University of Udine

About: University of Udine is a education organization based out in Udine, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 6745 authors who have published 20530 publications receiving 669088 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli Studi di Udine & Universita degli Studi di Udine.

Acute Hyperglycaemia and Oxidative Stress Generation

Abstract: Oxidative stress is an acknowledged pathogenic mechanism in diabetic complications. Several studies have demonstrated that acute hyperglycaemia can impair the physiological homeostasis of important systems in living organisms and that it may exert these effects via production of free radicals and associated oxidative stress. Acute increases in plasma glucose concentration may increase free radical production by the following mechanisms: labile glycation; auto-oxidation of glucose; and intracellular activation of the polyol pathway, which produces an imbalance in the NADH/NAD+ ratio and favours the production of free radicals. The hypothesis that free radicals may mediate the effects of acute hyperglycaemia is supported by evidence that antioxidants can counteract some of the effects induced by acute hyperglycaemia, for example, vasoconstriction, activation of coagulation, and the increase in plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 concentrations. Direct evidence of an association between oxidative stress and hyperglycaemia has come from studies of induced hyperglycaemia or standardized meal intake. In both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, hyperglycaemia or meal intake causes a reduction in plasma Total Radical-trapping Antioxidant Parameter (TRAP). This is associated with consumption of protein thiol groups, vitamin C, and uric acid. This may confirm the hypothesis that acute hyperglycaemia provokes oxidative stress, which destroys the natural antioxidant defences found in the plasma.

Time dependence of the proton flux measured by pamela during the 2006 july-2009 december solar minimum

Abstract: The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. These spectra, when measured near Earth, are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field. A comprehensive description of the cosmic radiation must therefore include the transport and modulation of cosmic rays inside the heliosphere. During the end of the last decade, the Sun underwent a peculiarly long quiet phase well suited to study modulation processes. In this paper we present proton spectra measured from 2006 July to 2009 December by PAMELA. The large collected statistics of protons allowed the time variation to be followed on a nearly monthly basis down to 400 MV. Data are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation.