Showing papers by "University of Utah published in 1983"
TL;DR: A comparison of constitutional and tumour genotypes from several cases indicates that tumorigenesis may result from the development of homozygosity for the mutant allele at the Rb-1 locus.
Abstract: Inheritance of a mutation at the Rb-1 locus, which has been mapped to band q14 of human chromosome 13, results in predisposition to retinoblastoma. Cloned DNA segments homologous to arbitrary loci of human chromosome 13 and which reveal polymorphic restriction endonuclease recognition sequences, have been used to look for somatic genetic events that might occur during tumorigenesis. A comparison of constitutional and tumour genotypes from several cases indicates that tumorigenesis may result from the development of homozygosity for the mutant allele at the Rb-1 locus. The homozygosity in these cases results from mitotic nondisjunction, resulting in loss of the homologous wild-type chromosome, or from a mitotic recombination event.
1,908 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the correlation of 1H and 15N chemical shifts based on zero and double quantum NMR is discussed. And the indirect determination of nitrogen shifts from the proton signals provides a dramatic gain in sensitivity over direct observation of 15N signals, and examples are given of applications of the methods to samples with natural abundance 15N concentration and to a sample of 0.7 mM 65% 15N enriched tRNA in H2O.
1,236 citations
TL;DR: Factors are discussed which influence the evolution of color pattern polymorphisms, sexual dimorphism and dichromism, and some color pattern elements may be closely linked to physiologically variable loci, which further affect the variation in color patterns.
Abstract: In poeciliid fishes, sexual dichromism is associated with larger size and larger broods, but there is no relationship between sexual size dimorphism and sexual dichromism, or between degree of dichromism and color pattern polymorphism. Factors are discussed which influence the evolution of color pattern polymorphisms, sexual dimorphism and dichromism. Detailed studies of South American species have shown that the color patterns of poeciliid fishes have predictable effects in (1) avoiding diurnal visually hunting predators; (2) mating success; and (3) species recognition. Data from some Central American species indicate that some color pattern elements may be closely linked to physiologically variable loci, which further affect the variation in color patterns. Different elements of any given color pattern can be influenced by different modes of natural selection; in guppies the relationship between predation intensity and color pattern is different for melanin, carotenoid, and structural colors. Different color patterns have different degrees of conspicuousness on different backgrounds, and may appear differently to predators and mates with differing visual abilities.
844 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that a greater degree of data-driven processing of a word, such as having a subject read the word out of context, facilitated later perceptual identification of that word and less facilitation of perceptual identification.
751 citations
TL;DR: Phase locking of limb and respiratory frequency has now been recorded during treadmill running in jackrabbits and during locomotion on solid ground in dogs, horses, and humans, suggesting that strict locomotor-respiratory coupling may be a vital factor in the sustained aerobic exercise of endothermic vertebrates, especially those in which the stresses of locomotion tend to deform the thoracic complex.
Abstract: Mechanical constraints appear to require that locomotion and breathing be synchronized in running mammals. Phase locking of limb and respiratory frequency has now been recorded during treadmill running in jackrabbits and during locomotion on solid ground in dogs, horses, and humans. Quadrupedal species normally synchronize the locomotor and respiratory cycles at a constant ratio of 1:1 (strides per breath) in both the trot and gallop. Human runners differ from quadrupeds in that while running they employ several phase-locked patterns (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 5:2, and 3:2), although a 2:1 coupling ratio appears to be favored. Even though the evolution of bipedal gait has reduced the mechanical constraints on respiration in man, thereby permitting greater flexibility in breathing pattern, it has seemingly not eliminated the need for the synchronization of respiration and body motion during sustained running. Flying birds have independently achieved phase-locked locomotor and respiratory cycles. This hints that strict locomotor-respiratory coupling may be a vital factor in the sustained aerobic exercise of endothermic vertebrates, especially those in which the stresses of locomotion tend to deform the thoracic complex.
533 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that intracoronary streptokinase appears to have a beneficial effect on the early course of acute myocardial infarction.
Abstract: Fifty patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive either intracoronary streptokinase or standard (control) therapy within about three hours after the onset of pain. Coronary perfusion was reestablished in 19 of 24 patients receiving streptokinase. Streptokinase alleviated pain (as indicated by differences in subsequent morphine use). The Killip class was significantly improved after therapy with streptokinase, as were changes in radionuclide ejection fraction between Days 1 and 10 in surviving patients (+3.9 vs. -3.0 per cent, P<0.01). The echocardiographic wall-motion index also showed greater improvement after streptokinase treatment (P<0.01). Streptokinase therapy was associated with rapid evolution of electrocardiographic changes, which were essentially complete within three hours after therapy, but loss of R waves, ST elevation, and development of Q waves in the convalescent period were greater in the control group (P<0.01). The time required to reach peak pla...
521 citations
TL;DR: The significance of variation in the quantum yields of C(4) plants was discussed in terms of CO(2) leakage from the bundle sheath cells and suberization of apoplastic regions of the bundleSheath cells.
Abstract: The quantum yield for CO2 uptake was measured on a number of C3 and C4 monocot and dicot species. Under normal atmospheric conditions (330 microliters per liter CO2, 21% O2) and a leaf temperature of 30°C, the average quantum yields (moles CO2 per einstein) were as follows: 0.052 for C3 dicots, 0.053 for C3 grasses, 0.053 for NAD-malic enzyme type C4 dicots, 0.060 for NAD-malic enzyme type C4 grasses, 0.064 for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase type C4 grasses, 0.061 for NADP-malic enzyme C4 dicots, and 0.065 for NADP-malic enzyme type C4 grasses. The quantum yield under normal atmospheric conditions was temperature dependent in C3 species, but apparently not in C4 species. Light and temperature conditions during growth appeared not to influence quantum yield. The significance of variation in the quantum yields of C4 plants was discussed in terms of CO2 leakage from the bundle sheath cells and suberization of apoplastic regions of the bundle sheath cells.
442 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a marche automatisee sur une surface, en combinant l'approximation quadratique locale a la surface d'energie potentielle and une mise a l'echelle d'une coordonnee active.
Abstract: Developpement d'un algorithme pour la marche automatisee sur une surface, en combinant l'approximation quadratique locale a la surface d'energie potentielle et une mise a l'echelle d'une coordonnee active
415 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the hypothesis that the future distribution of payoffs provided by a common stock depends upon whether ownership of the stock also conveys control over the firm's activities.
387 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined common stock returns and dividend and earnings patterns surrounding specially designated dividends labeled by management as "extra", "special" or "year-end" and compared them to those surrounding regular (unlabeled) dividend increases.
361 citations
TL;DR: This article found that violence is viewed by participants as relatively nondisruptive to the relationship and sometimes is even seen as a positive occurrence in high school dating relationships, suggesting that romance and violence coexist.
Abstract: Recent data verifying a substantial amount of violence in dating relationships have presented a new challenge to the romantic love model. This study, which investigates abuse between high school couples, confirms the existence of violence among younger partners and describes their reactions to those abusive events. Findings suggest that violence is viewed by participating individuals as relatively nondisruptive to the relationship and sometimes is even seen as a positive occurrence. Discussion centers on how romance and violence coexist.
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TL;DR: The HELP system as mentioned in this paper is a comprehensive computer system for acquiring medical data and implementing medical decision logic at the University of Utah and the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah, which is currently operational at LDS Hospital, which serves the needs of the intermountain west.
Abstract: Development of a comprehensive computer system for acquiring medical data and implementing medical decision logic has been ongoing for over 15 years at the University of Utah and the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah. This system is known as HELP and is currently operational at LDS Hospital, which is a 550-bed tertiary care hospital serving the needs of the intermountain west. This hospital also serves as one of the primary teaching centers for the University of Utah Medical School. Having been developed in this environment, the design of the HELP system was required to meet the administrative, clinical, teaching, and research needs of hospitals, as well as provide the decision-making capability.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for the investigation of self potentials (SP) based on induced current sources is discussed. But the authors focus on the vector flow field and its interaction with current cross-coupling structure.
Abstract: This paper discusses a new method for the investigation of self potentials (SP) based on induced current sources. The induced current sources are due to divergences of the convection current which is driven, in turn, by a primary flow, either heat or fluid. As a result of using this approach there is a shift in emphasis toward the vector flow field and its interaction with current cross‐coupling structure when compared with the total potential approach of Nourbehecht (1963) which emphasized the primary flow potential and the voltage cross‐coupling. This shift in emphasis is advantageous because it is analogous to the actual physical processes. For example, fluid flow in the ground gives rise to drag (convection) currents, and the interaction of the convection currents with the electrical structure gives rise to the electrical potentials (SP). This simple physical picture should aid in developing a better intuitive understanding of the generation of SP effects. The convective current approach is easily ada...
TL;DR: The reversion and P1 transduction analyses have shown that the failure to turn off the heat-shock response is the result of the dnaK756 mutation, and it is concluded that the dnK protein is an inhibitor of the heat -shock response in E. coli.
TL;DR: In this paper, COCORP seismic-reflection data collected from the eastern Basin and Range in west-central Utah provide information on Cenozoic extensional tectonics, Mesozoic thrusting, and their interrelationships.
Abstract: COCORP seismic-reflection data collected from the eastern Basin and Range in west-central Utah provide information on Cenozoic extensional tectonics, Mesozoic thrusting, and their interrelationships. Those data show a series of remarkably continuous, low-angle reflectors that extend more than 120 km perpendicular to strike and can be traced as deep as 15–20 km. Over that distance, none of these events are significantly cut by any high-angle normal faults. A major detachment beneath the Sevier Desert can be traced from a surface zone of normal faulting to a depth of 12–15 km, with a regional apparent westward dip of 12°. Tentative correlation of upper- and lower-plate events suggests 30–60 km of extensional displacement on this detachment. Whether this structure is a reactivated Mesozoic thrust is uncertain. West-steepening splays off the end of the detachment reach depths of 20 km and may represent a major Mesozoic ramp or zones of distributed ductile shearing during extension. Some events are interpreted to be Mesozoic thrusts, of which at least one (beneath the House Range) has been reactivated during the Cenozoic. The Snake Range decollement dips gently east and has a sense of Cenozoic displacement opposite to that of other Cenozoic detachments farther east. Deep events are most numerous beneath the east side of the Sevier Desert where they occur to depths of 30 km, at the top of or perhaps partly within the anomalously low velocity upper mantle.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce process notions into organizational culture by looking at organizational communication as cultural performance, and examine five cultural performances described (often obliquely) in current organizational literature: ritual, "passion", sociality, politics, and enculturation.
Abstract: For the past ten to fifteen years, the “systems” metaphor has guided organizational communication research. Recently, a sizable number of management and organizational communication scholars have suggested a different guiding metaphor—that of organizational culture. Present notions of organizational culture, however, tend to focus on static, structural features of culture, and researchers are often content to document the existence of such cultural features as organizational jargon, stories, ideologies, and strategic knowledge. Such a focus, though valuable, overlooks the cultural processes by which these structures are created, maintained, and transformed. We argue in this paper that we can introduce process notions into our understanding of organizational culture by looking at organizational communication as cultural performance. We examine five cultural performances described (often obliquely) in current organizational literature—performances of ritual, “passion,” sociality, politics, and enculturation...
TL;DR: With many foundresses contributing to a mating population, the optimum is one-half sons, as predicted for panmictic populations by Fisher (1930), and sex ratio evolution in spatially structured populations is of special interest.
Abstract: A fundamental distinction in sex ratio theory concerns how selection acts upon autosomal genes in panmictic populations versus spatially structured populations. Fisher (1930) originally predicted that natural selection favors "equal investment" of resources in male and female offspring in panmictic populations. This results in a 50:50 primary sex ratio for species in which the cost of producing a son or a daughter is equal. Fisher's conclusion has been repeatedly confirmed mathematically (e.g., Shaw and Mohler, 1953; Bodmer and Edwards, 1960; Leigh, 1970). Hamilton (1967) observed that altering the assumption of panmixia led to quite different results. He considered a large population divided into many mating groups, each composed of the progeny of one or more female foundresses. After mating, the daughters disperse throughout the larger population before dividing into groups which produce the next generation. Such a population structure selects for a female-biased sex ratio because daughters of a parent compete for reproductive success within the large population whereas sons tend to compete with each other in the local mating group (Local Mate Competition). As the number of foundresses contributing progeny to a local mating group increases, the optimal sex ratio becomes less female biased (Hamilton, 1967; Taylor and Bulmer, 1980). With many foundresses contributing to a mating population, the optimum is one-half sons, as predicted for panmictic populations by Fisher (1930). Sex ratio evolution in spatially structured populations is of special interest be-
Journal Article•
TL;DR: An algorithm based on the method of integral equations to simulate the electromagnetic responses of three‐dimensional bodies in layered earths and finds that tabulation and interpolation of the six electric and five magnetic Hankel transforms defining the secondary Green’s functions is preferable to any direct Hankel transform calculation using linear filters.
Abstract: An algorithm based on the method of integral equations to simulate the electromagnetic responses of three-dimensional bodies in layered earths has been developed. The inhomogeneities are replaced by an equivalent current distribution which is approximated by pulse basis functions. A matrix equation is constructed using the electric tensor Green's function appropriate to a layered earth, and it is solved for the vector current in each cell. Subsequently, scattered fields are found by integrating electric and magnetic tensor Green's functions over the scattering currents. Efficient evaluation of the tensor Green's functions is a major consideration in reducing computation time. We find that tabulation and interpolation of the six electric and five magnetic Hankel transforms defining the secondary Green's functions is perferable to any direct Hankel transform calculation using linear filters. A comparison of responses over elongate three-dimensional (3-D) bodies with responses over two-dimensional (2-D) bodies of identical cross-section using plane wave incident fields is the only check available on our solution. Agreement is excellent; however, the length that a 3-D body must have before departures between 2-D transverse electric and corresponding 3-D signatures are insignificant depends strongly on the layering. The 2-D transverse magnetic and corresponding 3-D calculations agree closely regardless of the layered host. (Author)
TL;DR: The dnaK protein possesses a weak DNA-independent ATPase activity, which results in the production of ADP and Pi, and participates in the initiation of DNA synthesis in an in vitro DNA replication system that is dependent on the O and P proteins.
Abstract: The Escherichia coli dnaK gene product, originally defined by mutations that blocked lambda phage DNA replication, is known to be necessary for E. coli viability. We have purified dnaK protein to homogeneity and have demonstrated that it possesses a weak DNA-independent ATPase activity, which results in the production of ADP and Pi. The proof that this ATPase activity is encoded by the dnaK+ gene relies primarily on the fact that the dnaK756 mutation results in the production of an ATPase activity with altered physical properties. The dnaK protein is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo, probably as a result of an autophosphorylation reaction. The lambda O and P replication proteins were shown to interact in vitro with the dnaK protein. The ATPase activity of the dnaK protein was inhibited by purified lambda P protein and stimulated by purified lambda O protein. Moreover, the dnaK protein participates in the initiation of DNA synthesis in an in vitro DNA replication system that is dependent on the O and P proteins. Anti-dnaK protein immunoglobulin specifically inhibited DNA synthesis in this system.
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of constitutive equations for fibrous composites which contain a family of longitudinal slit cracks was studied, and the general theory in which the crack length is of the same order as the fiber diameter gives rise to a three-phase model.
TL;DR: After intracellular recording, bipolar cells of the cat retina have been stained with HRP and their contacts in the outer and inner plexiform layers examined by electron microscopy.
TL;DR: In this paper, a severe influence of insufficient buffer capacity in potentiodynamic surface oxide formation and reduction is experimentally shown, discussed and explained, and it is suggested that the onset of oxide II formation can be used for surface roughness determinations.
TL;DR: Results suggested that bone formation may have been inhibited during spaceflight, but resorption remained constant, and skeletal changes returned to normal during a 29-day postflight period.
Abstract: Alterations in trabecular bone were observed in growing male Wistar rats after 18.5 days of orbital flight on the COSMOS 1129 biosatellite. Spaceflight induced a decreased mass of mineralized tissue and an increased fat content of the bone marrow in the proximal tibial and humeral metaphyses. The osteoblast population appeared to decline immediately adjacent to the growth cartilage-metaphyseal junction, but osteoclast numbers were unchanged. These results suggested that bone formation may have been inhibited during spaceflight, but resorption remained constant. With the exception of trabecular bone mass in the proximal tibia, the observed skeletal changes returned to normal during a 29-day postflight period.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established the existence of travelling wave solutions for two reaction diffusion systems based on the Lotka-Volterra model for predator and prey interactions, and discussed some possible biological implications.
Abstract: We establish the existence of travelling wave solutions for two reaction diffusion systems based on the Lotka-Volterra model for predator and prey interactions. For simplicity, we consider only 1 space dimension. The waves are of transition front type, analogous to the travelling wave solutions discussed by Fisher and Kolmogorov et al. for a scalar reaction diffusion equation. The waves discussed here are not necessarily monotone. For any speed c there is a travelling wave solution of transition front type. For one of the systems discussed here, there is a distinguished speed c* dividing the waves into two types, waves of speed c < c* being one type, waves of speed c ⩾ c* being of the other type. We present numerical evidence that for this system the wave of speed c* is stable, and that c* is an asymptotic speed of propagation in some sense. For the other system, waves of all speeds are in some sense stable. The proof of existence uses a shooting argument and a Lyapunov function. We also discuss some possible biological implications of the existence of these waves.
TL;DR: There were no significant differences in solid food emptying rates between the young and aged men, but a delay in liquid emptying was observed in the aged men.
Abstract: A dual radioisotopic method was employed to study the rate of gastric emptying of meals in ten males with an average age of 31 years and 10 elderly males with an average age ot 764 years All study subjects were fed a standardized 900-g meal labeled with a liquid (111indium-DTPA) and solid (99mtechnetium-tagged liver) phase isotopic marker There were no significant differences in solid food emptying rates between the young and aged men A delay in liquid emptying, however, was observed in the aged men The clinical significance of this observation is unknown
TL;DR: Assessment of stored plasma and serum from three hemophilic patients with AIDS suggests that acid-labile alpha interferon may be a marker that can be used to identify affected asymptomatic members of high-risk groups before the onset of clinical disease.
Abstract: Many homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an unusual acid-labile form of human leukocyte, or alpha, interferon in their serum. Male patients with classic hemophilia treated with lyophilized clotting-factor concentrates are also at high risk for the development of AIDS. To determine whether the level of alpha interferon may be a preclinical marker of early subclinical disease, we examined stored plasma and serum from three hemophilic patients with AIDS. Persistently elevated levels of the acid-labile form of alpha interferon were found in all three patients. In two patients the appearance of circulating alpha interferon preceded the onset of clinical disease by 3 to 10 months. In contrast, alpha-interferon levels were not elevated in 43 of 46 unselected patients with hemophilia; three of these patients had transient elevations. These results suggest that acid-labile alpha interferon may be a marker that can be used to identify affected asymptomatic members of high...
TL;DR: The RSV enhancer affects the expression rather than the integration of the tk gene, and when microinjected cells were grown into cell lines in nonselective medium, few cells containing integrated HSV tk without RSV DNA could grow in selective medium.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The present study tests the hypotheses concerning the applicability of optimal foraging models to hunter-gatherer subsistence behavior and demonstrates that in the appropriate ecological setting humans are efficient predators and get good returns hunting with simple technology.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Hunting has been considered a behavior of importance in the physical and social evolution of humans. Ache hunters are efficient predators. This chapter presents the models derived from the optimal foraging theory to account for the total set of species hunted, using different technologies. The comparison of Ache hunting to other hunter-gatherers shows a wide range of variation. The difference in hunting behavior between the Ache and the !Kung is the difference in the game species. The !Kung hunt large game animals, which single men stalk and shoot with poison arrows. The present study tests the hypotheses concerning the applicability of optimal foraging models to hunter-gatherer subsistence behavior. The Ache demonstrates that in the appropriate ecological setting humans are efficient predators and get good returns hunting with simple technology. The tropical forests of this part of lowland South America are well endowed with game that is easily killed by human hunters.
TL;DR: The hypothesis is presented that multiple mating is an adaptation for maintaining large colonies and the relation between the ergonomic efficiency of the workers at the production of reproductives and the number of matings that is consistent with the evolution of eusociality is derived.
Abstract: The data on the frequency of mating by queens of eusocial Hymenoptera are reviewed. It is pointed out that the issue of sperm clumping is probably irrelevant to the evolution of eusociality. The hypothesis is presented that multiple mating is an adaptation for maintaining large colonies. In ants there is a significant relation between the size of the colony and the frequency of mating. The effect of multiple mating on the spread of a gene for worker behavior is explored. If a female mates twice, the effective number of matings is less than two except in the case of identical sperm contribution by the males. Sperm bias is defined as the contribution of unequal amounts of sperm by the males that mate with a queen. Sperm bias can be produced as a sampling phenomenon, by inter-male competition for females and by sperm competition. The relation between the ergonomic efficiency of the workers at the production of reproductives and the number of matings that is consistent with the evolution of eusociality is derived. If workers are only about 10% more efficient at producing reproductives within a eusocial colony than they are solitarily, then two matings by the queen will still produce a selective advantage to eusocial behavior.
TL;DR: Results confirm that both parenteral and oral gold may be effective for the treatment of RA, that GST tends to show greater efficacy than auranofin, and that auran ofin has fewer significant adverse effects than GST, however, long-term benefits, tolerability, and safety cannot be inferred.
Abstract: A prospective controlled, double-blind multicenter trial compared placebo, auranofin (an orally administered gold complex), and parenteral gold sodium thiomalate (GST) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of 193 patients who received any treatment, the only important improvement identified for either auranofin or GST was for pain/tenderness scores. When 161 patients who completed 20 weeks of treatment were examined, both auranofin and GST treatments were superior to placebo as measured by improvement in number of painful and/or tender joints, joint pain/tenderness scores, physician's assessment of disease activity, and decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate when elevated at entry. GST was superior to placebo in improvement of joint swelling scores, anemia, thrombocytosis, and rheumatoid factor. No drug-related remissions were observed. The only statistically significant advantages of GST over auranofin for efficacy were an increase in hemoglobin concentration and decrease of thrombocytosis with GST. Withdrawals for adverse effects were 5 times more frequent with GST treatment. Thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, elevated liver enzymes, "nitritoid" reactions, and "gold pneumonitis" were observed only in the GST treatment group. These results confirm that both parenteral and oral gold may be effective for the treatment of RA, that GST tends to show greater efficacy than auranofin, and that auranofin has fewer significant adverse effects than GST. However, long-term benefits, tolerability, and safety cannot be inferred from this study.