Showing papers by "University of Tübingen published in 1984"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest new standards and conventions for classifying therapy subjects into categories of improved, unimproved, and deteriorated based on response to treatment, and a two-fold criterion for determining improvement in a client is recommended, based on both statistical reliability and clinical significance.
1,295 citations
TL;DR: An age-structured epidemiologic model is investigated here, which also pays attention to the fact that children are promoted grade-wise into and out of school, and is shown to perform better than previous global mass-action models.
Abstract: An infection like measles does not spread uniformly in populations from Europe and North America. Of special importance is a pronounced age-dependency in the contact rates, because of increased infection transmission within schools. Therefore an age-structured epidemiologic model is investigated here, which also pays attention to the fact that children are promoted grade-wise into and out of school. Simulation results are contrasted with pre- and post-vaccination measles data from England and Wales and the model is shown to perform better than previous global mass-action models.
435 citations
TL;DR: The Menderes Massif has been studied in detail in this paper, where the authors present a review of the available stratigraphic evidence and combine it with new isotopic ages from the central and southern parts of the Massif to constrain the timing of major tectonic events that shaped the massif since the late Proterozoic.
Abstract: The Menderes Massif forms the western of the two large metamorphic culminations within the Turkish Alpide orogen. It has three major lithologic units, with a gneissic “core” at the base and a “schist” and a “marble” envelope overlying it successively, although relations between them have been largely obscured by the polymetamorphic and structurally complex history of the Massif. We present a review of the available stratigraphic evidence and combine it with new isotopic ages from the central and southern parts of the Massif to constrain the timing of major tectonic events that shaped the Massif since the late Proterozoic (Pt3). In the southern part of the Massif (sensu stricto) three episodes of deformation and metamorphism are distinguished, whereas in its northern part there are four. The first episode occurred at −500 ± 10 Ma with intense deformation and metamorphism at high grade amphibolite facies with local anatexis. In the central part of the Massif, the 470 ± 9 Ma-old now highly deformed tonalitic and granitic intrusions mark the end of this episode. On a Cambrian reconstruction of continents around the eastern Mediterranean, the Menderes Massif forms the southern end of the Pan-African orogenic collage of northeastern Africa and Arabia. The area of earliest Palaeozoic deformation in the Menderes may connect with the northwest African orogenic collage along the strike via the Bozburun and Saricicek diabases, arkoses, and schists in the center of the Karacahisar dome interpreted herein as fragments of a Pan-African suture. The earliest Palaeozoic deformations to affect the rocks were probably related to the last Pan-African collisions and associated postcollisional convergence. The southern part of the Massif was undeformed from early Ordovician to the early (? later) Eocene, whereas the northern part was deformed, metamorphosed and intruded possibly during the late Triassic, related to the closure of the Karakaya marginal basin of Palaeo-Tethys. The next major event affecting the whole of the Massif was the intense deformation and widespread metamorphism that reached high amphibolite grade in the structurally lower parts, and only greenschist grade in the outermost envelope. This metamorphism, here called the “main Menderes metamorphism” (MMM), is biostratigraphically constrained between early Eocene and early Oligocene time. Rb/Sr isotopic data show a spread of ages between 60 Ma and 25 Ma, with the greatest number of determinations around 35 ± 5 Ma. This number is in excellent agreement with the stratigraphic evidence and shows that MMM took place during latest Eocene time or at the transition from Eocene to Oligocene time. Along the northern border of the Massif, deformation and metamorphism had already taken place during the late Cretaceous in a high pressure/low temperature (HP/LT) metamorphic belt (northernmost part of Menderes Massif sensu lato), which was then covered by Palaeocene molasse. The evolution of the HP/LT belt was probably related to the obduction of the Bozkir ophiolites from the Izmir-Ankara branch of the Neo-Tethys ocean and preceded terminal collision in the evolution of the Massif. The MMM was a product of the latest Palaeocene collision across Neo-Tethys and the consequent internal imbrication of the Menderes-Taurus block that resulted in the burial of the Menderes Massif area beneath the Lycian nappe complex. A low grade metamorphic event dated at 10 to 5 Ma is interpreted to be related to the extensional deformation in the Aegean and western Turkey, which has been dated stratigraphically to have begun during the Tortonian(11.5 Ma).
325 citations
TL;DR: The bafilomycins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2, a new type of macrolide antibiotics with a 16-membered lactone ring, were isolated from the fermentation broth of three Streptomyces griseus strains by ethyl acetate extraction and column chromatography on silica gel.
Abstract: The bafilomycins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2, a new type of macrolide antibiotics with a 16-membered lactone ring, were isolated from the fermentation broth of three Streptomyces griseus strains (TU 1922, TU 2437, TU 2599) by ethyl acetate extraction and column chromatography on silica gel. The bafilomycins exhibit activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Physico-chemical data, chemical structures and biological activities are reported.
297 citations
TL;DR: Dihydroxylated salts produced a different time course of membrane leakage, ultrastructural changes and release of volume marker and lipid in liposomes, suggesting a possible different mechanism of damage induced by this bile salt.
283 citations
TL;DR: The fur gene region cloned into pACYC184 was analysed by restriction analysis, Tn1000 mutagenesis and complementation studies and the repression to wild-type levels was shown with lac fusions to the genes fiu, fepA and cir.
Abstract: In Escherichia coli the iron uptake systems are regulated by the fur gene product. The synthesis of the outer membrane proteins fiu, fepA, fecA, fhuA, fhuE and cir is derepressed at low iron concentrations in the medium or constitutive in a fur mutant. The fur gene region cloned into pACYC184 was analysed by restriction analysis, Tn1000 mutagenesis and complementation studies. The presence of fur+ plasmids repressed synthesis of the proteins fepA, fecA, fhuE and cir in a chromosomal fur mutant. More quantitatively, the repression to wild-type levels was shown with lac fusions to the genes fiu, fepA and cir. In minicells an 18,000 dalton protein was identified as the fur gene product. Correlated with the fur protein a slightly smaller protein, possibly a degradation product, was observed. The gene fur was mapped on the E. coli chromosome near nagA at about 15.5 min.
196 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the translational and point symmetries of the projected n-grid are analyzed, and a projection of the cubic 12-grid from E12 to E3 based on H = A(5) yields a non-periodic 12grid.
Abstract: A periodic lattice in \bb En is associated with an n-grid and its dual, and with a point symmetry group G. Given a subgroup H of G, a subspace \bb Em, m < n, of \bb En, invariant under H, is chosen and a projection of the n-grid from \bb En to \bb Em is defined. The translational and point symmetries of the projected n-grid are analyzed. A projection of the cubic n-grid from \bb En to \bb En-1 based on H = S(n) yields a periodic n-grid. A projection of the cubic 12-grid from \bb E12 to \bb E3 based on H = A(5) yields a non-periodic 12-grid. This 12- grid is characterized by three real numbers and from its projection has a well defined orientation. The dual to this 12-grid yields a generalization of the non-periodic Penrose patterns from two to three dimensions.
186 citations
TL;DR: A Bacillus-strain was isolated from spoiled apple juice as mentioned in this paper, which was acidophilic with a growth range between pH 2.5 and 5.5, and lipid analysis demonstrated the occurrence of omega-cyclohexane fatty acids and hopanoids.
Abstract: A Bacillus-strain was isolated from spoiled apple juice. This strain was acidophilic with a growth range between pH 2.5 and 5.5. Lipid analysis demonstrated the occurrence of omega-cyclohexane fatty acids and hopanoids. As these cell constituents have among bacilli been found only in Bacillus acidocaldarius strains, our isolated microorganism seems to be related to this species. Our organism could be a threat to fruit juices during storage at elevated temperatures (greater than or equal to 26 degrees C) because its spores were able to survive pasteurization conditions.
183 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a peak form analysis of interconverting enantiomers during their resolution on a chiral stationary phase in a gas chromatographic column is presented, which allows for the first time the quantitative assessment of peak distortions arising from enantiomerization occurring in the stationary phase.
170 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The interpretation of Ediacara-type body fossils in terms of modern soft-bodied metazoans must be questioned as discussed by the authors, since their morphology rather suggests foliate, non-locomotory quasi-autotrophs.
Abstract: The interpretation of Ediacara-type body fossils in terms of modern soft-bodied metazoans must be questioned. Their morphology rather suggests foliate, non-locomotory quasi-autotrophs. Their mode of preservation, which has no counterpart in comparable post-Vendian rocks, remains problematical, since associated trace fossils attest to oxic conditions and the presence of worm-like heterotrophic burrowers in the same environment. It seems that Vendian biota mark not simply a non-skeletal start of metazoan evolution, but a distinct episode in the history of life that was followed by a major extinction.
146 citations
TL;DR: This paper will address the pathophysiology of CBP, the somatic conceptualizations that have been developed, and the treatment modalities that has been employed to alleviate the symptoms.
Abstract: This is the first part of an extended review of the etiology and treatment of chronic back pain (CBP). This paper will address the pathophysiology of CBP, the somatic conceptualizations that have been developed, and the treatment modalities that have been employed to alleviate the symptoms. The adequacy of the different models and treatments will be critically examined. The second paper in this set will examine psychological models and interventions. Common problems to both somatic and psychological approaches will be discussed at the close of the second paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, a chiral recognition-factor CHI is proposed, given by the difference of the enthalpy change in the enantiomer discrimination, standardized with respect to the specific interaction of the solutes with the diamide core of the stationary phase.
Abstract: Chiral recognition of many enantiomeric solutes by a chiral amide stationary phase is based mainly on hydrogen bonding. A chiral-recognition-factor CHI is proposed, given by the difference of the enthalpy change in the enantiomer discrimination, standardized with respect to the specific interaction of the solutes with the diamide core of the stationary phase. The role of the entropy part is also discussed. By extrapolation of the retention behaviour to elevated temperature, peak inversion of enantiomers is predicted.
TL;DR: The distribution of androgen and estrogen binding sites in the mouse epididymis was assessed by autoradiography with 3H dihydrotestosterone (3H DHT) and 3H estradiol(3H E2) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The distribution of androgen and estrogen binding sites in the mouse epididymis was assessed by autoradiography with 3H dihydrotestosterone (3H DHT) and 3H estradiol (3H E2). Nuclear labeling with 3H DHT in principal cells of the epithelium is high in the caput, low in the corpus, and high again in the cauda. 3H E2 also binds to the nuclei of principal cells. The pattern is distinct from 3H DHT: nuclear labeling is highest in the ductulus efferens and high in the caput, but low or absent in corpus and cauda. Apical cells in caput and clear cells in corpus and cauda are moderately labeled with 3H DHT but heavily labeled with 3H E2. Connective tissue cells show variable labeling with both hormones, being more pronounced with 3H E2. Smooth muscle cells are also labeled to varying degrees with both hormones. The different binding patterns of 3H DHT and 3H E2 and the results of the competition studies with unlabeled compounds demonstrate that in the epididymis besides the specific nuclear receptors for androgen also estrogen receptors are present.
TL;DR: A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of hopanoids with an elongated side chain was developed in this paper, where the contents of extended hopanoid increased strongly with increasing temperature and moderately with decreasing pH.
Abstract: A gas-liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of hopanoids with an elongated side chain was developed. After extraction of lipids from Bacillus acidocaldarius, periodate oxidation, reduction and acetylation the 1-hydroxyethane-29-hopane acetate was quantitated by comparison with 1-octadecanyl-glycerol ether. The contents of extended hopanoids increased strongly with increasing temperature and moderately with decreasing pH. Hopene showed no significant alteration with temperature and pH.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: This paper reports on the literature treating the subject and a number of the authors' own studies on patients with postural ataxia and cerebellar disorders of eye movements and a major part of this review has already been published elsewhere.
Abstract: The unique structure of the cerebellum suggests a specific function of this part of the brain. Its nature, however, is poorly understood. Given the anatomical uniformity of the cerebellar cortex one may wonder whether it will be possible to localize functions of a principally different type within the cerebellar mantle. Even, if this were not the case, it is important to realize that there may exist functional localization as the result of the very specific afferent and efferent connections of a particular cerebellar area. Aside from these questions of a more basic significance, it is of clinical importance to know whether there are symptoms that allow for localization. This paper reports on the literature treating the subject and a number of our own studies on patients with postural ataxia and cerebellar disorders of eye movements. A major part of this review has already been published elsewhere (Dichgans 1984). So far the literature mainly contains studies with lesions in animals and rather few studies on patients with lesions that are well limited and precisely localized, e.g. by CT-scanning in recent years.
16 Jul 1984
TL;DR: For fixed m, the time complexity is O(m(n(n−5 + varepsilon) + n−3 (log|f|)^{2 + \varepsion } )) for fixed m = 2,4, until some m with m/2 n/2 (possibly f itself) is obtained as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: All steps described in the preceding section for fixed m are certainly covered by the rather crude bound of \(O(m(n^{5 + \varepsilon } + n^3 (log|f|)^{2 + \varepsilon } ))\) bit operations. For a factor p of degree \(k \leqslant \frac{n}{2}\) this bound applies for m=2,4,... until some m with m/2 n/2 (possibly f itself), thus the final time bound \(O(n^{6 + \varepsilon } + n^4 (log|f|)^{2 + \varepsilon } ))\) is obtained.
TL;DR: Simple techniques involving less energy and capital were tested for their suitability and demonstrated that Spirulina represents an unobjectionable source of unconventional protein of good quality.
TL;DR: The most significant result was that caloric mystagmus of the same direction as on the earth could also be evoked in the weightless environment.
Abstract: During the flight of Spacelab 1 the crew performed a number of experiments to explore changes in vestibular function and visual-vestibular interactions on exposure to microgravity. Measurements were made on the threshold for detection of linear oscillation, vestibulo-ocular reflexes elicited by angular and linear movements, oculomotor and posture responses to optokinetic stimulations, and responses to caloric stimulation. Tests were also conducted on the ground, during the 4 months before and on days 1 to 6 after flight. The most significant result was that caloric mystagmus of the same direction as on the earth could also be evoked in the weightless environment.
TL;DR: Pseudomonads are shown to comprise five distinct groupings, but none of the five groupings so defined is phylogenetically comprehensive - i.e., none comprises exclusively pseudomonad phenotypes.
TL;DR: The Tafilalt platform is an approximately N-S running ridge which developed since the late Middle Devonian as mentioned in this paper, separating a slowly subsiding shallow basin in the east (TafilALT Basin) from a rapidly subsiding furrow in the west (Mader Basin).
Abstract: As a result of early Variscan tectonic movements and of differential subsidence, a platform and basin topography was created along the northern margin of the Sahara Craton during the late Devonian. In the Moroccan Anti-Atlas Mountains, the Tafilalt Platform is an approximately N-S running ridge which developed since the late Middle Devonian. It separated a slowly subsiding shallow basin in the east (Tafilalt Basin) from a rapidly subsiding furrow in the west (Mader Basin). Platform deposits are characterized by highly reduced thicknesses, shallow subtidal to supratidal deposits in the late Frasnian and by unconformities at the Lower/Upper Frasnian and the Frasnian/Famennian boundaries. After a local transgression over emergent areas in the north, water depth probably never reached more than several tens to about 100 m in the lower Famennian. Cephalopod limestones of this age, deposited on the platform, represent a very diverse facies pattern comprising quartz-rich brachiopod coquinas, crinoidal limestones, thick-bedded cephalopod limestones and nodular limestones. Sedimentation rates ranged from 1 to 5 mm/ 1000 yr. In the late Famennian more uniform marl and nodular limestone facies suggest slightly deeper environments. Platform margins are characterized by higher rates of subsidence, debris flow deposits and slump structures. In the relatively shallow Tafilalt Basin, marls with intercalated nodular limestones were deposited. In the Mader Basin, sandy and calcareous turbidites suggest deeper water conditions in the late Devonian. During the Strunian/Tournaisian the whole area was overwhelmed by a thick deltaic sequence. The general facies distribution is in agreement with depositional models of other Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous cephalopod limestones in the European Variscan orogenic belts. In all these cases, condensed cephalopod limestones occupy a distinct palaeogeographic position in predictable facies sequences that reflect pre-orogenic phases in the Variscan geodynamic cycle. Moreover, close parallels exist with condensed sequences in the Triassic and Jurassic that occur in a very similar position within the Alpine orogenic cycle.
TL;DR: EMG responses to angular displacement of the ankle were recorded from leg muscles in a group of 17 alcoholics who presented with clinical signs of cerebellar atrophy of the anterior lobe and the integral of the long latency response of the antagonist tended to increase with continued abuse and to decrease in abstinent patients.
Abstract: Postural instability was measured and short, medium and long latency EMG responses to angular displacement of the ankle were recorded from leg muscles in a group of 17 alcoholics who presented with clinical signs of cerebellar atrophy of the anterior lobe. Recordings were performed twice (average interval 18.5 months) to determine the effects of continued drinking versus abstinence on the signs of the cerebellar damage. Patients who were abstinent (n=11) exhibited a significant, sometimes dramatic decrease of body sway whereas patients who continued drinking (n=6) showed increased body sway when the eyes were closed. Short and medium latency EMG responses were unaltered in both groups of patients. The integral of the long latency response of the antagonist tended to increase with continued abuse and to decrease in abstinent patients.
TL;DR: Aalenian and Bajocian ammonite faunas in the south German depositional basin have been studied in this paper, showing that inflated, evolute, and ornamented shells with complex suture lines are successively replaced with discoidal, involute, smooth shells with simpler sutures.
Abstract: The phenomenon of iterative evolution of homeomorphs in identical temporal sequences is exhibited by Aalenian and Bajocian ammonite faunas in the south German depositional basin. Within each evolutionary cycle, inflated, evolute, and ornamented shells with complex suture lines are successively replaced with discoidal, involute, smooth shells with simpler sutures. Three distinct and identical cycles of morphological change occur, and involve ammonites belonging to four different familial/subfamilial groups: the Leioceratinae, Graphoceratinae, Hammatoceratidae, and Sonniniidae. Geometric and statistical analyses of morphological change within each of these higher taxa reveal remarkable iteration in both the pattern and proportion of change with time. The iterative morphological cycles were not driven by orthogenesis or anagenetic transformation within lineages, as has been previously suggested. A clear correlation exists between the successive ammonite faunas and repeated cyclical changes in the physical marine environment of the depositional basin. D Ammonoidea, Aalenian, Bajocian, south Germany, iterative evolution.
TL;DR: In vivo pool sizes of a range of metabolites have been determined in subcellular fractions of darkened and illuminated mesophyll protoplasts of Avena sativa L. by combining a method of rapid protoplast fractionation with enzymic cycling techniques.
Abstract: In vivo pool sizes of a range of metabolites have been determined in subcellular fractions of darkened and illuminated mesophyll protoplasts of Avena sativa L. These estimations were made by combining a method of rapid protoplast fractionation with enzymic cycling techniques. Results are given for reduced and oxidized pyridine nucleotides, triose phosphates, 3-phosphoglycerate, inorganic phosphate, aspartate, malate, oxaloacetate, glutamate, 2-oxoglutarate, and citrate, from chloroplasts, mitochondria, and a fraction representing the remainder of the protoplast. The results indicate distinct differences of compartmented levels of certain metabolites between darkened and illuminated protoplasts.
TL;DR: In this article, a self-consistent determination of the fragment total kinetic energy was achieved by comparing the results obtained via the respective velocities and pulse heights, and a striking discrepancy exists for the number of fission neutrons, where the increase in the total number of neutrons is totally accounted for by heavy fragments alone.
Abstract: We report on a complete ($2E,2v$) experiment for fast neutron induced fission on $^{235}\mathrm{U}$. The energy dependence of fragment properties so far known only for thermal neutron induced fission is studied. Experimental problems as well as difficulties in data analysis are considered in detail in order to obtain clean and unbiased results. In particular, a self-consistent determination of the fragment total kinetic energy (${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$) was achieved by comparing the results obtained via the respective velocities and pulse heights. We find systematic discrepancies of 2 MeV if ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$ is determined from the observed pulse heights with the calibration scheme of Schmitt et al. Therefore, refined calibration constants were deduced by comparison with accurate radiochemical mass yields. Measurements were performed at neutron energies of 0.50 and 5.55 MeV. Our results include mean values of fragment properties before and after neutron evaporation, e.g., of fragment velocities and masses, total kinetic energies, and the respective variances. We also show the distributions of fragment mass, of ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$, and of the variance of ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}$. In addition, the number of prompt fission neutrons $\ensuremath{
u}$ is given as a function of fragment mass. Our resolution of 2.1 mass units reveals fine structure not only in the fragment mass distribution but also in ${E}_{K,\mathrm{tot}}({A}^{*})$ and $\ensuremath{
u}({A}^{*})$. For the lower neutron energy of 0.50 MeV the present results compare reasonably well with similar measurements performed with thermal neutrons. Apparently the 0.5 MeV increase in saddle point excitation does not alter the results significantly. The improved accuracy of this measurement is demonstrated by comparison of our neutron emission data with direct measurements of fission neutrons. At the higher neutron energy of 5.55 MeV we observe the expected decrease of shell and pairing effects which indicates an increase in nuclear temperature. These results are in qualitative agreement with the model of Wilkins, Chasman, and Steinberg. However, a striking discrepancy exists for the number of fission neutrons, where we find that the increase in the total number of fission neutrons is totally accounted for by heavy fragments alone.
TL;DR: This procedure is considerably simpler and faster than the time-consuming standard method of microscopically controlled surgery and no recurrences of lesions excised with this method were observed during a 31-year observation period.
Abstract: The edges of 742 basal-cell carcinoma specimens were evaluated histologically to assess subclinical extension and to ensure radical excision. This procedure is considerably simpler and faster than the time-consuming standard method of microscopically controlled surgery. No recurrences of lesions excised with this method were observed during a 3 1/2-year observation period.
TL;DR: Raman et al. as discussed by the authors presented an etude complete chimique et physico-chimique des consequences du dopage par l'iode de ces polymeres de coordination.
Abstract: Preparation des polymeres {[Fe(PC)(λ-pyz)]Iy} n ou Pc=la phtalocyanine et pyz=la pyrazine. Premiere etude complete chimique et physicochimique des consequences du dopage par l'iode de ces polymeres de coordination. Structure moleculaire. Thermogravimetrie, analyse thermique differentielle. Spectres Raman, IR, RPE, Mossbauer. Diagramme de poudre. Conductivite electrique
01 Jun 1984
TL;DR: First steps in the conditioning of brainstem, as well as pain evoked potentials suggest that self-regulation of EPs can be achieved by adequate biofeedback procedures, and if some of the observed behavioral effects prove to be stable, the therapeutic usefulness seems to be within reach.
Abstract: Research on operant control of brain potentials is reviewed. From single-unit firing and spontaneous EEG activity to event-related potentials such as sensory and pain evoked potentials, and slow potential shifts, most of the aspects of electrical brain activity have been investigated. Results produced by conditioning of spontaneous EEG oscillations (alpha and theta) dampened the early enthusiasm: e.g., no increase above baseline levels could be achieved and no reliable behavioral effects became manifest. Evidence accumulates, however, that operant conditioning of the sensorimotor rhythm (12–15 Hz) may lead to successful self-regulation and that epileptic patients may profit from the training. First steps in the conditioning of brainstem, as well as pain evoked potentials suggest that self-regulation of EPs can be achieved by adequate biofeedback procedures. If some of the observed behavioral effects prove to be stable, the therapeutic usefulness seems to be within reach. A comparable progress has been achieved for the operant control of slow potentials (DC-shifts across seconds). Biofeedback procedures have been used successfully as a scientific tool to achieve systematic variations on a psychological level and to record psychological covariations. This method may provide insights into the behavioral meaning of electrical brain activity.
TL;DR: In conclusion, isolated enterocytes of guinea pig posses an active transport system for uridine and the stimulatory effect of Na+ was related to the transmembraneous Na+-gradient.