Showing papers by "University of Turin published in 1973"
TL;DR: The phospholipid and cholesterol content of mitochondria and microsomes isolated from rat liver and Morris hepatoma 5 123 are studied to find functional changes which could be related to high fragility and to an increased resistance to deformation and stretching.
72 citations
TL;DR: Muscle vasodilatation was the primary vascular reaction to changes from resting condition to alertness, the mesenteric and renal vessels being only slightly constricted or unaffected.
Abstract: The changes in mesenteric, renal and hindlimb circulations during natural emotional stress have been investigated in dogs. Arterial pressure showed a moderate and generally byphasic rise. Heart rate rose markedly in most experiments, but tended to return towards control values more rapidly than blood pressure. Both mesenteric and renal vascular resistance were increased. In the kidney, however, the vasoconstriction was less constant and in most instances less pronounced than in splanchnic viscera. This suggested a relatively high “threshold” of the central neuron pools controlling the renal vessels. Also, the reduction of blood flow was less sustained in the renal than in meseteric vessels, probably because of the action of autoregulatory mechanisms in the kidney. In hindlimb skeletal muscles, emotional stress produced a vasodilatation which appeared to be independent of the blood pressure rise and, at least to a large extent, of muscle activity. Most likely, the effect was due to sympathetic vasodilator fiber activation, though there was some indication that vasoconstrictor fibers to skeletal muscles were also activated. The observation that muscle vasodilatation invariably occurred in response to very different emotional stimuli suggests that it is a component of most, if not all, emotional reaction patterns in dogs. Muscle vasodilatation was the primary vascular reaction to changes from resting condition to alertness, the mesenteric and renal vessels being only slightly constricted or unaffected.
63 citations
55 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of impurities and slight deformations as factors modifying the kinetics of normal grain growth after primary recrystallization in pure iron was investigated, and 2.0% elongation was found to be, in their conditions, the critical strain limit for secondary re-stallization.
Abstract: The effect of impurities and of slight deformations as factors modifying the kinetics of normal grain growth after primary recrystallization in pure iron is investigated. Samples of pure iron and Armco iron, each with or without a content of precipitated oxides, were examined. Inclusions inhibit grain growth up to high temperatures, whilst the influence of strain depends on its amount: very low deformations (∼2%) generally block grain growth; for deformations around 5%, secondary recrystallization takes place; higher deformations (∼10%) accelerate the early stages of growth, leading to not very large final grain dimensions. 2.0% elongation has been found to be, in our conditions, the critical strain limit for secondary recrystallization.
53 citations
TL;DR: The present investigation extends preliminary findings and offers new biochemical evidences for the hypothesis suggested by the relationship between the toxicity and the level of the bond dissociation energy of bromotrichloromethane, showing that CBrCl3 administration induces a more rapid and extensive free radical reaction in liver than CCl4.
Abstract: Morphological studies [1, 2] have shown that bromotrichloromethane behaves as a more dangerous hepatotoxin than carbon tetrachloride.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that the degassed adsorbent would chemisorb Hz even at room temperature, in distinct contrast to the behaviour of ordinary silica, and it quickly became apparent that the three-step activation procedure-methoxylation, pyrolysis, and subsequent degassing-led to the formation of a silica adorbent that was remarkably "active" in comparison with ordinary silicas.
Abstract: Some time ago, during studies of the reactions of methanol with silica surfaces, it was found that if a silica whose surface had been exhaustively methoxylated was heated in vacuo, the infrared absorptions caused by surface methoxy groups declined and a new infrared band appeared. Apparently, some new surface species had been formed, and, to obtain some information about the species’ stability, we subjected the adsorbent to further heating in vucuo. The new species, which was thought to be a surface silane of some sort because of the band‘s frequency, was slowly removed by pumping at high temperatures.’ Then, in order to see if our suspicions about the band‘s origin were reasonable, we exposed the degassed adsorbent to Hz . However, instead of the band’s being merely restored to its initial intensity, another new band was formed, and it was found that the degassed adsorbent would chemisorb Hz even at room temperature, in distinct contrast to the behaviour of ordinary silica. Further experimentation followed, and it quickly became apparent that the three-step activation procedure-methoxylation, pyrolysis, and subsequent degassing-led to the formation of a silica adsorbent that was remarkably “active” in comparison with ordinary silica. The new adsorbent, termed reactive silica (RS), not only was “active” but was capable of chemisorption reactions completely unlike those reported for ordinary silicas. The new reactions and the new surface species that were detected promised to provide a novel aspect of the surface chemistry of silica that might be pertinent to an understanding of surface effects and perhaps be useful to the technology of adsorbents, catalysts, structural ceramics, coupling agents, and the like. Consequently, extensive work was carried out to characterize RS and to attempt to discover the cause of its novel properties. Some results dealing with the formation of RS by the thermal collapse of methoxy groups of methoxylated Aerosil,’*z the nature of the surface silicon hydr ide~ ,~ and the formation of boron hydrides and
47 citations
TL;DR: Assuming that the second spike in “Rana Esculenta” could be attributed to an influence of the soma, a series of experiments are developed in order to verify this assumption.
Abstract: When the sensory fibres in “Rana Esculenta” are stimulated with trains of square pulses, having a duration of 100 μsec, with frequencies between 20 and 100 Hz, the T-shaped cells of spinal ganglia (which are electrically excitable and respond to low frequency stimulation producing an action potential) are progressively affected by fatigue. For this reason the cellular spike (S spike) is generated with an increasing delay after the non-myelinated (NM spike) and myelinated (M spike) component of the action potential.
39 citations
TL;DR: Axonal transport in chick embryonic retinal neurons was studied after intraocular injection of [3H]proline or fucose, and a large number of relatively high mol.
36 citations
09 Aug 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the presence and distribution of calcitonin-and ACTH-producing cells have been investigated by means of specific immunofluorescence in a case of medullary-type thyroid carcinoma associated with hyper-calcitoninaemia and Cushing's syndrome.
Abstract: The presence and distribution of calcitonin- and ACTH-producing cells have been investigated, by means of specific immunofluorescence in a case of medullary-type thyroid carcinoma associated with hyper-calcitoninaemia and Cushing's syndrome. An ultrastructural study of the same tumour already reported (Bordi, Anversa and Vitali-Mazza, 1972) revealed the presence of two different types of endocrine cell. Two main endocrine cell populations have been demonstrated by immunofluorescence: one, arranged in clusters, producing calcitonin, the other, less numerous and mostly arranged in duct-like structures, containing ACTH.
33 citations
TL;DR: Diabetic manifestations such as high insulin requirement, insulin allergy, insulin lipoatrophy and diabetic microangiopathy showed — in some instances — a clinical course independent of immunological modifications.
Abstract: The immunogenicity of pork Monocomponent (MC) Lente insulin (Monotard®) was studied for more than one year in a clinical trial series of 43 insulin-dependent diabetics in comparison with Monospecies (MS) Lente pork insulin (5 X crystallized, not monocomponent). The antigenicity was estimated by determination of total extractable serum insulin by radioimmunoassay and of I-125 insulin-binding of the serum IgG measured by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. MC Lente insulin was nonimmunogenic in newly diagnosed diabetics: at the end of the observation, the antibody titre was generally under the level of detection. Long-term diabetics transferred to MC Lente insulin from conventional insulin preparations showed a marked reduction in the high initial levels of insulin antibodies, sometimes with a multiphasic pattern; low initial levels remained unchanged at the end of the trial. MS Lente insulin was found to be, even if weakly, immunogenic in newly diagnosed diabetics. In long-term insulin-treated diabetics transferred to MS Lente insulin a tendency to reduction in the high antibody starting level was often observed. Diabetic manifestations such as high insulin requirement, insulin allergy, insulin lipoatrophy and diabetic microangiopathy showed — in some instances — a clinical course independent of immunological modifications. Clinical control of diabetes achieved both with MC and MS Lente insulins was rated as good. There was no ketosis or severe hypoglycaemia, and the daily insulin requirement was reduced in several cases.
30 citations
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this paper, a chaleur differentielle for adaption of eau adsorbee sur les echantillons prives completement d'hydroxyles correspond a la restauration de la couche d’hydroxyls and est egale a la quantite adsorbees ensuite dans la monocouche d'eau moleculaire.
Abstract: On a etudie les chaleurs d’adsorption de vapeur d’eau sur alumine « eta » a l’aide d’un microcalorimetre Tian-Calvet associe a une rampe volumetrique. Les echantillons ont ete pretraites a differentes temperatures, de 25 jusqu’a 740 °C, et l’adsorption et la desorption ont ete suivies dans tout le domaine des pressions relatives.Sur les echantillons deshydroxyles on observe successivement : d’abord une chimisorption dissociative, une forte adsorption d’eau moleculaire, l’edification de couches multiples et le remplissage des pores.La rehydroxylation superficielle presente une chaleur differentielle initiale de l’ordre de 40 Kcal. mol-1 et son evolution en fonction du recouvrement revele l’existence d’une heterogeneite superficielle.La quantite de vapeur d’eau adsorbee sur les echantillons prives completement d’hydroxyles correspond a la restauration de la couche d’hydroxyles et est egale a la quantite adsorbee ensuite dans la monocouche d’eau moleculaire, confirmant le modele qui suppose l’adsorption d’une molecule d’eau sur chaque couple d’hydroxyles.La chaleur differentielle pour l’adsorption moleculaire decroit d’une valeur initiale de 20 Kcal.mol-1 a une valeur proche de la chaleur de condensation a l'achevement de la monocouche, indiquant l’existence de liaisons hydrogene fortes.L’edification des multicouches (0,1 ≤ p/p0 ≤ 0,4) et la condensation capillaire (0,4 ≤ p/p0 ≤ 0,7) se poursuivent a chaleur differentielle constante : la representation des cycles d’adsorption-desorption par des diagrammes de chaleurs integrales en fonction de p/p0 donne lieu a des boucles d’hyste- resis typiques de la texture poreuse du solide.
TL;DR: Individual chimpanzee chromosomes have been identified by their characteristic banding revealed by quinacrine fluorescent staining, finding that chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 12, 14 and X-chromosome of the chimpanzee appear to have banding patterns similar to the equivalent human chromosomes.
TL;DR: In the cat two asymmetrical foci were created by injection of cobalt-alumina intracortically after an initial period of asynchronous epileptic activity, time-locked discharges represented the EEG pattern until death 2–4 months after surgery.
TL;DR: This is a revised list including more recent data on Primate hybrids, showing the species hybridized, the vitality (survival period) and fertility of the hybrids, the number of hybrids of each type, the location of the hybrid births and the source of the information.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the possible contribution given by the enhancement of lipid peroxidation to the pathogenesis of CCl 4 -induced fatty liver could depend on further structural and functional alterations occurring in the cytoplasmic environment of hepatocytes rather than the early radical attack onto the unsaturated lipids of liver microsomes is supported.
TL;DR: In sections of the pituitary of the newt treated with fluorescent antiprolactin globulin, a green fluorescent antigen-antibody complex is present only in the acidophilic cells localized in the dorsocentral region of the distal lobe.
TL;DR: A neurohormone with long-lasting cardioexcitatory action on the isolated heart of cephalopods, has been extracted from the neurosecretory system of the vena cava (NSV system), and is not identifiable with any catecholamine or indole compound known to be present in cep Halopod tissues.
TL;DR: In this article, the last stable trinuclear intermediate in the cyclotrimerization reaction and seems to contain the three ligand molecules joined together, and it does in fact give hexaphenylbenzene readily by thermal decomposition.
TL;DR: Epicardial activation of atrial and ventricles, endocardialactivation of the ventricle, and intramural activation of the interventricular septum, were studied in 11 isolated, revived, and perfused human fetal hearts.
TL;DR: In this paper, a min-max approach is taken, when input and initial conditions run over given admissible sets, and methods for evaluating suitable functionals to be minimized by the optimal model are developed.
Abstract: This paper is concerned with the approximation of complex dynamical systems by simple models. A min-max approach is taken, when input and initial conditions run over given admissible sets. Methods for evaluating suitable functionals to be minimized by theoptimal model are developed. The existence of an element ofbast approximation is prooved for a large class of problems. The homogeneous case in Hilbert spaces is investigated in more detail.
TL;DR: Pulmonary scintiscanning with 67 gallium seemed particularly useful to detect the presence of metastases involving either the regional lymph nodes or the mediastinum, and to show whether some radiologic pictures of suspected lymph node metastases are merely hyperplastic reactions.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions of simple gases with reactive silica surfaces (prepared by hightemperature degassing of methoxylated Aerosil) were studied using mainly infrared spectroscopic and quantitative gas adsorption measurements.
TL;DR: The lipid peroxidative phenomena (diene conjugation absorption), evidenced in rats intoxicated with the halogenated hydrocarbon, were enhanced by pretreatment with PB, while 3-MC, in this respect, had no effect.
TL;DR: It is concluded that, during hypersecretion in pylorus-ligated rats, the various types of endocrine cells respond in different ways and the ECL cells of the fundic mucosa show evidences of being involved in a marked protein synthetic (possibly endocrine) activity.
Abstract: To get new information on the patho-physiology of the endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa and to investigate their role in the gastric secretion, an histochemical and electronmicroscopical investigation has been undertaken during experimental acute gastric hypersecretion induced in rats by pyloric ligation (Shay rats). Of the various types of endocrine cells, the ECL (entero-chromaffine-like) cells of the fundic mucosa showed ultrastructural evidences of marked activity (partial degranulation, formation of pro-granules, increase in ribosomes and enlargement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum). By histochemical techniques, cells interpreted as ECL cells showed a progressive decrease in argyrophilia, dopamine storage after L-DOPA administration, and histamine content. Other cell types, such as the A-like and EC cells were apparently unaffected. The antral G cells appeared, in the electron microscope, to be fully granulated and therefore probably inactive. It is concluded that, during hypersecretion in pylorus-ligated rats:
Since the gastric hypersecretion in Shay rats is believed to be due to a vagal reflex, it can be suggested that the ECL cells, probably under a vagal control, play a role in the gastric secretion.
TL;DR: Estimation of the activity of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (taken as a test of the functional condition of the adrenal glands) showed that it decreases in salt water animals and was further enhanced by prolactin treatment.
TL;DR: It is considered that honey amylase may be treated as being of animal origin, because it displayed well-marked pH peaks at 7·2 and 5·9 respectively and the optimum temperature was 45°C, with total inactivity at 75°C.
Abstract: 1 1 Robinia pseudo-acacia honey and Apis mellifera food gland amylase display optimal activity at pH 5·6–5·9 and 45°C, with a persistent feeble activity at 80°C The chloride ions (0·1 M) are the activators of both enzymes 2 2 R pseudo-acacia nectar and Sambucus nigra pollen amylase, on the other hand, displayed well-marked pH peaks at 7·2 and 5·9 respectively The optimum temperature was 45°C, with total inactivity at 75°C 3 3 It is therefore considered that honey amylase may be treated as being of animal origin
TL;DR: The fine structure of the Squilla ommatidium suggests that elastic scattering of light may occur in the rhabdom, and a detailed study of this phenomenon allows us to interpret the movement of the pigment granules of the retinula cells and the corresponding change of the Rhabdom shape in light — and dark — adaptation.
Abstract: The fine structure of the Squilla ommatidium suggests that elastic scattering of light may occur in the rhabdom. A detailed study of this phenomenon allows us to interpret the movement of the pigment granules of the retinula cells and the corresponding change of the rhabdom shape in light — and dark — adaptation.
TL;DR: Treatment of normal adult rats with carbenoxolone results in significant increases in a number of components of the gastric mucus and mucosa, which may be related to the mechanism of the ulcer-healing action of the drug.
Abstract: treatment with carbenoxolone sodium resulted in thc increase of free and bound sialic acids to those values found in normal subjects, but no increase above control values was observed. The work now reported shows that treatment of normal adult rats with carbenoxolone results in significant increases in a number of components of the gastric mucus and mucosa. This may be related to the mechanism of the ulcer-healing action of the drug, and may provide a biological model for the evaluation of ulcer-healing potential. The present evidence indicates that the. major effect of carbenoxolone is on the carbohydrate moieties of glycoprotein and their incorporation into mucus.
TL;DR: It is concluded that a significant proximodistal migration of RNA occurs in the optic pathway of chick embryos prior to the onset of electrical activity.