Showing papers by "University of Turin published in 2021"
Harvard University1, University of California, San Francisco2, University of Amsterdam3, Northwestern University4, International Agency for Research on Cancer5, Aix-Marseille University6, University of Toronto7, The Chinese University of Hong Kong8, German Cancer Research Center9, University of Düsseldorf10, University of Turin11, Heidelberg University12, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital13
TL;DR: The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, is the sixth version of the international standard for the classification of brain and spinal cord tumors as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, is the sixth version of the international standard for the classification of brain and spinal cord tumors. Building on the 2016 updated fourth edition and the work of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy, the 2021 fifth edition introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in CNS tumor classification. At the same time, it remains wedded to other established approaches to tumor diagnosis such as histology and immunohistochemistry. In doing so, the fifth edition establishes some different approaches to both CNS tumor nomenclature and grading and it emphasizes the importance of integrated diagnoses and layered reports. New tumor types and subtypes are introduced, some based on novel diagnostic technologies such as DNA methylome profiling. The present review summarizes the major general changes in the 2021 fifth edition classification and the specific changes in each taxonomic category. It is hoped that this summary provides an overview to facilitate more in-depth exploration of the entire fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System.
2,908 citations
Daniel J. Klionsky1, Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz2, Sara Abdelfatah3, Mahmoud Abdellatif4 +2980 more•Institutions (777)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
1,129 citations
German Cancer Research Center1, Novo Nordisk2, University of Zurich3, University of Barcelona4, Newcastle University5, Medical University of Vienna6, University of Tübingen7, University Hospital Heidelberg8, Weizmann Institute of Science9, Max Planck Society10, Technische Universität München11, Heidelberg University12, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai13, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens14, University of Turin15, University of Cambridge16, University of Florence17, Paris Diderot University18, Humanitas University19, Hannover Medical School20, University of Hamburg21, University of Mainz22, University of Düsseldorf23, Cornell University24, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center25, Harvard University26, University of Cologne27, Leibniz Association28, University of Bern29, Mount Sinai Hospital30, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center31, Kindai University32, National Yang-Ming University33, Taipei Veterans General Hospital34, University of Grenoble35, French Institute of Health and Medical Research36, Imperial College London37, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies38
TL;DR: The progressive accumulation of exhausted, unconventionally activated CD8+PD1+ T cells in NASH-affected livers provides a rationale for stratification of patients with HCC according to underlying aetiology in studies of immunotherapy as a primary or adjuvant treatment.
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can have viral or non-viral causes1-5. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an important driver of HCC. Immunotherapy has been approved for treating HCC, but biomarker-based stratification of patients for optimal response to therapy is an unmet need6,7. Here we report the progressive accumulation of exhausted, unconventionally activated CD8+PD1+ T cells in NASH-affected livers. In preclinical models of NASH-induced HCC, therapeutic immunotherapy targeted at programmed death-1 (PD1) expanded activated CD8+PD1+ T cells within tumours but did not lead to tumour regression, which indicates that tumour immune surveillance was impaired. When given prophylactically, anti-PD1 treatment led to an increase in the incidence of NASH-HCC and in the number and size of tumour nodules, which correlated with increased hepatic CD8+PD1+CXCR6+, TOX+, and TNF+ T cells. The increase in HCC triggered by anti-PD1 treatment was prevented by depletion of CD8+ T cells or TNF neutralization, suggesting that CD8+ T cells help to induce NASH-HCC, rather than invigorating or executing immune surveillance. We found similar phenotypic and functional profiles in hepatic CD8+PD1+ T cells from humans with NAFLD or NASH. A meta-analysis of three randomized phase III clinical trials that tested inhibitors of PDL1 (programmed death-ligand 1) or PD1 in more than 1,600 patients with advanced HCC revealed that immune therapy did not improve survival in patients with non-viral HCC. In two additional cohorts, patients with NASH-driven HCC who received anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 treatment showed reduced overall survival compared to patients with other aetiologies. Collectively, these data show that non-viral HCC, and particularly NASH-HCC, might be less responsive to immunotherapy, probably owing to NASH-related aberrant T cell activation causing tissue damage that leads to impaired immune surveillance. Our data provide a rationale for stratification of patients with HCC according to underlying aetiology in studies of immunotherapy as a primary or adjuvant treatment.
526 citations
Lund University1, Dresden University of Technology2, European Space Agency3, Heidelberg University4, University of Barcelona5, University of Edinburgh6, INAF7, University of Paris8, Max Planck Society9, Goddard Space Flight Center10, University of Maryland, Baltimore County11, Leiden University12, University of Turin13, Centre national de la recherche scientifique14, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam15, Netherlands Institute for Space Research16, Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network17, Liverpool John Moores University18, University of Leicester19, Princeton University20, Université de Namur21
TL;DR: Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) as mentioned in this paper contains results for 1.812 billion sources in the magnitude range G = 3-21 based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 34 months of its operational phase.
Abstract: Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) contains results for 1.812 billion sources in the magnitude range G = 3–21 based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 34 months of its operational phase.Aims. We describe the input data, the models, and the processing used for the astrometric content of Gaia EDR3, as well as the validation of these results performed within the astrometry task.Methods. The processing broadly followed the same procedures as for Gaia DR2, but with significant improvements to the modelling of observations. For the first time in the Gaia data processing, colour-dependent calibrations of the line- and point-spread functions have been used for sources with well-determined colours from DR2. In the astrometric processing these sources obtained five-parameter solutions, whereas other sources were processed using a special calibration that allowed a pseudocolour to be estimated as the sixth astrometric parameter. Compared with DR2, the astrometric calibration models have been extended, and the spin-related distortion model includes a self-consistent determination of basic-angle variations, improving the global parallax zero point.Results. Gaia EDR3 gives full astrometric data (positions at epoch J2016.0, parallaxes, and proper motions) for 1.468 billion sources (585 millionwith five-parameter solutions, 882 million with six parameters), and mean positions at J2016.0 for an additional 344 million.Solutions with five parameters are generally more accurate than six-parameter solutions, and are available for 93% of the sources brighter than the 17th magnitude. The median uncertainty in parallax and annual proper motion is 0.02–0.03 mas at magnitude G = 9–14, and around 0.5 mas at G = 20. Extensive characterisation of the statistical properties of the solutions is provided, including the estimated angular power spectrum of parallax bias from the quasars.
475 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the population of 47 compact binary mergers detected with a false-alarm rate of 0.614 were dynamically assembled, and the authors found that the BBH rate likely increases with redshift, but not faster than the star formation rate.
Abstract: We report on the population of 47 compact binary mergers detected with a false-alarm rate of 0.01 are dynamically assembled. Third, we estimate merger rates, finding RBBH = 23.9-+8.614.3 Gpc-3 yr-1 for BBHs and RBNS = 320-+240490 Gpc-3 yr-1 for binary neutron stars. We find that the BBH rate likely increases with redshift (85% credibility) but not faster than the star formation rate (86% credibility). Additionally, we examine recent exceptional events in the context of our population models, finding that the asymmetric masses of GW190412 and the high component masses of GW190521 are consistent with our models, but the low secondary mass of GW190814 makes it an outlier.
468 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the observation of gravitational waves from two compact binary coalescences in LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run with properties consistent with neutron star-black hole (NSBH) binaries.
Abstract: We report the observation of gravitational waves from two compact binary coalescences in LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run with properties consistent with neutron star–black hole (NSBH) binaries. The two events are named GW200105_162426 and GW200115_042309, abbreviated as GW200105 and GW200115; the first was observed by LIGO Livingston and Virgo and the second by all three LIGO–Virgo detectors. The source of GW200105 has component masses 8.9−1.5+1.2 and 1.9−0.2+0.3M⊙ , whereas the source of GW200115 has component masses 5.7−2.1+1.8 and 1.5−0.3+0.7M⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The probability that the secondary’s mass is below the maximal mass of a neutron star is 89%–96% and 87%–98%, respectively, for GW200105 and GW200115, with the ranges arising from different astrophysical assumptions. The source luminosity distances are 280−110+110 and 300−100+150Mpc , respectively. The magnitude of the primary spin of GW200105 is less than 0.23 at the 90% credible level, and its orientation is unconstrained. For GW200115, the primary spin has a negative spin projection onto the orbital angular momentum at 88% probability. We are unable to constrain the spin or tidal deformation of the secondary component for either event. We infer an NSBH merger rate density of 45−33+75Gpc−3yr−1 when assuming that GW200105 and GW200115 are representative of the NSBH population or 130−69+112Gpc−3yr−1 under the assumption of a broader distribution of component masses.
374 citations
347 citations
TL;DR: The data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs are described, including the gravitational-wave strain arrays, released as time series sampled at 16384 Hz.
320 citations
TL;DR: The European Association of Urology (EAU) has released an updated version of the guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
316 citations
State University of New York Upstate Medical University1, Heidelberg University2, University of Melbourne3, Capital Medical University4, Harvard University5, Monash University, Clayton campus6, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai7, Montreal Children's Hospital8, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul9, Peking University10, University of Southampton11, University of Toronto12, University of Washington13, King Khalid University14, King's College London15, Aga Khan University16, Karolinska Institutet17, Radboud University Nijmegen18, Vrije Universiteit Brussel19, University of Nottingham20, Aarhus University21, University of Cologne22, Trinity College, Dublin23, University of Würzburg24, University of Bergen25, University Medical Center Groningen26, University of Wyoming27, University of California, Berkeley28, University of California, San Francisco29, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust30, Duke University31, University of Amsterdam32, Örebro University33, Chongqing Medical University34, Tel Aviv University35, Washington University in St. Louis36, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro37, University College Cork38, University of British Columbia39, University of Pittsburgh40, Oregon Health & Science University41, University of Montpellier42, University of Ibadan43, University of São Paulo44, Hebrew University of Jerusalem45, University of Sydney46, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research47, University of Canterbury48, Autonomous University of Barcelona49, Stellenbosch University50, University of California, Davis51, National Medical College52, Hofstra University53, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston54, University of Southern Denmark55, University of California, Irvine56, Cardiff University57, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology58, HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht59, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven60, University of the Free State61, University of Turin62, Johns Hopkins University63, University of Zurich64
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD using meta-analysis, which allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
295 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the antecedents and outcome of open innovation in SMEs and found that top management knowledge value and knowledge creating practices influence open innovation, which, in turn, influences organizational performance.
University of Bern1, University of London2, Emory University3, University of Florence4, University of Santiago de Compostela5, Nagasaki University6, Umeå University7, Monash University8, University of Tsukuba9, Arizona State University10, University of Buenos Aires11, University of São Paulo12, Health Canada13, University of Ottawa14, University of Los Andes15, Fudan University16, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague17, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic18, University of Tartu19, Finnish Meteorological Institute20, University of Oulu21, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens22, Imperial College London23, Hakim Sabzevari University24, Brunel University London25, University of Tokyo26, Harvard University27, Norwegian Institute of Public Health28, Cayetano Heredia University29, Kyoto University30, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge31, University of Porto32, University of Turin33, Seoul National University34, University of Valencia35, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute36, University of Basel37, National Taiwan University38, National Institutes of Health39, University of the Republic40, Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University41, European Space Agency42, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research43, Pablo de Olavide University44
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use empirical data from 732 locations in 43 countries to estimate the mortality burdens associated with the additional heat exposure that has resulted from recent human-induced warming, during the period 1991-2018.
Abstract: Climate change affects human health; however, there have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts that have already occurred due to climate change. Here, we use empirical data from 732 locations in 43 countries to estimate the mortality burdens associated with the additional heat exposure that has resulted from recent human-induced warming, during the period 1991-2018. Across all study countries, we find that 37.0% (range 20.5-76.3%) of warm-season heat-related deaths can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change and that increased mortality is evident on every continent. Burdens varied geographically but were of the order of dozens to hundreds of deaths per year in many locations. Our findings support the urgent need for more ambitious mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize the public health impacts of climate change.
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens1, VU University Amsterdam2, University of Leeds3, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven4, University of Ostrava5, Oslo University Hospital6, University of Bologna7, University Hospital Heidelberg8, University of Turin9, University of Navarra10, Erasmus University Rotterdam11
01 Jun 2021
TL;DR: This review systematically analyze the resources made available by the community at large, including their development methodology, topical focus, language coverage, and other factors, to highlight a heterogeneous, growing landscape.
Abstract: Hate Speech in social media is a complex phenomenon, whose detection has recently gained significant traction in the Natural Language Processing community, as attested by several recent review works. Annotated corpora and benchmarks are key resources, considering the vast number of supervised approaches that have been proposed. Lexica play an important role as well for the development of hate speech detection systems. In this review, we systematically analyze the resources made available by the community at large, including their development methodology, topical focus, language coverage, and other factors. The results of our analysis highlight a heterogeneous, growing landscape, marked by several issues and venues for improvement.
TL;DR: The key findings provide inclusive insights for governments, authorities, practitioners, and policy-makers to alleviate the pandemic’s negative impacts on sustainable development and to realize the sustainability transition opportunities post COVID-19.
Shandong University1, Monash University2, University of London3, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic4, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague5, Hakim Sabzevari University6, University of Bern7, Harvard University8, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens9, Brunel University London10, Nagasaki University11, Universidade Nova de Lisboa12, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge13, Umeå University14, National Institutes of Health15, University of Valencia16, Ho Chi Minh City Medicine and Pharmacy University17, University of Santiago de Compostela18, University of Tartu19, University of Ottawa20, Health Canada21, University of Turin22, Norwegian Institute of Public Health23, University of Florence24, University of California, San Diego25, Cayetano Heredia University26, Fudan University27, Seoul National University28, Babeș-Bolyai University29, University of Porto30, Finnish Meteorological Institute31, University of Oulu32, King's College London33, University of Basel34, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute35, University of Tokyo36, University of São Paulo37, University of Los Andes38, Emory University39, University of Buenos Aires40, University of the Republic41, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research42, Pablo de Olavide University43, Yale University44, University of Tsukuba45, National Taiwan University46
TL;DR: In this paper, the global, regional, and national mortality burden associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures was evaluated using time-series data collected from 750 locations in 43 countries and five meta-predictors.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1, University of Turin2, University of Pennsylvania3, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center4, Aix-Marseille University5, Institut Gustave Roussy6, University of California, San Francisco7, Stanford University8, University of Manchester9, Gdańsk Medical University10, University of Toronto11, The Chinese University of Hong Kong12, Soroka Medical Center13, Florida International University14, Harvard University15, Brigham and Women's Hospital16, Francis Crick Institute17, University College London18, National University of Singapore19, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center20, Penn State Cancer Institute21, Kindai University22, University of California, Davis23
TL;DR: The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) liquid biopsy statement as mentioned in this paper revisited the role of liquid-biopsy in therapeutic decision-making in a recent workshop in October 2020 and the question of "plasma first" versus "tissue first" approach toward molecular testing for advanced NSCLC.
TL;DR: The Phase III IMpower132 study evaluating atezolizumab plus carboplatin or cisplatin and pemetrexed in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer met its co-primary overall survival (OS) and investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) endpoints, with numerical improvement in the APP arm.
TL;DR: In this article, the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network were used to obtain the first standard-siren measurement of the Hubble constant (H 0).
Abstract: This paper presents the gravitational-wave measurement of the Hubble constant (H 0) using the detections from the first and second observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detector network. The presence of the transient electromagnetic counterpart of the binary neutron star GW170817 led to the first standard-siren measurement of H 0. Here we additionally use binary black hole detections in conjunction with galaxy catalogs and report a joint measurement. Our updated measurement is H 0 = km s−1 Mpc−1 (68.3% of the highest density posterior interval with a flat-in-log prior) which is an improvement by a factor of 1.04 (about 4%) over the GW170817-only value of km s−1 Mpc−1. A significant additional contribution currently comes from GW170814, a loud and well-localized detection from a part of the sky thoroughly covered by the Dark Energy Survey. With numerous detections anticipated over the upcoming years, an exhaustive understanding of other systematic effects are also going to become increasingly important. These results establish the path to cosmology using gravitational-wave observations with and without transient electromagnetic counterparts.
Rockefeller University1, French Institute of Health and Medical Research2, University of Paris3, National Institutes of Health4, University of Gothenburg5, University of Turin6, Medical Research Council7, University of Bergen8, Karolinska Institutet9, Haukeland University Hospital10, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital11, University of Ljubljana12, Ljubljana University Medical Centre13, University of Tartu14, Alexandra Hospital15, University of California, San Francisco16
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report 22 APS-1 patients from 21 kindreds in seven countries, aged between 8 and 48 yr and infected with SARS-CoV-2 since February 2020.
Abstract: Patients with biallelic loss-of-function variants of AIRE suffer from autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) and produce a broad range of autoantibodies (auto-Abs), including circulating auto-Abs neutralizing most type I interferons (IFNs). These auto-Abs were recently reported to account for at least 10% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. We report 22 APS-1 patients from 21 kindreds in seven countries, aged between 8 and 48 yr and infected with SARS-CoV-2 since February 2020. The 21 patients tested had auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α subtypes and/or IFN-ω; one had anti-IFN-β and another anti-IFN-e, but none had anti-IFN-κ. Strikingly, 19 patients (86%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, including 15 (68%) admitted to an intensive care unit, 11 (50%) who required mechanical ventilation, and four (18%) who died. Ambulatory disease in three patients (14%) was possibly accounted for by prior or early specific interventions. Preexisting auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in APS-1 patients confer a very high risk of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia at any age.
TL;DR: In this article, a single-cell sorting of 4,277 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific memory B cells from 14 COVID-19 survivors, 453 neutralizing antibodies were identified.
TL;DR: In this article, a prospective multicenter cohort study was designed to evaluate the effect of the vaccine on SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS).
European Association of Urology1, Autonomous University of Barcelona2, University of Turin3, Charles University in Prague4, Radboud University Nijmegen5, University of Regensburg6, University Health Network7, Medical University of Graz8, Netherlands Cancer Institute9, VU University Amsterdam10, Vienna General Hospital11, University of Paris12, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust13
TL;DR: In this paper, the European Association of Urology (EAU) prognostic factor risk groups for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are used to provide recommendations for patient treatment after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs.
Abstract: We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density
Ω
GW
≤
5.8
×
10
−
9
at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity coming from the band 20–76.6 Hz;
Ω
GW
(
f
)
≤
3.4
×
10
−
9
at 25 Hz for a power-law GWB with a spectral index of
2
/
3
(consistent with expectations for compact binary coalescences), in the band 20–90.6 Hz; and
Ω
GW
(
f
)
≤
3.9
×
10
−
10
at 25 Hz for a spectral index of 3, in the band 20–291.6 Hz. These upper limits improve over our previous results by a factor of 6.0 for a flat GWB, 8.8 for a spectral index of
2
/
3
, and 13.1 for a spectral index of 3. We also search for a GWB arising from scalar and vector modes, which are predicted by alternative theories of gravity; we do not find evidence of these, and place upper limits on the strength of GWBs with these polarizations. We demonstrate that there is no evidence of correlated noise of magnetic origin by performing a Bayesian analysis that allows for the presence of both a GWB and an effective magnetic background arising from geophysical Schumann resonances. We compare our upper limits to a fiducial model for the GWB from the merger of compact binaries, updating the model to use the most recent data-driven population inference from the systems detected during O3a. Finally, we combine our results with observations of individual mergers and show that, at design sensitivity, this joint approach may yield stronger constraints on the merger rate of binary black holes at
z
≳
2
than can be achieved with individually resolved mergers alone.
Kangwon National University1, University of Pavia2, University of Basel3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul5, Wageningen University and Research Centre6, University of Ljubljana7, National Research Council8, University of Valencia9, University of New England (Australia)10, National Taipei University of Technology11, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics12, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research13, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague14, Augsburg College15, University of Turin16, University of Bari17, Leibniz Association18, Tottori University19, University of Orléans20, University of Adelaide21, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano22, Yazd University23, Spanish National Research Council24, Beijing Normal University25, University of Twente26, University of Leicester27, Julius Kühn-Institut28, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich29, Agricultural Research Service30, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research31, University of Nebraska–Lincoln32, University of Rouen33, Romanian Academy34, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais35, Université catholique de Louvain36, University of Pisa37, University of Tehran38, University of Milan39, University of Alaska Fairbanks40, Wuhan Institute of Technology41, University of Maryland, College Park42, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki43, University of Aveiro44, Northwest A&F University45
TL;DR: This database intends to support the upcoming country-based United Nations global soil-erosion assessment in addition to helping to inform soil erosion research priorities by building a foundation for future targeted, in-depth analyses.
TL;DR: PURPOSENivolumab as discussed by the authors received US Food and Drug Administration approval as a single agent or in combination with ipilimumab in patients with microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient (MS...
Abstract: PURPOSENivolumab received US Food and Drug Administration approval as a single agent or in combination with ipilimumab in patients with microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient (MS...
TL;DR: In this article, the efficiency and applicability of the reviewed approaches are discussed with particular attention to the configurations within the water purification train, and the combination of two oxidation approaches or the oxidation with a membrane-based treatment within the same hybrid system is particularly promising.
Veterans Health Administration1, Baylor College of Medicine2, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific3, University of Western Australia4, The Chinese University of Hong Kong5, Duke University6, University of Oxford7, University of California, San Diego8, Harvard University9, University of Turin10, Anschutz Medical Campus11, University of Florida12
TL;DR: The American Gastroenterological Association ( AGA) developed a Clinical Care Pathway for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with clinically significant fibrosis (stage F2-F4) as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D-D^{0}.
Abstract: We report a study of the processes of e^{+}e^{-}→K^{+}D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and K^{+}D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} based on e^{+}e^{-} annihilation samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at BEPCII at five center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.628 to 4.698 GeV with a total integrated luminosity of 3.7 fb^{-1}. An excess of events over the known contributions of the conventional charmed mesons is observed near the D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0} mass thresholds in the K^{+} recoil-mass spectrum for events collected at sqrt[s]=4.681 GeV. The structure matches a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner line shape, whose pole mass and width are determined as (3982.5_{-2.6}^{+1.8}±2.1) MeV/c^{2} and (12.8_{-4.4}^{+5.3}±3.0) MeV, respectively. The first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The significance of the resonance hypothesis is estimated to be 5.3 σ over the contributions only from the conventional charmed mesons. This is the first candidate for a charged hidden-charm tetraquark with strangeness, decaying into D_{s}^{-}D^{*0} and D_{s}^{*-}D^{0}. However, the properties of the excess need further exploration with more statistics.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the recent literature on machine learning in agriculture is presented, where a plethora of machine learning algorithms are used, with those belonging to Artificial Neural Networks being more efficient.
Abstract: The digital transformation of agriculture has evolved various aspects of management into artificial intelligent systems for the sake of making value from the ever-increasing data originated from numerous sources. A subset of artificial intelligence, namely machine learning, has a considerable potential to handle numerous challenges in the establishment of knowledge-based farming systems. The present study aims at shedding light on machine learning in agriculture by thoroughly reviewing the recent scholarly literature based on keywords’ combinations of “machine learning” along with “crop management”, “water management”, “soil management”, and “livestock management”, and in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Only journal papers were considered eligible that were published within 2018–2020. The results indicated that this topic pertains to different disciplines that favour convergence research at the international level. Furthermore, crop management was observed to be at the centre of attention. A plethora of machine learning algorithms were used, with those belonging to Artificial Neural Networks being more efficient. In addition, maize and wheat as well as cattle and sheep were the most investigated crops and animals, respectively. Finally, a variety of sensors, attached on satellites and unmanned ground and aerial vehicles, have been utilized as a means of getting reliable input data for the data analyses. It is anticipated that this study will constitute a beneficial guide to all stakeholders towards enhancing awareness of the potential advantages of using machine learning in agriculture and contributing to a more systematic research on this topic.