University of Utah

About: University of Utah is a education organization based out in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 52894 authors who have published 124076 publications receiving 5265834 citations. The organization is also known as: The U & The University of Utah.

Analysis of 462 transplantations from unrelated donors facilitated by the national marrow donor program

Abstract: Background and Methods Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is curative in a substantial number of patients with hematologic cancers, marrow-failure disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes, and certain metabolic diseases. Unfortunately, only 25 to 30 percent of potential recipients have HLA-identical siblings who can act as donors. In 1986 the National Marrow Donor Program was created in the United States to facilitate the finding and procurement of suitable marrow from unrelated donors for patients lacking related donors. Results During the first four years of the program, 462 patients with acquired and congenital lymphohematopoietic disorders or metabolic diseases received marrow transplants from unrelated donors. The probability of engraftment by 100 days after transplantation was 94 percent, although 8 percent of patients later had secondary graft failure. The probability of grade II, III, or IV acute graft-versus-host disease was 64 percent, and the probability of chronic graft-versus-host disease at...

New goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998-2003.

Abstract: The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993–98. A new plan, for 1998–2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a “working draft” of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.

Compulsory averaging of crowded orientation signals in human vision

Abstract: A shape can be more difficult to identify when other shapes are near it. For example, when several grating patches are viewed parafoveally, observers are unable to report the orientation of the central patch. This phenomenon, known as 'crowding,' has historically been confused with lateral masking, in which one stimulus attenuates signals generated by another stimulus. Here we show that despite their inability to report the orientation of an individual patch, observers can reliably estimate the average orientation, demonstrating that the local orientation signals are combined rather than lost. Our results imply that crowding is distinct from ordinary masking, and is perhaps related to texture perception. Under crowded conditions, the orientation signals in primary visual cortex are pooled before they reach consciousness.

Widening of the tropical belt in a changing climate

Abstract: Some of the earliest unequivocal signs of climate change have been the warming of the air and ocean, thawing of land and melting of ice in the Arctic But recent studies are showing that the tropics are also changing Several lines of evidence show that over the past few decades the tropical belt has expanded This expansion has potentially important implications for subtropical societies and may lead to profound changes in the global climate system Most importantly, poleward movement of large-scale atmospheric circulation systems, such as jet streams and storm tracks, could result in shifts in precipitation patterns affecting natural ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources The implications of the expansion for stratospheric circulation and the distribution of ozone in the atmosphere are as yet poorly understood The observed recent rate of expansion is greater than climate model projections of expansion over the twenty-first century, which suggests that there is still much to be learned about this aspect of global climate change The tropical belt has been widening over past decades — as estimated from a number of independent lines of evidence — shifting the dry subtropical climate zones polewards around the world

Enhancing gene targeting with designed zinc finger nucleases.

Abstract: Gene targeting—the process of gene replacement by homologous recombination—is a very useful but typically inefficient technique ( [1][1] ). A general method for improving the efficiency of gene targeting would be valuable in many circumstances, as would the extension of this genetic tool to a