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Institution

University of Turku

EducationTurku, Finland
About: University of Turku is a education organization based out in Turku, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 16296 authors who have published 45124 publications receiving 1505428 citations. The organization is also known as: Turun yliopisto & Åbo universitet.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that the glucose-FFA cycle operates in vivo in both heart and skeletal muscles in humans.
Abstract: Positron emission tomography permits noninvasive measurement of regional glucose uptake in vivo in humans. We employed this technique to determine the effect of FFA on glucose uptake in leg, arm, and heart muscles. Six normal men were studied twice under euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (serum insulin approximately 500 pmol/liter) conditions, once during elevation of serum FFA by infusions of heparin and Intralipid (serum FFA 2.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/liter), and once during infusion of saline (serum FFA 0.1 +/- 0.01 mmol/liter). Regional glucose uptake rates were measured using positron emission tomography-derived 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose kinetics and the three-compartment model described by Sokoloff (Sokoloff, L., M. Reivich, C. Kennedy, M. C. Des Rosiers, C. S. Patlak, K. D. Pettigrew, O. Sakurada, and M. Shinohara. 1977. J. Neurochem. 28: 897-916). Elevation of plasma FFA decreased whole body glucose uptake by 31 +/- 2% (1,960 +/- 130 vs. 2,860 +/- 250 mumol/min, P less than 0.01, FFA vs. saline study). This decrease was due to inhibition of glucose uptake in the heart by 30 +/- 8% (150 +/- 33 vs. 200 +/- 28 mumol/min, P less than 0.02), and in skeletal muscles; both when measured in femoral (1,594 +/- 261 vs. 2,272 +/- 328 mumol/min, 25 +/- 13%) and arm muscles (1,617 +/- 411 to 2,305 +/- 517 mumol/min, P less than 0.02, 31 +/- 6%). Whole body glucose uptake correlated with glucose uptake in femoral (r = 0.75, P less than 0.005), and arm muscles (r = 0.69, P less than 0.05) but not with glucose uptake in the heart (r = 0.04, NS). These data demonstrate that the glucose-FFA cycle operates in vivo in both heart and skeletal muscles in humans.

321 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2013-Allergy
TL;DR: Oral and intranasal antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids are both appropriate for first‐line AR treatment although the latter are more effective, and potentially useful add‐on therapies for AR include oral leukotriene receptor antagonists, short bursts of a nasal decongestant, saline douches and nasal anticholinergics.
Abstract: Rhinitis is a common problem in childhood and adolescence and impacts negatively on physical, social and psychological well-being. This position paper, prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Taskforce on Rhinitis in Children, aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of paediatric rhinitis. Rhinitis is characterized by at least two nasal symptoms: rhinorrhoea, blockage, sneezing or itching. It is classified as allergic rhinitis, infectious rhinitis and nonallergic, noninfectious rhinitis. Similar symptoms may occur with other conditions such as adenoidal hypertrophy, septal deviation and nasal polyps. Examination by anterior rhinoscopy and allergy tests may help to substantiate a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Avoidance of relevant allergens may be helpful for allergic rhinitis (AR). Oral and intranasal antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids are both appropriate for first-line AR treatment although the latter are more effective. Once-daily forms of corticosteroids are preferred given their improved safety profile. Potentially useful add-on therapies for AR include oral leukotriene receptor antagonists, short bursts of a nasal decongestant, saline douches and nasal anticholinergics. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is helpful in IgE-mediated AR and may prevent the progression of allergic disease. There are still a number of areas that need to be clarified in the management of rhinitis in children and adolescents.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Dec 2014-Nature
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that adenosine–A2A signalling plays an unexpected physiological role in sympathetic BAT activation and protects mice from diet-induced obesity.
Abstract: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized in energy expenditure, making it a potential target for anti-obesity therapies. Following exposure to cold, BAT is activated by the sympathetic nervous system with concomitant release of catecholamines and activation of β-adrenergic receptors. Because BAT therapies based on cold exposure or β-adrenergic agonists are clinically not feasible, alternative strategies must be explored. Purinergic co-transmission might be involved in sympathetic control of BAT and previous studies reported inhibitory effects of the purinergic transmitter adenosine in BAT from hamster or rat. However, the role of adenosine in human BAT is unknown. Here we show that adenosine activates human and murine brown adipocytes at low nanomolar concentrations. Adenosine is released in BAT during stimulation of sympathetic nerves as well as from brown adipocytes. The adenosine A2A receptor is the most abundant adenosine receptor in human and murine BAT. Pharmacological blockade or genetic loss of A2A receptors in mice causes a decrease in BAT-dependent thermogenesis, whereas treatment with A2A agonists significantly increases energy expenditure. Moreover, pharmacological stimulation of A2A receptors or injection of lentiviral vectors expressing the A2A receptor into white fat induces brown-like cells-so-called beige adipocytes. Importantly, mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with an A2A agonist are leaner with improved glucose tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that adenosine-A2A signalling plays an unexpected physiological role in sympathetic BAT activation and protects mice from diet-induced obesity. Those findings reveal new possibilities for developing novel obesity therapies.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran1, Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran2, Alana Cavadino2, Diane J. Berry2, Rolf Jorde3, Aida Karina Dieffenbach4, Chen Lu5, Alexessander Couto Alves6, Alexessander Couto Alves7, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink8, Emmi Tikkanen9, J. G. Eriksson10, Andrew Wong11, Massimo Mangino12, Kathleen A. Jablonski13, Ilja M. Nolte8, Denise K. Houston14, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia15, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia16, Peter J. van der Most8, Dorota Pasko17, Lina Zgaga18, Lina Zgaga19, Elisabeth Thiering20, Veronique Vitart18, Ross M. Fraser18, Jennifer E. Huffman18, Rudolf A. de Boer8, Ben Schöttker4, Kai-Uwe Saum4, Mark I. McCarthy21, Mark I. McCarthy22, Josée Dupuis5, Karl-Heinz Herzig7, Karl-Heinz Herzig23, Sylvain Sebert7, Anneli Pouta23, Anneli Pouta24, Jaana Laitinen25, Marcus E. Kleber26, Gerjan Navis8, Mattias Lorentzon10, Karen A. Jameson27, Nigel K Arden27, Nigel K Arden22, Jackie A. Cooper11, Jayshree Acharya11, Rebecca Hardy11, Olli T. Raitakari28, Olli T. Raitakari29, Samuli Ripatti9, Liana K. Billings, Jari Lahti9, Clive Osmond27, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx30, Lars Rejnmark31, Kurt Lohman14, Lavinia Paternoster32, Ronald P. Stolk8, Dena G. Hernandez24, Liisa Byberg33, Emil Hagström33, Håkan Melhus33, Erik Ingelsson33, Erik Ingelsson21, Erik Ingelsson34, Dan Mellström10, Östen Ljunggren33, Ioanna Tzoulaki6, Stela McLachlan18, Evropi Theodoratou18, Carla M. T. Tiesler20, Antti Jula24, Pau Navarro18, Alan F. Wright18, Ozren Polasek35, James F. Wilson18, Igor Rudan18, Veikko Salomaa24, Joachim Heinrich, Harry Campbell18, Jacqueline F. Price18, Magnus Karlsson36, Lars Lind33, Karl Michaëlsson33, Stefania Bandinelli, Timothy M. Frayling17, Catharina A. Hartman8, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen15, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen37, Stephen B. Kritchevsky14, Bente L. Langdahl31, Johan G. Eriksson, Jose C. Florez38, Tim D. Spector12, Terho Lehtimäki39, Diana Kuh11, Steve E. Humphries11, Cyrus Cooper22, Cyrus Cooper27, Claes Ohlsson10, Winfried März26, Winfried März40, Winfried März41, Martin H. de Borst8, Meena Kumari11, Mika Kivimäki11, Thomas J. Wang42, Chris Power2, Hermann Brenner4, Guri Grimnes3, Pim van der Harst8, Harold Snieder8, Aroon D. Hingorani11, Stefan Pilz40, John C. Whittaker43, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Elina Hyppönen2, Elina Hyppönen44 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a mendelian randomisation approach to test whether low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration is causally associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk.

320 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article developed dynamic binary probit models and applied them for predicting U.S. recessions using the interest rate spread as the driving predictor, using lags of the binary response (a recession dummy) to forecast its future values.
Abstract: We develop dynamic binary probit models and apply them for predicting U.S. recessions using the interest rate spread as the driving predictor. The new models use lags of the binary response (a recession dummy) to forecast its future values and allow for the potential forecast power of lags of the underlying conditional probability. We show how multiperiod-ahead forecasts are computed iteratively using the same one-period-ahead model. Iterated forecasts that apply specific lags supported by statistical model selection procedures turn out to be more accurate than previously used direct forecasts based on horizon-specific model specifications.

320 citations


Authors

Showing all 16461 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Kari Alitalo174817114231
Mika Kivimäki1661515141468
Jaakko Kaprio1631532126320
Veikko Salomaa162843135046
Markus W. Büchler148154593574
Eugene C. Butcher14644672849
Steven Williams144137586712
Terho Lehtimäki1421304106981
Olli T. Raitakari1421232103487
Pim Cuijpers13698269370
Jeroen J. Bax132130674992
Sten Orrenius13044757445
Aarno Palotie12971189975
Stefan W. Hell12757765937
Carlos López-Otín12649483933
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023102
2022290
20212,673
20202,688
20192,407
20182,189