University of Turku

About: University of Turku is a education organization based out in Turku, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 16296 authors who have published 45124 publications receiving 1505428 citations. The organization is also known as: Turun yliopisto & Åbo universitet.

Human papillomaviruses in oral carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review

Abstract: Oral Diseases (2011) 17 (Suppl. 1), 58–72 Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is controversial. The primary aim was to calculate pooled risk estimates for the association of HPV with OSCC and OPMD when compared with healthy oral mucosa as controls. We also examined the effects of sampling techniques on HPV detection rates. Methods: Systematic review was performed using PubMed (January 1966–September 2010) and EMBASE (January 1990–September 2010). Eligible studies included randomized controlled, cohort and cross-sectional studies. Pooled data were analysed by calculating odds ratios, using a random effects model. Risk of bias was based on characteristics of study group, appropriateness of the control group and prospective design. Results: Of the 1121 publications identified, 39 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, 1885 cases and 2248 controls of OSCC and 956 cases and 675 controls of OPMD were available for analysis. Significant association was found between pooled HPV-DNA detection and OSCC (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 2.62–6.02) and even for HPV16 only (OR = 3.86; 95% CI: 2.16–6.86). HPV was also associated with OPMD (OR = 3.87; 95% CI: 2.87–5.21). In a subgroup analysis of OPMD, HPV was also associated with oral leukoplakia (OR = 4.03; 95% CI: 2.34–6.92), oral lichen planus (OR = 5.12; 95% CI: 2.40–10.93), and epithelial dysplasia (OR = 5.10; 95% CI: 2.03–12.80). Conclusions: The results suggest a potentially important causal association between HPV and OSCC and OPMD.

Uniting two general patterns in the distribution of species

Abstract: Two patterns in the distribution of species have become firmly but independently established in ecology: the species-area curve, which describes how rapidly the number of species increases with area, and the positive relation between species' geographical distribution and average local abundance. There is no generally agreed explanation of either pattern, but for both the two main hypotheses are essentially the same: divergence of species along the ecological specialist-generalist continuum and colonization- extinction dynamics. A model is described that merges the two mechanisms, predicts both patterns, and thereby shows how the two general, but formerly disconnected, patterns are interrelated.

PET amyloid ligand [11C]PIB uptake is increased in mild cognitive impairment.

Abstract: Background: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have increased risk to develop Alzheimer disease (AD). In AD increased brain amyloid burden has been demonstrated in vivo with PET using N -methyl-[ 11 C]2-(4′-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole ([ 11 C]PIB) as a tracer. Objective: To investigate whether patients with amnestic MCI would show increased [ 11 C]PIB uptake, indicating early AD process. Methods: We studied 13 patients with amnestic MCI and 14 control subjects with PET using [ 11 C]PIB as tracer. Parametric images were computed by calculating the region-to-cerebellum ratio in each voxel over 60 to 90 minutes. Group differences in [ 11 C]PIB uptake were analyzed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and automated region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Results: The SPM analysis showed that patients with MCI had significantly higher [ 11 C]PIB uptake vs control subjects in the frontal, parietal, and lateral temporal cortices as well as in the posterior cingulate showing the most prominent differences. These results were supported by the automated ROI analysis in which MCI patients showed in comparison with healthy control subjects increased [ 11 C]PIB uptake in the frontal cortex (39% increase from the control mean, p p p p p p 11 C]PIB uptake values above 2 SD from the control mean. MCI subjects having at least one APOE e4 allele tended to have higher [ 11 C]PIB uptake than MCI subjects without APOE e4 . Conclusions: At group level the elevated N -methyl-[ 11 C]2-(4′-methylaminophenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole ([ 11 C]PIB) uptake in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) resembled that seen in Alzheimer disease (AD). At the individual level, about half of the MCI patients had [ 11 C]PIB uptake in the AD range, suggestive of early AD process.

The 6 year incidence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in genetically at-risk children: the TEDDY study.

Abstract: Aims/hypothesis Islet autoantibodies, in addition to elevated blood glucose, define type 1 diabetes. These autoantibodies are detectable for a variable period of time before diabetes onset. Thus, the occurrence of islet autoantibodies is associated with the beginning of the disease process. The age at, and order in, which autoantibodies appear may be associated with different genetic backgrounds or environmental exposures, or both.

Effects of exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy on serotonergic symptoms in newborns and cord blood monoamine and prolactin concentrations.

Abstract: Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have gained wide acceptance in the treatment of mental disorders in pregnant women, but there seems to be an increased risk for neonatal adaptation problems after exposure to SSRIs in late pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the perinatal sequelae of infants exposed to SSRIs during their fetal life and the relationship of these symptoms to the cord blood monoamine and prolactin concentrations. Methods We conducted a prospective, controlled, follow-up study with 20 mothers taking 20 to 40 mg/d of either citalopram or fluoxetine for depression (n= 10) or panic disorder (n = 10) and their infants and 20 matched controls not receiving psychotropic medication for confounding obstetric characteristics. Maternal cord blood and infant citalopram, fluoxetine, and norfluoxetine, cord blood monoamine and metabolite, and prolactin concentrations were measured. The newborns underwent standard clinical examination and specific assessment of serotonergic symptoms during the first 4 days of life and at the ages of 2 weeks and 2 months. Results There was a statistically significant ( P =.008, V = 15, n = 20 for both groups), 4-fold difference in the serotonergic symptom score during the first 4 days of life between the SSRI group and the control group. The SSRI-exposed infants had significantly lower cord blood 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations ( P =.02, t 31 = 2.57) compared with the control group. A significant inverse correlation ( r s = −0.66, P = .007, n = 15) was seen between the serotonergic symptom score and the umbilical vein 5-HIAA concentrations in the SSRI-exposed but not the control infants. Conclusions Infants exposed to SSRIs during late pregnancy are at increased risk for serotonergic central nervous system adverse effects, and the severity of these symptoms is significantly related to cord blood 5-HIAA levels.