Institution
University of Tsukuba
Education•Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan•
About: University of Tsukuba is a education organization based out in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 36352 authors who have published 79483 publications receiving 1934752 citations. The organization is also known as: Tsukuba daigaku & Tsukuba University.
Topics: Population, Gene, Catalysis, Superconductivity, Quantum chromodynamics
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is suggested that neurons maintain their glutathione level by taking up cysteine provided by glial cells, because the culture medium contains cystine, but not cys‐teine.
Abstract: — Glutathione levels in neurons and gllal cells were investigated in a neuronal-glial coculture and in separate cultures. Brain cell suspensions obtained from cerebral hemispheres of fetal rats were cultured, and after 5 days the glutathione content of this cell population, consisting mainly of neurons and astroglial cells, was 23.0 nmol/mg of cell protein, with a significantly high content in glial cells (28.0 nmol/mg of protein) in comparison with neurons (18.8 nmol/mg of protein). When the neurons and glial cells were separated and recultured in fresh medium, neu-ronal glutathione rapidly decreased, whereas glial glutathione remained unchanged. Cysteine is a rate-limiting precursor for glutathione synthesis, and its level was also decreased in neurons, but not in glial cells. Cysteine was taken up rapidly by both neurons and glial cells, but cys-tine was taken up only by glial cells. This accounts for the rapid decrease of glutathione in the cultured neurons, because the culture medium contains cystine, but not cys-teine. It was also found that the cultured glial cells released cysteine into the medium. These results suggest that neurons maintain their glutathione level by taking up cysteine provided by glial cells.
425 citations
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TL;DR: A new type of blue-light receptor flavoprotein, photoactivated adenylyl cyclase, is found in the photoreceptor organelle of Euglena gracilis, with molecular genetic evidence that it mediates the step-up photophobic response.
Abstract: Blue light regulates processes such as the development of plants and fungi and the behaviour of microbes. Two types of blue-light receptor flavoprotein have been identified: cryptochromes, which have partial similarity to photolyases, and phototropins, which are photoregulated protein kinases. The former have also been found in animals with evidence of essential roles in circadian rhythms. Euglena gracilis, a unicellular flagellate, abruptly changes its swimming direction after a sudden increase or decrease in incident blue light intensity, that is, step-up or step-down photophobic responses, resulting in photoavoidance or photoaccumulation, respectively. Although these photobehaviours of Euglena have been studied for a century, the photoreceptor molecules mediating them have remained unknown. Here we report the discovery and biochemical characterization of a new type of blue-light receptor flavoprotein, photoactivated adenylyl cyclase, in the photoreceptor organelle of Euglena gracilis, with molecular genetic evidence that it mediates the step-up photophobic response.
425 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the deformation behavior associated with the R-phase (rhombohedral phase) transition and the subsequent martensitic transformation was studied systematically in Ti-Ni alloys by tensile testing over a wide temperature range.
Abstract: Deformation behavior associated with theR-phase (rhombohedral phase) transition and the subsequent martensitic transformation was studied systematically in Ti-Ni alloys by tensile testing over a wide temperature range covering belowM
f to aboveT′
R (>Af). Since the deformation and transition characteristics showed a strong dependence on thermo-mechanical treatment and Ni-content, internal structures were examined by electron microscopy in specimens with various Ni-content and thermo-mechanical treatment. As a result precipitates and/or dislocations were revealed in the specimens in which theR-phase transition occurs. Based on the above results, the effects of thermo-mechanical treatment and Ni-content on the deformation and transition characteristics were clarified for both theR-phase transition and the martensitic transformation.
425 citations
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Deakin University1, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology2, University of Technology, Sydney3, University of Western Australia4, James Hutton Institute5, Plymouth Marine Laboratory6, Griffith University7, National University of Singapore8, University of Wollongong9, Bangor University10, Edith Cowan University11, University of Queensland12, Utah State University13, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation14, University of Florida15, McGill University16, Southern Cross University17, Florida International University18, University of Tsukuba19, University of Plymouth20, University of Edinburgh21, Spanish National Research Council22, Aarhus University23, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources24, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science25, Autonomous University of Barcelona26, University of Virginia27, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center28, Center for International Forestry Research29, Bogor Agricultural University30, University of Hong Kong31, University of the Algarve32, Duke University33
TL;DR: The authors identify the top-ten unresolved questions in the field and find that most questions relate to the precise role blue carbon can play in mitigating climate change and the most effective management actions in maximising this.
Abstract: The term Blue Carbon (BC) was first coined a decade ago to describe the disproportionately large contribution of coastal vegetated ecosystems to global carbon sequestration. The role of BC in climate change mitigation and adaptation has now reached international prominence. To help prioritise future research, we assembled leading experts in the field to agree upon the top-ten pending questions in BC science. Understanding how climate change affects carbon accumulation in mature BC ecosystems and during their restoration was a high priority. Controversial questions included the role of carbonate and macroalgae in BC cycling, and the degree to which greenhouse gases are released following disturbance of BC ecosystems. Scientists seek improved precision of the extent of BC ecosystems; techniques to determine BC provenance; understanding of the factors that influence sequestration in BC ecosystems, with the corresponding value of BC; and the management actions that are effective in enhancing this value. Overall this overview provides a comprehensive road map for the coming decades on future research in BC science.
424 citations
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TL;DR: The current meta-analysis suggests that SUA level is positively associated with the development of type 2 diabetes regardless of various study characteristics.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We searched Medline (31 March from 1966 to 2009) and Embase (31 March from 1980 to 2009) for observational cohort studies examining the association between SUA and the risk of type 2 diabetes by manual literature search. Relative risks (RRs) for each 1 mg/dl increase in SUA were pooled by using a random-effects model. The studies included were stratified into subgroups representing different study characteristics, and meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate the effect of these characteristics on the association between SUA level and type 2 diabetes risk. RESULTS The search yielded 11 cohort studies (42,834 participants) that reported 3,305 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during follow-up periods ranging from 2.0 to 13.5 years. The pooled RR of a 1 mg/dl increase in SUA was 1.17 (95% CI 1.09–1.25). Study results were consistently significant (i.e., >1) across characteristics of participants and study design. Publication bias was both visually and statistically suggested (P = 0.03 for Egger9s test, 0.06). Adjustment for publication bias attenuated the pooled RR per mg/dl increase in SUA (RR 1.11 [95% CI 1.03–1.20]), but the association remained statistically significant (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis suggests that SUA level is positively associated with the development of type 2 diabetes regardless of various study characteristics. Further research should attempt to determine whether it is effective to utilize SUA level as a predictor of type 2 diabetes for its primary prevention.
423 citations
Authors
Showing all 36572 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Aaron R. Folsom | 181 | 1118 | 134044 |
Kazuo Shinozaki | 178 | 668 | 128279 |
Hyun-Chul Kim | 176 | 4076 | 183227 |
Masayuki Yamamoto | 171 | 1576 | 123028 |
Hua Zhang | 163 | 1503 | 116769 |
Lewis L. Lanier | 159 | 554 | 86677 |
David Cella | 156 | 1258 | 106402 |
Takashi Taniguchi | 152 | 2141 | 110658 |
Yoshio Bando | 147 | 1234 | 80883 |
Kazuhiko Hara | 141 | 1956 | 107697 |
Janet Rossant | 138 | 416 | 71913 |
Christoph Paus | 137 | 1585 | 100801 |
Kohei Miyazono | 135 | 515 | 68706 |
Craig Blocker | 134 | 1379 | 94195 |
Fumihiko Ukegawa | 133 | 1492 | 94465 |