Showing papers by "University of Turku published in 1981"
TL;DR: A new and convenient method for the determination of P i, measured colorimetrically, without reduction to molybdenum blue, by dissolving the whole assay mixture in acetone, where phosphomolybdate is bright yellow.
857 citations
TL;DR: It turns out that some of the new solution concepts derived from the collective decision making theory are subsets of their nonfuzzy counterparts as subsets.
351 citations
TL;DR: The δ13C value of carbonate from chalk streams and in acid springs indicate substantial inputs of respiratory CO2, as opposed to atmospheric carbon, and in Britain, but not in Finland, the δ12C values of submerged leaves of dimorphic plants were almost invariably more negative than in aerial leaves.
Abstract: The δ13C values of submerged aquatic plants from contrasting but relatively defined habitats, and the δ13C values of emergent, floating and submerged leaves of dimorphic aquatic plants, were measured. In many instances the δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon in the water were also measured. Plant δ13C values in the vicinity of-40 to-50‰ were found in rapidly flowing spring waters with carbonate δ13C values of-16 to-21‰, consistent with the notion that species such as Fontinalis antipyretica almost exclusively assimilate free CO2 via RuP2 carboxylase. Plant δ13C values in the vicinity of-10 to-15‰ in sluggish water with carbonate δ13C values of about-5‰ were observed, consistent with the notion that boundary layer diffusion and/or HCO3- uptake may determine the δ13C value of submerged aquatic plants in these circumstances. Comparisons of δ13C values of the same or related species growing in waters of similar carbonate δ13C value but different flow rates confirmed this view; more negative δ13C values were frequently associated with plants in fast moving water. In Britain, but not in Finland, the δ13C values of submerged leaves of dimorphic plants were almost invariably more negative than in aerial leaves. The δ13C value of carbonate from chalk streams and in acid springs indicate substantial inputs of respiratory CO2, as opposed to atmospheric carbon. The contributions of these variations in δ13C of the carbon source, and of isotope fractionation in diffusion, to the δ13C value of submerged parts of dimorphic plants is discussed.
199 citations
122 citations
TL;DR: Dip-slide cultivation for salivary lactobacillus and yeast growths revealed that both stimulatedSalivary flow rate and pH are related to the presence of yeasts.
Abstract: This study demonstrates that the presence of yeast, but not lactobacillus infection, is related to salivary flow rate Salivary pH is correlated with the primary infection of both lactobacilli and yeasts The low output of saliva appears to influence the quantity of lactobacilli more than that of yeasts The flow rate was lower and the presence of yeasts was higher in females than in males
115 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the brain was fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and processed for light and electron microscopy, and two different types of changes were present, i.e., nerve cell injuries and status spongiosus.
Abstract: Status epilepticus was induced in rats by the GABA receptor blocking agent, bicuculline, during artificial ventilation and with closely monitored physiologic parameters. After 1 or 2 h of status epilepticus the brains were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and processed for light and electron microscopy. In the cerebral cortex two different types of changes were present, i.e., nerve cell injuries and status spongiosus. Type 1 injured neurons, mainly in the areas of most marked sponginess (layer 3), displayed progressive condensation of both karyo-and cytoplasm. In the most advanced stages the nucleus could no longer be distinguished from the cytoplasm in the light microscope, and vacuoles of apparent Golgi cisterna origin appeared in the darkly stained cytoplasm. This type of injured neurons comprised 41 and 56% of the cortical neurons after 1 or 2 h of status epilepticus, respectively. Seven to 9% of the neurons showed another type of injury (type 2). They were mainly located in the deeper cortical layers, and showed slit-formed cytoplasmic vacuoles chiefly due to swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum including the nuclear envelope. Marked sponginess of the cortex developed principally in layer 3 and it spread into deeper layers with longer duration of status epilepticus, but the outermost layers retained a compact structure. As judged by electron microscopy, the sponginess resulted mainly from swelling of astrocytes and their processes causing both perivascular and perineuronal vacuolation. The structural changes observed are considered to be caused by astrocytic and to a lesser extent intraneuronal edema related to the seizure activity. Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms are not known, our findings indicate that hypoxia-ischemia is not a major determinant of the tissue damage observed.
113 citations
TL;DR: Upon reexamination of about 4000 breast cancer biopsies, three pure primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were found, which seemed to originate from the glandular tissue of the breast and followed an extremely aggressive clinical course.
Abstract: Upon reexamination of about 4000 breast cancer biopsies, three pure primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were found. The light and electron microscopic findings of these three cases are described. The carcinomas seemed to originate from the glandular tissue of the breast and followed an extremely aggressive clinical course. SCC must be regarded as a separate entity distinct from adenocarcinoma of the breast with squamous cell metaplasia.
110 citations
TL;DR: The presence of atopic symptoms significantly favoured the development of hand dermatitis in these occupations and the prevalence of atopy was 32% and the frequency of past or presentHand dermatitis 44%.
Abstract: The relation of different atopic symptoms to the occurrence of hand dermatitis in employees who perform wet work in hospitals was studied, Atopy was defined as previous or present atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis or asthma (AMS). In this population the prevalence of atopy was 32% and the frequency of past or present hand dermatitis 44%. Hand dermatitis had occurred in about 65% of persons with atopic symptoms and in 75% of those who had unusually dry, pruritic skin and of those with atopic relatives. Of the other workers only 33% had had skin problems. The presence of atopic symptoms significantly favoured the development of hand dermatitis in these occupations (p < 0.001).
108 citations
TL;DR: In Parkinson disease in some patients a denervation supersensitivity seemed to develop and in some others a loss of postsynaptic dopamine receptor sites in the neostriaturn may contribute to the decreased response of parkinsonian patients to chronic levodopa therapy.
Abstract: Striatal dopamine receptors were studied in 44 patients with Parkinson disease by the radioligand-binding technique using3H-spiroperidol. The specific binding of3H-spiroperidol was either significantly increased or reduced in the caudate nucleus and putamen of parkinsonian patients without levodopa therapy. Scatchard analysis showed that there were corresponding changes in the receptor number, but no significant changes in the mean dissociation constant. The increased binding of3H-spiroperidol in the basal ganglia was also found in parkinsonian patients suffering from psychotic episodes and treated with neuroleptic drugs. Normal and low binding of3H-spiroperidol was found in patients treated with levodopa. Clinically, the patients with low binding were more disabled and had lost the beneficial response to levodopa. Thus in Parkinson disease in some patients a denervation supersensitivity seemed to develop and in some others a loss of postsynaptic dopamine receptor sites in the neostriaturn. The latter alteration may contribute to the decreased response of parkinsonian patients to chronic levodopa therapy.
104 citations
TL;DR: Sotalol has marked electrophysiological properties of a Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, which are likely to be able to account for its observed effects, and should be paid to the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias in sotalol intoxications.
Abstract: The findings in six patients admitted to hospital 0.5–4.5 h after the ingestion of an overdose of 2.4–8 g sotalol are described. In addition to bradycardia and hypotension, all patients had a considerably prolonged corrected Q-T interval, up to 172±8% of normal. Severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred in five of the six patients, the risk was greatest up to 20 h after the ingestion of sotalol. The long Q-T interval returned to normal over 3 to 4 days, which is consistent with the long half-life of sotalol. In addition to its beta-blocking action, sotalol has marked electrophysiological properties of a Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, which are likely to be able to account for its observed effects. Special attention should be paid to the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias in sotalol intoxications.
104 citations
TL;DR: The observations support the view that both DNA polymerases α and β could be involved in repair DNA synthesis, and are supported by autoradiography of squash preparations.
Abstract: The stages of spermatogenesis can be identified in freshly isolated, unstained adult mouse seminiferous tubules using a transillumination method Late acrosome- and maturation phase spermatids, arranged in bundles at stages XII-VI give rise to a spotty transillumination pattern Before spermiation, these cells form a continuous layer on the top of the seminiferous epithelium, recognized by a strong homogeneous central light absorption in the freshly isolated seminiferous tubules at stages VII and VIII Other stages have a pale light absorption pattern The accurate determination of the developmental stages of the germ cells was based on the morphology of the developing acrosomic system and of the nuclei of the spermatids, as revealed by phase contrast microscopy Using this procedure, the activity levels of DNA polymerases alpha and beta have been studied by autoradiography of squash preparations Using endogenous templates, assay conditions that differentiate between the solubilized DNA polymerases alpha and beta in vitro, were used to distinguish between these activities in situ in different stages of mouse spermatogenesis Except in very late spermatids shortly before spermiation, DNA polymerases alpha and beta were detectable in all cell types examined Coinciding with the nuclear protein transitions, elongating spermatids at steps 10-12 and maturation phase spermatids at steps 13-14 showed high DNA polymerase activities As no replication occurs in these cells, the observations support the view that both DNA polymerases alpha and beta could be involved in repair DNA synthesis
TL;DR: The results of this study favoured more than earlier studies the importance of relatedness of host plants as a factor which determines the species richness of herbivores.
Abstract: Species richness of Macrolepidoptera on Finnish trees and shrubs was analysed by means of stepwise regression analysis. The explaining variables were plant frequency, geographical range, plant height, number of relatives and leaf size. Total frequency of the host plant, which correlated strongly with range, explained 57% of the observed variance of lepidopteran species richness on deciduous trees and shrubs. Height of plant and number of relatives explained significantly the residual variation and altogether these three variables explained 71% of the variance of species richness. Analyses at the plant genus level gave similar results and frequency, height and number of relatives explained 78% of the variance of species richness of Macrolepidoptera on deciduous plant genera. When conifers were included in the analysis leaf size also becomes a significant variable. Leaf size can, however, act as a dummy variable which effectively distinguishes conifers from deciduous trees. The validity of different models explaining herbivore species richness on plants is discussed. The results of this study favoured more than earlier studies the importance of relatedness of host plants as a factor which determines the species richness of herbivores.
TL;DR: Two levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUD) with different release rates of Levonormestrel and a 'Nova-T' copper releasing device were compared in a randomised clinical performance study as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: Measurements of the urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline obtained during a 6-hr matriculation examination and 2–3 hrs of routine school work were related to relatively enduring psychological characteristics of the subjects assessed at the age of 18 and, for some of the variables, also at age 15.
Abstract: The study is concerned with stress and coping patterns in 18-yr-old male and female students who participated in a longitudinal developmental study. Measures of the urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline obtained during a 6-hr matriculation examination (stress condition) and 2–3 hrs of routine school work (control condition) were related to relatively enduring psychological characteristics of the subjects assessed at the age of 18 and, for some of the variables, also at age 15. In the control condition, correlations between adrenaline excretion and psychological variables were low and sex differences slight. In the stress condition, the pattern of correlations between catecholamine excretion and psychological variables was much higher and markedly different for the two sexes. In males, adrenaline excretion was positively related to achievement-orientation and negatively related to anxiety. In females, adrenaline excretion was negatively related to self-esteem and sense of fulfilling social expectations. An interpretation emphasizing sex differences in strategies for coping with achievement demands is discussed.
TL;DR: The results indicate a linear increase in the frequency of micronuclei 24 h after X-irradiation with doses of 0, 10, 50, 150, 300 and 600 rad, which was considered to reflect the great radiosensitivity of diakinesis-metaphase I.
Abstract: In mutagenicity studies a rapid detection of chromosomal damage in mammalian germ cells would be very valuable. Encouraged by the usefulness of the bone-marrow micronucleus test, we applied an analogous method to the assay of micronuclei induced during meiotic reduction divisions in the adult male rat by X-irradiation. The micronuclei were observed in early post-meiotic cells which were enriched using a transillumination phase-contrast microscopic method. The frequency of micronuclei was scored at various dose levels and at various time intervals. The results indicate a linear increase in frequency of micronuclei 24 h after X-irradiation with doses of 0, 10, 50, 150, 300 and 600 rad. The highest frequency of micronuclei was observed after 900 rad whereas lower frequencies were found after 1200 rad. The lowest dose giving a statistically significant increase above the control level was 50 rad. The stages of meiosis showed different sensitivities to the chromosome-breaking action of X-rays. The maximal incidence of micronuclei was found 18 h after irradiation which was considered to reflect the great radiosensitivity of diakinesis-metaphase I. The anesthetized group of control animals showed a slightly higher frequency of micronuclei than the non-anesthetized control. Potentials of the new method for mutagen testing are discussed.
TL;DR: The results support the previous conclusion that the pathogenesis of cell damage in hypoglycemia is different from that in hypoxia-ischemia and indicate that other mechanisms than energy failure must contribute to neuronal celldamage in the brain.
Abstract: Previous results have shown that severe, prolonged hypoglycemia leads to neuronal cell damage in, among other structures, the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus but not the cerebellum. In order to study whether or not this sparing of cerebellar cells is due to preservation of cerebellar energy stores, hypoglycemia of sufficient severity to abolish spontaneous EEG activity was induced for 30 and 60 min. At the end of these periods of hypoglycemia, as well as after a 30 min recovery period, cerebellar tissue was sampled for biochemical analyses or for histopathological analyses or for histopathological analyses by means of light and electron microscopy. After 30 min of hypoglycemia. the cerebellar energy state, defined in terms of the phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations, was better preserved than in the cerebral cortex. After 60 min, gross deterioration of cerebellar energy state was observed in the majority of animals, and analyses of carbohydrate metabolites and amino acids demonstrated extensive consumption of endogenous substrates. In spite of this metabolic disturbance, histopathologic alterations were surprisingly discrete. After 30 min, no clear structural changes were observed. After 60 min, only small neurons in the molecular layer (basket cells) were affected, while Purkinje cells and granule cells showed few signs of damage. The results support our previous conclusion that the pathogenesis of cell damage in hypoglycemia is different from that in hypoxia-ischemia and indicate that other mechanisms than energy failure must contribute to neuronal cell damage in the brain.
TL;DR: The developed RIAs and EIAs proved to be as specific and sensitive as the IF technique, and they should be practical in the diagnosis of respiratory infections directly from nasopharyngeal specimens.
Abstract: Four-layer (indirect) radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) techniques were developed for the detection of influenza A and B virus in the sonicated nasopharyngeal specimens from patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infection. Polystyrene beads (RIA) or polystyrene microtiter plates (EIA) were used as the solid-phase, guinea pig antivirus immunoglobulins as the catching antibodies, rabbit antivirus immunoglobulins as the secondary antibodies, and 125I-labeled sheep antirabbit (RIA) or horseradish peroxidase conjugated swine antirabbit (EIA) immunoglobulins as the detector antibodies. A comparison of the developed RIAs and EIAs with the immunofluorescence (IF) method was made with 41 influenza A IF-positive and 150 influenza A IF-negative specimens. Each of the 41 influenza A IF-positive specimens was positive by the influenza A RIA and negative by the influenza B RIA. Out of 150 influenza A IF-negative specimens 3 specimens were found with weakly positive results in influenza A and B RIAs, but in each of these 3 specimens the binding proved nonspecific by the corresponding confirmatory tests. Using the EIa technique and the same immunoreagents as in RIA, identical results were obtained in each selected specimen tested. The developed RIAs and EIAs proved to be as specific and sensitive as the IF technique, and they should be practical in the diagnosis of respiratory infections directly from nasopharyngeal specimens.
TL;DR: The advantages of the benzodiazpines as oral premedicants are clear anxiolytic and sedative effect, less clear amnesic action, convenient route of administration, and reduced frequency of side-effects before and after operation.
Abstract: The advantages of the benzodiazepines as oral premedicants are: clear anxiolytic and sedative effect; less clear amnesic action which may prevent the recall of the time spent lying on an uncomfortable theatre trolley, but not necessarily recall of the journey to the operating theatre, or induction of anaesthesia; convenient route of administration; long duration of action of 5–8 h which simplifies timing of drug administration; adverse autonomic, hormonal and circulatory system reactions seem to be prevented, thus preventing the stress reaction even before induction of anaesthesia; anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing actions may be of value in patients receiving local anaesthesia, or in preventing the side-effects of depolarizing muscle relaxants; nausea before and after operation may be decreased; reduced frequency of side-effects before and after operation.
TL;DR: Tuomas Peltonen is a professor in paediatrics of Turku University and main topics of research have been the vegetative nervous system and the neonatal aeration of the lungs.
Abstract: Curriculum vitae. Tuomas Peltonen was born 1924 in Middle Finland. He graduated 1951from the Medical Faculty of Turku University and was the resident in Uppsala University Childrens Hospital (Head: Professor Bo WahlqvisO and then in Turku 1952-1956 (Head: Professor Toivo Salmi). 1961-1965 he has been associate professor and since 1966 professor in paediatrics of Turku University. Main topics of research have been the vegetative nervous system and the neonatal aeration of the lungs. Thesis: Turku University 1956: Ober die sogenannten funktionellen StSrungen im Schulalter.
TL;DR: In a longitudinal developmental study, 90 boys and girls participated in a psychological investigation and were medically examined when they were 11, 13, 15 and 18 years old Habitual somatic discomfort was assessed by means of a questionnaire as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: The inhibition of the FSH-induced aromatase activity in cultured immature Sertoli cells does not seem to be due to interference with F SH-receptor interactions or to an inhibition of adenylate cyclase because the dibutyryl-cAMP-induced increase in aromat enzyme activity was also inhibited.
TL;DR: Further epidemiological research on Parkinson's discase, with strict diagnostic criteria, is needed to clarify the racial occurrence, to establish the true role of heredity, and to uncover possible enviornmental risks.
Abstract: Among the white races, the prevalence rates of Parkinson's disease range from 66 to 187 per 100,000 population, through without any obvious geographical pattern. A similar variation is found in the annual incidence rates with estimates from 5 to 24 per 100,000 population. The black races may be partially protected against the disease. Both sexes are probably equally affected by the disease. Parkinson's disease usually begins after the age of 50 years, and the risk of the disease steeply rises with advancing age. Parkinson's disease is often omitted in death certificates; mortality rates with Parkinson's disease as an underlying cause of death vary from 0.5 to 3.8 per 100,000. Levodopa treatment, by reducing the excess mortality accompanying the natural course of Parkinson's disease, may increase the number of patients living with this disease in the near future. Postencephalitic Parkinson's disease, developing as a sequel to lethargic encephalitis and accounting for some two thirds of parkinsonian cases shortly after the epidemic, has probably been a transient phase in the epidemiology of Parkinson's disease and is now disappearing. Data from epidemiological investigations have advanced our understanding of the cause of Parkinson's disease only to a small extent. No other characteristic than race has been found to influence the susceptibility to the disease. The environmental risks for Parkinson's disease have not been unequivocally demonstrated. Highly conflicting information is available as to the contribution of hereditary to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Seroepidemiological investigations have shown an increased antibody response against herpes simplex virus in parkinsonian patients, but attempts to detect herpes virus specific products or DNA sequences in the brain material have been unsuccessful.
TL;DR: Histologically the early regeneration of the bone tissue was delayed to some degree after ultrasonic cutting, but the regeneration process as a whole was found to be the same after cutting with either of the saws.
Abstract: The immediate and the long-term effects on bone produced by an ultrasonic cutting device and an oscillating saw were compared histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. The long bones and ...
TL;DR: Oxygen transport to tissue was studied in 12 patients undergoing coronary bypass operation under normovolemic moderate and extreme hemodilution and total-body oxygen consumption changed along with tissue PO2.
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that dopaminergic agonists, such as bromocriptine, seem to be a significant and valuable adjuvant therapy to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with a deteriorating response and/or the on-off phenomena, which is a significant opening to a new mode of treatment.
Abstract: Long-term follow-up of parkinsonian patients has shown that although levodopa treatment significantly improves the parkinsonian symptoms and the quality of life of parkinsonian patients for several years, various distressing difficulties arise during chronic levodopa treatment, such as the loss of benefit, dyskinesias, on-off phenomena, postural instability and dementia. Clinical, neuropsychological, mortality and post-mortem brain studies indicate that levodopa as a replacement therapy does not modify the progression of the underlying pathology and the natural course of the disease. It seems that levodopa has only a limited period of optimal usefulness in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, at present there is no better or more potent therapeutic agent available than levodopa and it is still the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease. It would be reasonable not to begin levodopa treatment in patients with mild symptoms but to withhold levodopa until the severity of symptoms really makes its use necessary. Thus it is possible to get the maximal long functional benefit. Post-mortem brain studies have shown that in Parkinson's disease there is not only a progressive loss of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons but there are also significant changes in the striatal dopamine receptors. In some patients a denervation supersensitivity seems to develop and in some others a loss of dopamine receptors in the striatum. However, in advanced parkinsonian patients with a deteriorating response to levodopa, there seem to be still enough dopamine receptors in the striatum for drugs stimulating the dopamine receptors directly to improve the parkinsonian disability. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that dopaminergic agonists, such as bromocriptine, seem to be a significant and valuable adjuvant therapy to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with a deteriorating response and/or the on-off phenomena. Although bromocriptine is not completely satisfactory, it is a significant opening to a new mode of treatment. In the future it will be very important to develop more potent and selective dopaminergic agonists affecting only those striatal receptors which are mainly responsible for the parkinsonian symptoms. Then a better therapeutic response is likely to occur and many central side effects can be avoided. Current difficulties in the management of Parkinson's disease greatly depend on the fact that we are dealing with a symptomatic therapy. It is hoped that future research will soon lead to a discovery of the primary cause and consequently to a causal therapy of Parkinson's disease.
TL;DR: Examination of the CSF in ON gives valuable prognostic information because increased relative IgG, abnormal electrophoresis, or a decreased measles antibody ratio implies a high risk of developing MS.
Abstract: Forty-eight patients with optic neuritis (ON), first seen in 1970 to 1973, were neurologically and neuroophthalmologically reexamined after 7 to 10 years. Twenty-seven patients (56%) had probable MS, and 9 (19%) had possible MS. During the attack of ON, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and serum/CSF measles antibody ratios were studied. Twenty patients had increased relative immunoglobulin G (IgG) (% of total protein) in their CSF; 19 of these had probable or possible MS. However, 17 of 28 patients with a normal relative IgG value had also developed MS. CSF electrophoresis was abnormal in 20 patients with ON; reexamination showed that 19 had probable or possible MS. Sixteen of 27 patients with normal electrophoresis had also developed MS. Serum/CSF measles antibody ratio had decreased in 19 patients; 13 of these had probable MS and 3 had possible MS. Of 29 patients with a normal measles antibody ratio, 14 had probable MS and 6 had possible MS. The conclusion is that examination of the CSF in ON gives valuable prognostic information because increased relative IgG, abnormal electrophoresis, or a decreased measles antibody ratio implies a high risk of developing MS. A normal CSF does not, however, rule out the possibility of dissemination.
TL;DR: To assess the possible etiological link between genital infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Reiter's syndrome (RS) 24 men and 2 women with typical RS and 5 women with signs suggestive of RS (SRS) were examined.
Abstract: To assess the possible etiological link between genital infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Reiter's syndrome (RS) 24 men and 2 women with typical RS and 5 women with signs suggestive of RS (SRS) were examined. CT was isolated by irradiated McCoy cell culture technique and chlamydial indirect immunofluorescence serology was applied. Chlamydial isolation from the urethra was positive in 5 patients as well as from synovial fluid of the knee in one man. The serology was positive (titre 5=64) in 17 (55%) of the 31 patients, including all 7 women. HLA-B27 antigen was detected in only 15 of 27 patients (55%). All except one of the 12 patients negative for HLA-B27 antigen had positive chlamydial serology. Among the patients were two married couples, both negative for B27 antigen and positive for chlamydial serology. The case report of the one couple, in which the wife had positive urethral chlamydial isolation, is given. Sexually acquired RS might easily be overlooked in women and be misdiagnosed as ...
TL;DR: PP i can be accurately assayed even when there is a 10 4 -fold excess of P i, and also give this green color, but the rate of the color formation is 50 times slower than that with PP i .
TL;DR: An antithrombotic effect may be attributed to lidocaine in particular, which was found to inhibit thrombus formation and also to restore the microcirculation after laser‐induced injury.
Abstract: The aim was to study whether topically applied local anaesthetics and related compounds exert an antithrombotic effect. The assay was carried out through vital microscopy of the microcirculation in the hamster cheek pouch model as injured by laser microbeam irradiation, essentially in order to record the differences in the incidence of thrombus formation between two main experimental and control series. The application of lidocaine hydrochloride was found to inhibit thrombus formation and also to restore the microcirculation after laser-induced injury. The other investigated compounds, mono-ethyl-glycinexylidide, tocainide and bupi-vacaine were found to be less active with regard to inhibition of thrombus formation and flow restitution effects. It is concluded that an antithrombotic effect may be attributed to lidocaine in particular.