continuously connected to the dense kondo state as a linear function of cerium concentration in the paramagnetic region.
Abstract: We have measured the electrical resistivity and the magnetic susceptibility of Ce x La 1- x Al 2 ( x =0–1) single crystals to study the dense Kondo phenomenon. The magnetic resistivities per molar cerium, which result from the combined effect of the crystalline field and the Kondo scattering, are found to be almost the same at higher temperatures than ca. 50 K. The Curie temperature of ca. 30 K and the effective Bohr magneton of ca. 2.5 µ B are also independent of the concentration of cerium ion. These data show that the dilute Kondo state is continuously connected to the dense Kondo state as a linear function of cerium concentration in the paramagnetic region.
TL;DR: In this article, the absorption cross sections and the differential elastic scattering cross sections of antiprotons on carbon, aluminum, and copper nuclei were systematically measured at six beam momenta between 470 and 880 MeV/c.
Abstract: The absorption cross sections and the differential elastic-scattering cross sections of antiprotons on carbon, aluminum, and copper nuclei were systematically measured at six beam momenta between 470 and 880 MeV/c. From these data, the antiproton-nucleus optical potential was derived for the first time.
TL;DR: In this article, the electronic structure of amorphous metals is calculated selfconsistently by the LMTO-ASA method using various structural models and the possibility of ferromagnetism is discussed.
Abstract: The electronic structure of amorphous metals is calculated selfconsistently by the LMTO-ASA method using various structural models. The s- and p-states have been included and the hybridization with the d-states produces structure in the density of states. The possibility of ferromagnetism is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the local density of states (LDOS) of electrons at grain boundaries of iron with or without segregation (phosphorus or boron) was calculated.
TL;DR: In this article, a field investigation was carried out to collect data of inner bar migration, where profiles were measured once or twice a week for a two-year period at Naka Beach, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that the brain cholinergic system is involved in the spatial memory in rats under drugs that affected the running time of the radial arm maze.
Abstract: To explore the pharmacological mechanisms of the spatial memory, performance on the radial arm maze was tested in rats under the following drugs, using a within-subject design; scopolamine (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg), methylscopolamine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg), phentolamine (5 and 10 mg/kg), propranolol (10 and 20 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (1 and 2 mg/kg), and chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg). The number of correct choices was significantly decreased by scopolamine, while the other drugs, including methylscopolamine, showed no effects on the correct choices. Almost all drugs affected the running time. These findings indicate that the brain cholinergic system is involved in the spatial memory.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: A survey of the author's earlier work on submodular systems can be found in this paper, where some useful observations on related topics such as geometries on posets, generalized polymatroids, boundary hypermatroid, sub-modular functions on crossing families, sub modular flows, strongly connected orientations of graphs, Lovasz's extension of set functions, minimization of submodulular functions etc.
Abstract: Let
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be a distributive lattice formed by subsets of a finite set with set union and intersection as the lattice operations, and let f be a submodular function on
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. The pair (
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, f) is called a submodular system and is a generalization of a (poly-)matroid. The present paper makes a survey of the author’s earlier work on submodular systems and provides a unifying view and some useful observations on related topics such as geometries on posets, generalized polymatroids, boundary hypermatroids, submodular functions on crossing families, submodular flows, strongly connected orientations of graphs, Lovasz’s extension of set functions, minimization of submodular functions etc. We also show a new approach to the problem of minimizing submodular functions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the fine structures of amylopectin and intermediate material characteristic of Amylomaize starch were investigated by chemical and enzymatic means, and it was demonstrated that the internal chains in amylomaise amylopsectin was 9 glucose units longer than that in waxy-maize amylophectin.
Abstract: The fine structures of amylopectin and intermediate material characteristic of amylomaize starch were investigated by chemical and enzymatic means. In comparison with waxy-maize amylopectin, that of amylomaize starch was found to possess a img/ approximately 10 glucose units longer. Unit-chain profiles of waxy and amylomaize amylopectins revealed that the clear difference lay simply in the relative amounts of two unit-chain fractions. By fractionations of debranched β-limit dextrins, it was demonstrated that the img/ of the internal chains in amylomaize amylopectin was 9 glucose units longer than that in waxy-maize amylopectin. In addition, the proportion of maltose and maltotriose fractions in the debranched dextrin for amylomaize amylopectin was noticeably smaller than found for waxy-maize amylopectin. These data suggest a lesser branching frequency of outer branches in amylomaize amylopectin, confirming the previous proposal that this amylopectin has longer inner and outer branches than those of normal...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reconstructed the last glacial age from glacial and periglacial landforms in Japan and found that both the summer air temperature and the winter precipitation were major controlling factors for the glaciation in the Japanese high mountains.
Abstract: Paleoclimate during the Last Glacial age was reconstructed from glacial and periglacial landforms in Japan. Both the summer air temperature and the winter precipitation were the major controlling factors for the glaciation in the Japanese high mountains. Because of the change of paleogeography of the Japan Sea, which was caused by the sea-level changes, the fluctuation of the amount of snowfall must have been large. Mountain glaciation attained to its maximum between about 60,000 and 40,000 y.B.P., when the warm current still entered into the Japan Sea. The glacial extension was much more limited between 30,000 and 10,000 y.B.P., when the Japan Sea had been almost isolated from the outer ocean. Distributions of the glacial landforms, both horizontal and vertical, indicate that the winter monsoon had basically the westerly direction during the Last Glacial age. That is also verified by the distribution of fossil periglacial phenomena. The latter was used for the reconstruction of winter and annual mean air temperatures. Decrease of the summer monsoon precipitation was evidenced by tracing of the valley filling with debris which indicates a considerable diminution of river discharge during the Last Glacial age. Location of the polar front during the Last Glacial age was inferred together with the southern limit of sea ice and the distri bution of permafrost. Decrease of the summer air temperature and the effect of snowfall on the glaciation were discussed by comparing the altitude of the present and Last Glacial snowlines.
TL;DR: The combination of the Ronchi test and the synchronous phase detection method provides a simple but powerful tool for aspherical surface evaluation.
Abstract: A method is proposed for measuring the wavefront aberration of a fast aspherical surface. The combination of the Ronchi test and the synchronous phase detection method provides a simple but powerful tool for aspherical surface evaluation. In a common setup for the Ronchi test, translating the Ronchi ruling sideways causes the irradiance of the Ronchigram to vary periodically with time. This enables us to make synchronous phase detection in the Ronchi test. The procedure for Ronchigram analysis is presented, and experimental results are shown.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a theory of the thermal activation energy (TAE) of nonradiative capture of a free carrier by a deep-level defect in semiconductors.
Abstract: Violent lattice vibrations, induced by nonradiative capture of a free carrier by a deep-level defect in semiconductors, enhance greatly defect reactions such as movement of the defect itself or production of a new one, through reduction of the thermal activation energy (TAE). A theory of this phenomenon is presented. When capture takes place at a critical value ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{P}$ of a configuration coordinate ${Q}_{P}$, the total energy of the induced vibrations is larger than ${E}_{P}$ of the minimum lattice energy obtained under ${Q}_{P}={\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{P}$. A defect reaction with TAE of ${E}_{A}$ in thermal equilibrium takes place when another configuration coordinate ${Q}_{R}$ exceeds a critical value ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{R}$. Both ${Q}_{P}$ and ${Q}_{R}$ are a linear combination of many normal-mode coordinates in general. Energy flow from ${Q}_{P}$ to ${Q}_{R}$ occurs through the direction cosine $g$ between them in the phonon space, and $g$ is nonvanishing when there exist normal-mode components common between them. Under the condition that ${Q}_{P}$ started from ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{P}$ at time zero while ${Q}_{R}$ reaches ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{R}$ thereafter, we determine the minimum lattice energy written as ${E}_{P}+{E}_{H}$. Energy ${E}_{H}$ is smaller than ${E}_{A}$ when $g\ensuremath{
e}0$ and gives the TAE of the quantum yield of the defect reaction occurring subsequently after carrier capture. We find that ${E}_{H}={E}_{A}\ensuremath{-}{E}_{P}$ for ${E}_{P}l{g}^{2}{E}_{A}$, ${E}_{H}=\frac{{[{({E}_{A})}^{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}|g|{({E}_{P})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}^{2}}{(1\ensuremath{-}{g}^{2})}$ for ${g}^{2}{E}_{A}l{E}_{P}l\frac{{E}_{A}}{{g}^{2}}$, and ${E}_{H}=0$ for ${E}_{P}g\frac{{E}_{A}}{{g}^{2}}$. The TAE of the defect reaction observed is given by ${E}_{H}$ plus the TAE of carrier capture, which is shown to explain experimental data quite well.
TL;DR: In this paper, the expectation values of the Wilson loops and the string tension are calculated by Monte Carlo simulations for SU(3) lattice gauge theory with a renormalization group improved action.