University of Valencia

About: University of Valencia is a education organization based out in Valencia, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Neutrino. The organization has 27096 authors who have published 65669 publications receiving 1765689 citations. The organization is also known as: Universitat de València & UV.

Oxidative stress in environmental-induced carcinogenesis.

Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the more abundant free radicals in nature and have been related with a number of tissue/organ injuries induced by xenobiotics, ischemia, activation of leucocytes, UV exposition, etc. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between ROS production and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify these reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. Thus, oxidative stress is accepted as a critical pathophysiological mechanism in different frequent human pathologies, including cancer. In fact ROS can cause protein, lipid, and DNA damage, and malignant tumors often show increased levels of DNA base oxidation and mutations. Different lifestyle- and environmental-related factors (including, e.g., tobacco smoking, diet, alcohol, ionizing radiations, biocides, pesticides, viral infections) and other health-related factors (e.g. obesity or the aging process) may be procarcinogenic. In all these cases oxidative stress acts as a critical pathophysiological mechanism. Nevertheless it is important to remark that, in agreement with present knowledge, oxidative/nitrosative/metabolic stress, inflammation, senescence, and cancer are linked concepts that must be discussed in a coordinated manner.

Children born after autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue: A review of 13 live births

Abstract: Introduction. Premature ovarian failure (POF) can occur naturally at an early age or be due to iatrogenic agents. Indeed, ovaries are very sensitive to cytotoxic treatment, especially to radiation and alkylating agents. Methods. Several options are currently available to preserve fertility in cancer patients and allow them to conceive when they have overcome their disease: embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is the only option available for pre-pubertal girls and women who cannot delay the start of chemotherapy. Findings. Since the first live birth after autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in humans was reported in 2004, orthotopic reimplantation has led to the birth of 13 healthy babies. Restoration of ovarian activity and prognostic factors are evaluated by comparison with 7 cases of fresh ovarian tissue transplantation. We report 13 live births after orthotopic transplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue in cancer patients (n = 8) and in patients treated with high doses of chemotherapy for benign diseases (n = 2) (microscopic polyangiitis, sickle cell anemia). Interpretation. Based on our review, we believe that ovarian cortex cryopreservation, associated or not with cryopreservation of immature oocytes, should be offered before gonadotoxic chemotherapy in all cases where there is a high risk of POF and where emergency IVF is not possible.

2MOLCAS as a development platform for quantum chemistry software

Abstract: This work presents the quantum chemistry package MOLCAS, with emphasis on its usefulness as a platform for developing new quantum chemical codes, and the reader is assumed to be familiar with such a process. The development of new codes for quantum chemistry is a time-consuming job that can be dramatically simplified by using libraries for standard problems (such as calculation of integrals), and tools to surmount computer language and operating system limitations. The MOLCAS quantum chemistry software contains modules for a variety of quantum chemical methods, such as Hartree-Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT), coupled-cluster (CC), and multiconfigurational (MCSCF) approaches, including second-order perturbation theory. It runs on almost all UNIX-like platforms and contains a single source code for 32- and 64-bit architecture, as well as for serial and parallel execution. The MOLCAS environment allows the user to include, in a simple way, new codes integrated with libraries and other MOLCAS modules. The key features of the MOLCAS environment include a modular structure, an easy-to-use environment, an application programming interface (API) library for solving common computational and system-oriented problems, a solid verification control system, and tools for a distributed development.