Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1970"
TL;DR: Histoincompatibility of the fetus and mother, including incompatibility due to an antigen (or antigens) dependent on the Y chromosome, is suggested to function in the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia.
Abstract: The ratio of males to females in 1061 babies born to mothers with toxemia of pregnancy is 1.24. The ratio increases as the severity of the disease increases, being 1.71 in cases in which the urinary output of protein is equal to or greater than 3 grams per 24 hours. Histoincompatibility of the fetus and mother, including incompatibility due to an antigen (or antigens) dependent on the Y chromosome, is suggested to function in the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia.
105 citations
92 citations
TL;DR: The observations suggest that these apparent specialized forms of primary lysosomes move toward the apex of the cells and release their contents into the alveolar lumen by way of membrane fusion, without participating in intracellular auto- or heterophagic digestive events.
84 citations
76 citations
TL;DR: No seasonal variation was found in the basal metabolic rate of the titmouse, Parus major L, and catecholamines and corticosterone had a stimulating effect on the oxygen consumption.
68 citations
TL;DR: 8 cases of encephalomeningitis or meningitis in infants and children associated with an adenovirus type 7 epidemic in Northern Finland, Pohjanmaa are described.
Abstract: Adenoviruses usually cause widespread epidemics of acute respiratory disease in military recruits (16) and limited outbreaks among children. Other adenoviral diseases are ceratoconjunctivitis and pneumonia. The latter is a serious and sometimes fatal adenovirus disease in children I( 18, 23). More unusual adenovirus disease are myocarditis, nephritis and meningoencephalitis (2, 3, 4, 15, 25). Encephalitis associated with adenovirus infection was first described by Lelong et al. (IS), who isolated adenovirus type 7 from the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue of fatal encephalitis in a child. Association of adenovirus type 7 with encephalitis has also been reported by Gabrielson et al. (8) and Jansson et al. (9). Usually the encephalitis is only one of the many symptoms caused by severe generalized adenovirus infections in children, and encephalitis occurs more frequently than meningitis. In addition to type 7, adenovirus types 1 , 2, 3, 6 and 12 have been isolated from patients with encephalitis or meningitis (5, 13, 14, 20, 22). Stenger et al. (24) reported an epidemic caused by an unidentified adenovirus type in a children’s home where 15 of the 60 children infected developed encephalomeningitic symptoms. The present report describes 8 cases of encephalomeningitis or meningitis in infants and children associated with an adenovirus type 7 epidemic in Northern Finland, Pohjanmaa.
60 citations
TL;DR: Tritiated cholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone and testosterone were injected intravenously into adult male rats and the radioactivity in the seminiferous tubules was always significantly lower than in the interstitial tissue, the difference being most marked in the case of cholesterol.
Abstract: Tritiated cholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone and testosterone were injected intravenously into adult male rats. They were killed from 30 min to 10 days after the injection of cholesterol, and from 2 to 30 min after the other steroids. The interstitial tissue of the testis was separated by free hand dissection from the seminiferous tubules. The tissue samples were dried, weighed, combusted in closed glass ampules and the tritium gas was subsequently counted in a metal cathode internal gas counter. Pregnenolone, progesterone and testosterone behaved equally, producing maximal radioactivity in both tissue compartments between 2 and 5 min after the injection, but the maximal radioactivity appeared at 24 hr after the cholesterol injection. The radioactivity in the seminiferous tubules was always significantly lower than in the interstitial tissue, the difference being most marked in the case of cholesterol. Very low or negligible counts were obtained in the seminiferous tubules throughout the cholesterol ...
55 citations
TL;DR: Topographic changes in total specific activities of acid proteinase of MS brains are given to give an idea of how cells originating from brain tissue may play a role in the autophagocytotic reactions.
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that lysosomal acid proteinase of neuronal and glial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of demyelination (Hallpike et al. 1969). These lysosomal enzymes of central nervous system (CNS) may, however, also originate from hematogenous cells (Lampert 1967). Acid proteinase may liberate the basic protein from the myclin sheath (Hallpike e t al. 1969). Furthermore, it is tempting to suggest that the liberated encephalitogenic protein could induce immunization in the extracerebral round cells and lymph modes (Seitelberger 1967). However, typical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions contain, in the border-zone of plaques, only a small number of these inflammatory cells (Ptr ier & Gregoire 1965, Suzuki et al. 1969). Therefore, at least in later stages of the disease, also cells originating from brain tissue may play a role in the autophagocytotic reactions. Enzymic changes in M S brains occur mainly in the border-zone of active plaques (Adams 1965). As acid proteinase may play a major role in the provocation of autoimmunity of MS (vide supra) and as the enzymic changes cannot be quantitated by histochemical means, the present work therefore gives data on the topographic changes in total specific activities of acid proteinase of MS brains.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fatty acids in the liver of Baltic herring were converted to methyl esters, which were resolved and analyzed by urea adduct fractionation, thin layer chromatography and programmed temperature gas liquid chromatography.
Abstract: The component fatty acids with carbon numbers exceeding 22 in flesh lipids of Baltic herring caught in May and September 1967 in the Turku archipelago have been studied. The total lipid content of the flesh of the herring was 3.5% on average in May and 7.2% on average in September. The fatty acids in the lipids were converted to methyl esters which were resolved and analyzed by urea adduct fractionation, thin layer chromatography and programmed temperature gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The lipids of the herring caught in May were found to contain 15 fatty acids with 24–32 carbon atoms, whereas the lipids of the herring caught in September were found to contain only nine fatty acids with 24–28 carbon atoms. The differences are probably due to nutritional factors. The long chain fatty acids in the lipids of the herring caught in September were isolated by preparative GLC and their structures were studied by UV spectroscopy before and after alkali isomerization, by IR spectroscopy and by GLC of their ozonization products. The identified acids were tetracosanoic, 15-tetracosenoic, 12,15,18,21-tetracosatetraenoic, 9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic, 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic, 17-hexacosenoic, 11,14,17,20,23-hexacosapentaenoic, 8,11,14,17,20,23-hexacosahexaenoic and 4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octacosaheptaenoic acids. The proportion of the fatty acids containing over 22 carbon atoms in the lipids of fall herring is much higher than has been found earlier in the lipids of marine teleost fish; the reason may be due at least partly to differences in analytical methods.
50 citations
43 citations
TL;DR: For context-free grammars, all of the following restrictive devices are equivalent with respect to generative power: a regular control language, programming, a set of matrices, and periodic time-variance.
Abstract: For context-free grammars, all of the following restrictive devices are equivalent with respect to generative power: a regular control language, programming, a set of matrices, and periodic time-variance. This leads to several new characterizations of the family of recursively enumerable languages. Eg., every recursively enumerable language is generated by a context-free grammar, where the set of productions available at the ith step of a derivation is a periodic function of i.
TL;DR: Quantitative changes in four lysosomal enzymes were studied in the rat mammary gland during enforced involution and it is postulated that the alterations inLysosomes and lysOSomal enzymes are secondary to as yet incompletely known influences on the epithelial cells.
TL;DR: Double-blind and non-blind therapeutic trials of orally administered L-Dopa in the long-term treatment of Parkinsonism were carried out with 126 patients and for correlative studies the amount of hornova was limited.
Abstract: Double-blind and non-blind therapeutic trials of orally administered L-Dopa in the long-term treatment of Parkinsonism were carried out with 126 patients. For correlative studies the amount of hornova
TL;DR: In an electron microscopic study on the dikaryotic hyphae of Schizophyllum commune, microtubules were observed during the nuclear division, and close to the non-dividing nuclei of apical cells and older cells, suggesting that vesicles are involved in the primary growth of the septal cross wall.
Abstract: In an electron microscopic study on the dikaryotic hyphae ofSchizophyllum commune, microtubules were observed during the nuclear division, and close to the non-dividing nuclei of apical cells and older cells Microtubules of the spindle were connected with semicircular bodies at nuclear poles Microfilaments were detected in the distal part of the apical cells Vesicles similar to those in the tips of the hyphae occured also at the sites of septa formation The occurrence of microtubules and the structure of semicircular bodies are compared with those in other basidiomycetes It is suggested that vesicles are involved in the primary growth of the septal cross wall
DOI•
01 Jan 1970TL;DR: In this paper, the authors monitored air and soil temperatures around the Severonikel smelter in Monchegorsk (Kola Peninsula, Northwestern Russia) in 1992-1996 and found that air temperatures in heavily polluted sites were either lower (in cool days) or higher (in warm days) than in unpolluted forests.
Abstract: We monitored air and soil temperatures around the Severonikel smelter in Monchegorsk (Kola Peninsula, Northwestern Russia) in 1992-1996. Soil froze in autumn/winter and thawed in spring earlier in heavily polluted industrial barrens than in unpolluted forests. Spring and summer soil temperatures were highest in industrial barrens. During the growth season, air temperatures in heavily polluted sites were either lower (in cool days) or higher (in warm days) than in unpolluted forests. Daily mean air temperatures along the pollution gradient could be estimated from records of meteorological station in Monchegorsk, measurements of pollution load, and altitudes of the study sites. Pollution affected microclimate mostly by altering habitat characteristics, primarily canopy transparency and structure of ground vegetation cover. Pollution-induced changes in temperature regime may increase, mask or compensate toxic effects of pollutants on plants and animals.
TL;DR: Foetal spleen, lung and colon were significantly higher than their adult counterparts, while foetal liver, kidney, heart and brain were significantly lower in comparison with the adult.
Abstract: Summary. The vitamin B12 content of 17 tissues in 28 adults and 17 foetuses was measured by a Euglena gracilis bioassay. The former were taken after sudden deaths, many accidental, and the latter after therapeutic abortions for mild psychiatric reasons. In the adult, the liver had the highest level of vitamin B12 followed by the kidney, adrenal, pancreas and heart. The tissues of greatest vitamin B12 concentration in the foetus were the liver, adrenal, kidney and lung. Foetal spleen, lung and colon were significantly higher than their adult counterparts, while foetal liver, kidney, heart and brain were significantly lower in comparison with the adult. Differences in vitamin B12 levels may reflect adult and foetal differences in circulation, metabolic maturity or plasma vitamin B12 transport.
TL;DR: Repeated density gradient centrifugation of myelin preparations was found to be essential in reducing levels of contaminating cell structures to a minimum, and non-specific esterase activity can be demonstrated in final highly purified myelin samples.
TL;DR: The antibody formation in the newborn was rapid and high antibody titres were observed, and all the babies survived.
Abstract: 17 newborn infants with coxsackie B 5 meningitis are presented. One case probably had intrauterine infection with suspected myocarditis. In all but the first 2 cases the diagnosis was based on virus isolation and/or antibody rise. The newborn babies were more severely ill than their mothers. The antibody formation in the newborn was rapid and high antibody titres were observed. All the babies survived.
TL;DR: Being reared by rats decreased the sexual behaviour toward mice, and aggressive responses toward the female partner occurred significantly more often when the female did not belong to the fostering species.
Abstract: 28 mice were reared by rat-mothers and siblings from the age of 1 to 3 days, whereas controls were reared with mouse-mothers and siblings. When adults, both groups preferred their foster-species in a social-preference test. More aggression was directed toward a mouse-partner than toward a rat-partner in both groups. The mouse-reared group was generally more aggressive than the rat-reared group. The rat-reared group showed no aggression toward rats. Being reared by rats decreased the sexual behaviour toward mice. No copulation with small (prematurely oestrous) female rats occurred, but sexual interest was shown by the rat-reared mice. Aggressive responses toward the female partner occurred significantly more often when the female did not belong to the fostering species. No differences in open-field activity were found.
TL;DR: The final preparations of CNS myelin revealed a typical myelin structure and an absence of significant contamination by DNA, which may favour the possibility that a part of the neutral proteinase is intimately linked to the myelin.
TL;DR: Harri, M.-P., Nienstedt, W. and Hartiala, K. 1970. The Metabolism of Progesterone by the Jejunal Mucosa in Vitro Scand. Gastroent 5, 415-419.
Abstract: Harri, M.-P., Nienstedt, W. & Hartiala, K. 1970. Steroid Metabolism by the Canine Intestine. II. The Metabolism of Progesterone by the Jejunal Mucosa in Vitro. Scand. J. Gastroent. 5, 415-419.4-14C...
TL;DR: The urine of Nereis diversicolor, when regulating in water of low salinity, produces urine of lower osmotic concentration than the coelomic fluid, and the urine is probably iso-osmotic in 28 % sea water and higher salinities.
Abstract: 1. Nereis diversicolor , when regulating in water of low salinity, produces urine of lower osmotic concentration than the coelomic fluid. 2. The urine is significantly hypo-osmotic in 0.9-5.3 % sea water (Cl = 5-30 mM/l), and slightly hypo-osmotic in natural Baltic Sea water (17 % sea water; Cl = 95 mM/l). 3. The urine is probably iso-osmotic in 28 % sea water (Cl = 157 mM/l) and higher salinities.
TL;DR: Electron microscopic findings suggest that both epithelia are possibly active in transfer and/or disposal of the colloid material rather than being secretory themselves, and enzyme histochemical findings support the hypothesis of an active role of these cells in metabolic processes related to phagocytosis.
Abstract: Histology, enzyme histochemistry, and electron microscopy of the epithelium covering the rat pituitary residual lumen was studied. The anterior and posterior epithelium have similar histological and histochemical appearance, although the posterior epithelium shows stronger enzyme reactions for an esterase and many dehydrogenases. Electron microscopic studies reveal that both epithelia form a continuous lining. Anterior epithelium is in immediate contact with the interstitial spaces of the anterior lobe, while the posterior epithelium is separated from the intermediate lobe by a continuous basement lamina. The cytological features of both epithelia are also remarkably similar with scanty rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, inconspicuous Golgi apparatus, round or oval mitochondria, and moderate number of lysosomal bodies. The apical surface of these cells is covered by microvilli and in some, especially posterior epithelial cells, by numerous cilia. Anterior epithelial cells and the apical portions of the posterior epithelial cells contain a number of large vacuoles with material possibly related to the colloid within the residual lumen. Electron microscopic findings suggest that both epithelia are possibly active in transfer and/or disposal of the colloid material rather than being secretory themselves. Enzyme histochemical findings support the hypothesis of an active role of these cells in metabolic processes related to phagocytosis. Based on these observations the colloid seems to be the product of the anterior lobe function.
TL;DR: Thirty healthy women were examined before and after three months treatment with oral contraceptives to see whether the treatment affected the serum folic acid content and no difference was noted between drugs containing different oestrogen‐progestagen components.
TL;DR: A radiographic and histologic study of the life cycle of the bovine first permanent molar found formation of coronal cementum to be preceded by a total disintegration of the reduced enamel epithelium and to start in the cuspal area before eruption of the tooth into the oral cavity.
Abstract: — Coronal cementum in bovine teeth has been implied to be homologous with enamel cuticles in man. A radiographic and histologic study of the life cycle of the bovine first permanent molar was undertaken in order to test the validity of this view. Formation of coronal cementum was found to be preceded by a total disintegration of the reduced enamel epithelium and to start in the cuspal area before eruption of the tooth into the oral cavity. Fibrous attachment of the connective tissue to the coronal cementum thus prevented the formation of a deep gingival pocket around the erupting tooth. Shortly after the tooth had reached occlusion, cementum was found to cover the enamel all the way to the apical enamel border. The tooth was thus attached not only by its short root but also by a substantial area of its anatomical crown. With advancing age, occlusal wear and subsequent progressive eruption of the tooth resulted in an apposition of multiple layers of cellular cementum on both the root and cervical enamel surfaces, Neither its morphogenetic characteristics nor its vital function in tooth attachment seemed to indicate that coronal cementum in bovine teeth corresponds to enamel cuticles in man.
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The nature and functional significance of the inclusions in the capillaries of the hypophysial portal vessels in the median eminence is not exactly known, but increasing numbers of current experimental studies aim at clarifying the matter.
Abstract: Histological, histochemical and, recently, electron microscopic studies have demonstrated that a great number of hypothalamic nerve fibres terminate on the capillaries of the hypophysial portal vessels in the median eminence (for lit. cf. Bargmann, 1953; Szentagothai, 1964; Rinne, 1960, 1966; Fuxe, 1964). From the morphological point of view, electron microscopic examinations have shown that these perivascular nerve endings contain a large number of granular and/or agranular vesicles (Rinne, 1966; Monroe, 1967; Rodriguez, 1969). The nature and functional significance of these inclusions is not exactly known, but increasing numbers of current experimental studies aim at clarifying the matter (Rinne and Arstila, 1966; Akmayev et al., 1967; Rinne et al., 1967; Pellegrino de Iraldi and Jaim Etcheverry, 1967; Kobayashi et al., 1967, 1968; Sano et al., 1967; Streefkerk, 1967; Zambrano and de Robertis, 1968; Zambrano, 1969).
TL;DR: In chronic otitis, somewhat higher penicillin concentrations were noted than in the catarrhal inflammation, compared with acute otitis; the concentrations were, however, low.
Abstract: The author has examined the penicillin concentration in otitis and the relationship between penicillin concentration in serum and ear secretion. The series consists of 273 middle ear samples; 206 of these were acute cases, 22 catarrhal, and 45 chronic. Serum samples totalled 142. The results are presented by tables which show the following: In acute otitis, penicillin can be noted in the middle ear secretion as early as half an hour after parenteral administration of the drug. The penicillin concentration is highest 1 hour after administration. Penicillin disappears more slowly from the ear than from serum. In catarrhal otitis, penicillin appears very little in the ear secretion despite high serum concentrations. In chronic otitis, somewhat higher penicillin concentrations were noted than in the catarrhal inflammation. Compared with acute otitis, the concentrations were, however, low.
TL;DR: The radioactivity of the solution after separation of the precipitate by centrifugation is linearly proportional to the activity of the pyrophosphatase in the reaction mixture, so the degree of precipitation is independent of time, whereas in the development of the color of molybdenum blue time must be strictly controlled.
TL;DR: My first study dealing with families of schizophrenic patients was confined to the mothers and to the mother-child relationship in schizophrenia, and the most impressive finding was the high frequency of mothers who were not included either in the psychotic or in the borderline group but were found to be in the non- psychotic group.
Abstract: My first study dealing with families of schizophrenic patients was confined to the mothers and to the mother-child relationship in schizophrenia. Employing the psychiatric interview, I investigated the mothers of 100 schizophrenic patients under 30 years of age, and the mothers of 20 neurotic patients and of 20 normal controls. The Rorschach test was administered to 92 of the mothers of schizophrenics and to all mothers in the control series. In a monograph (Alanen 1958) I classified the mothers I had studied into clinical categories on a unidimensional scale. The distribution that resulted is illustrated in Table 1. I found that 12 ofthe mothers of schizophrenics had been manifestly psychotic and that a further 11 displayed, unrealistic thought and behaviour patterns bordering on the psychotic. These mothers were assigned to the diagnostic categories A and B respectively. The most impressive finding, in my opinion, was the high frequency of mothers who were not included either in the psychotic or in the borderline group but were