Showing papers by "University of Vermont published in 1982"
TL;DR: Findings further extend the association between intraneuronal aluminum and NFT formation and support the hypothesis that environmental factors are related to the neurodegenerative changes seen in the Chamorro population.
Abstract: Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry was used to analyze the elemental content of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-bearing and NFT-free neurons within the Sommer's sector (H1 region) of the hippocampus in Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia and in neurologically normal controls. Preliminary data indicate prominent accumulation of aluminum within the nuclear region and perikaryal cytoplasm of NFT-bearing hippocampal neurons, regardless of the underlying neurological diagnosis. These findings further extend the association between intraneuronal aluminum and NFT formation and support the hypothesis that environmental factors are related to the neurodegenerative changes seen in the Chamorro population.
670 citations
TL;DR: The existence of such an extensive projection system connecting these specific regions is significant evidence in support to its potential for participation in the amygdaloid expression of cardiovascular influences and has important implications for the cellular analysis of the functional role of these influences.
Abstract: Although the amygdala complex has long been known to exert a profound influence on cardiovascular activity, the neuronal and connectional substrate mediating these influences remains unclear. This paper describes a direct amygdaloid projection to medullary sensory and motor structures involved in cardiovascular regulation, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus (DVN), by the use of autoradiographic anterograde transport and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques in rabbits. Since all of these structures are highly heterogeneous structurally and functionally, details of the specific areas of the neuronal origin and efferent distribution of the projection were examined in relation to these features and with reference to a cytoarchitecture description of the relevant forebrain regions in the rabbit. Amygdaloid projections to the NTS and DVN, as determined from HRP experiments, arise from an extensive population of neurons concentrated exclusively within the ipsilateral central nucleus and confined to and distributed throughout a large medial subdivision of this nucleus. Projection neurons, however, also distribute without apparent interruption beyond the amygdala dorsomedially into the sublenticular substantia innominata and the lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and thus delineate a single entity of possible anatomical unity across all three structures, extending rostrocaudally within the basal forebrain as a diagonal band. Descending central nucleus connections, based upon autoradiographic experiments, project heavily and extensively to both the NTS and the DVN. Within both nuclei, the projections have a highly specific distribution pattern, appearing to correspond largely to structural subdivisions, including the dorsomedial, medial, ventrolateral, ventral, and commissural NTS, and to cell group “a,” a caudally located dorsomedial region, and peripheral regions of the DVN, some of which appear to be involved in cardiovascular regulation. The existence of such an extensive projection system connecting these specific regions is significant evidence in support to its potential for participation in the amygdaloid expression of cardiovascular influences and has important implications for the cellular analysis of the functional role of these influences.
433 citations
TL;DR: The observed behavioural recovery appears specific to the conditioned alternation task and dependent upon cholinergic reinnervation of the hippocampus, and the septal grafts did not ameliorate the lesion-induced disturbances in spontaneous activity or spontaneous alternation.
408 citations
366 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that a reinnervation of the hippocampal formation from cholinergic-rich septal transplants is functional in terms of the physiology of neural connectivity and that the newly formed connections can interact with an intrinsic afferent system, the perforant path.
Abstract: The remarkable capacity of transplanted embryonic neurones to innervate the hippocampal formation of mature recipients has been well documented, with the pattern of innervation being shown to be anatomically specific and to resemble normal connectivity1–3. Although transplants are known to have functional consequences in other systems4–9, information has yet to be obtained regarding the functional nature of embryonic septal transplants and the behavioural consequences of transplant innervation of the host hippocampal formation. We provide here evidence that a reinnervation of the hippocampal formation from cholinergic-rich septal transplants is functional in terms of the physiology of neural connectivity and that the newly formed connections can interact with an intrinsic afferent system, the perforant path. Moreover, we demonstrate that the reinnervation can aid in the partial recovery of the performance of a radial maze task that is thought to depend on the integrity of septohippocampal connections10. The behavioural performance of animals with transplants improved significantly compared with those without transplants when both groups were systemically injected with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, physostigmine. These results suggest that neural transplants from embryonic tissue that reinnervate the hippocampal formation can form functional synaptic connections that can lead to the partial restoration of maze performance.
317 citations
TL;DR: The results support the hypothesis that vomiting in bulimia nervosa is an escape-avoidance response reinforced by anxiety reduction, similar in function to compulsive hand washing and checking rituals in obsessive-compulsive neuroses.
233 citations
TL;DR: The results are consistent with previous evidence which suggests a contribution for the central nucleus in the expression of cardiovascular responding during aversive Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit.
206 citations
TL;DR: Nonreactive nonstress tests and nonreactive positive contraction stress tests were associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality and the presence of persistent late decelerations (positive contraction stress test) appeared to be an earlier warning sign of fetal deterioration than did the loss of reactivity.
203 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed model for hysteresis is presented for metal hydride systems based on the requirement for dislocation production during both the formation and decomposition of hydrides.
Abstract: A detailed model for hysteresis is presented for metal hydride systems based on the requirement for dislocation production during both hydride formation and hydride decomposition. A quantitative illustration of the model is presented using the regular interstitial solution approximation. The relationship between the solvus hysteresis and pressure hysteresis is given. The model predicts that calorimetrically measured enthalpies for hydride formation and decomposition will not exhibit any differences arising from hysteresis but that the enthalpies determined from the temperature variations of the plateau pressures for hydride formation and decomposition will show differences due to hysteresis.
192 citations
190 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that vidarabine therapy, when started within the first three days, is valuable for the reduction of complications related to herpes zoster.
Abstract: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the value of vidarabine therapy for the prevention of complications from herpes zoster in immunocompromised patients. Of 121 patients with localized herpes zoster of 72 hours duration or less, 63 received vidarabine and 58 received the placebo. Populations were matched for pertinent characteristics. Therapy accelerated cutaneous healing and decreased the rates of cutaneous dissemination (from 24 per cent [14 patients] to 8 per cent [5 patients]) (P = 0.014); and of zoster-related visceral complications (from 19 per cent [11 patients] to 5 per cent [3 patients]) (P = 0.015). therapy also decreased the total duration of post-herpetic neuralgia (P = 0.047). Patients with lymphoproliferative cancers and those 38 years of age or older were at greatest risk for complications and benefited most from therapy. There was no serious drug toxicity. We conclude that vidarabine therapy, when started within the first three days, is valuable for the reduction of complications related to herpes zoster.
TL;DR: The procedure has been used to prepare DNA from another filamentous basidiomycete, Heterobasidion annosum, and from yeast and with slight modification the procedure is attractive for isolating recombinant plasmids from yeast.
TL;DR: There is a hierarchical relation between infection with malaria and effects on hematology, physiological function, and behavioral capacity, and the results suggest that malarial infection may have significant effects on the ecology of lizard hosts.
Abstract: In northern California, western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, are frequently parasitized by Plasmodium mexicanum, which causes malaria. Animals with this naturally occurring malarial infection are anemic: immature erythrocytes in peripheral blood become abundant (1 to 30 percent), and blood hemoglobin concentration decreases 25 percent. Maximal oxygen consumption decreases 15 percent and aerobic scope drops 29 percent in infected lizards; both correlate with blood hemoglobin concentration. Running stamina, but not burst running speed, is reduced in malarious lizards. There is a hierarchical relation between infection with malaria and effects on hematology, physiological function, and behavioral capacity. The results suggest that malarial infection may have significant effects on the ecology of lizard hosts.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the various forms of response to sexual harassment, including legal redress, establishing employers' responsibilities, and encouraging employees to resist harassment, and support services provided by women's organizations.
Abstract: Remedial actions to curtail and prevent sexual harassment in the workplace have focused on providing victims with legal redress, establishing employers' responsibilities, and encouraging employees to resist harassment. This paper discusses these various forms of response to sexual harassment. First, the development of judicial and legal criteria defining harassment as illegal behavior and establishing parameters of employer responsibilities are reviewed. Then, the discussion examines actions employers have taken to meet their responsibilities (e.g., issuing policy statements). Secondary analyses of data collected from 3139 women who reported experiences of sexual harassment are used to explore individual responses to harassment, and potential determinants of those responses. Finally, support services provided by women's organizations are discussed, and some conclusions are drawn about the impact of remedial actions on the prevention of sexual harassment on the job.
TL;DR: A direct role for the central nucleus in the expression of conditioned heart rate responding in rabbit is suggested, and short latency increases in the multiple unit activity of the amygdala central nucleus were observed in response to a tone conditioned stimulus.
TL;DR: It is suggested that objects within environments may be more important for captive apes than the size or construction of the enclosure, and the types of objects that need to be included in environments May be related to the natural behavior of the individual species.
Abstract: Forty-one zoological gardens in seven European countries were visited to investigate activity level in captive environments for great apes. Forty-three groups of gorillas and 68 groups of orangutans were observed. The seven factors quantified for each of the environments were size of the enclosure, usable surface area, frequency of feeding, number of animals, and number of objects (stationary, temporary, and movable). Activity level of each group was measured by instantaneous scan sampling for one hour on two consecutive days. For both species, the factors most highly related to activity level were number of animals, and stationary, temporary, and movable objects. The usefulness of these variables for predicting group activity level was different for the two species, however. Factors important for gorillas were stationary and temporary objects, while stationary and movable objects were significant for orangutans. These findings suggest that objects within environments may be more important for captive apes than the size or construction of the enclosure. Also, the types of objects that need to be included in environments may be related to the natural behavior of the individual species.
TL;DR: The SHR may provide a valuable animal model for studying spontaneous hyperactivity and for investigating the neurochemical basis of the so-called “paradoxical response” to amphetamine as seen in children.
TL;DR: Although the overall rate of alpine ski injuries has not declined significantly, certain injuries have decreased. as mentioned in this paper found that the rate of lower leg injuries, particularly twist-related injuries, has shown the greatest decline.
TL;DR: While androgen enhances Coxsackie B-3 virus heart disease, estrogen may be protective and enhance mortality levels or T-lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity of infected myofibers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared 1,542 patients who underwent nonstress tests (NSTs) for primary fetal surveillance and 4,626 patients who undergo contraction stress tests (CSTs), and found that the NST group had significantly more respiratory distress syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation, birth weight less than 2,500 gm, and 5minute Apgar scores less than 7.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used one lateral-view X-ray for each of five neck positions: full flexion, full extension, and three intermediate positions, and various parameters were derived to describe two types of data: kinematic (angles and centers of rotation), and geometric (pattern of curvature).
TL;DR: The existence of a more critical cytotoxic lesion that was not detectable by alkaline elution, probably interstrand cross-links, suggests the existence of Resistance could be due to a differential removal of these lesions.
TL;DR: Some of the roentgenological approaches to diagnosis of ailments of the foot and ankle are outlined and some of the clues that can be found with their interpretations are pointed out.
Abstract: When the patient appears in your office with foot and/or ankle complaints, what will be your standard routine X-rays for those areas and what information can you glean from your careful study of these films? What views portray the areas in question and what are suggestive pathognomonic signs? The author has attempted to outline some of the roentgenological approaches to diagnosis of ailments of the foot and ankle and to point out some of the clues that can be found with their interpretations. Many of the signs have, hitherto, not been recognized or are buried in the voluminous orthopaedic literature.
TL;DR: In this article, 66 female undergraduates could choose to compare their test performance to the performance of women who were similar or dissimilar to themselves in physical attractiveness and the college they attended.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the increase in glucocorticoid receptor number during the S phase results from alterations in RNA and protein synthetic processes and was not dependent on DNA replication.
Abstract: HeLa S3 cells contain high affinity, saturable protein receptor molecules which steriospecifically bind active glucocorticoids. The number of glucocorticoid receptors per cell changes as cells in culture proceed through the cell cycle (1). HeLa S3 cells brought to the GI/S boundary by the double thymidine block procedure undergo a rapid synchronous round of DNA synthesis when released into thymidine-free medium. Analysis of glucocorticoid receptor binding indicates a rapid rise in cellular receptor number when measurements are made in whole cells at either 3 C (cytoplasmic) or 37 C (nuclear). Cytoplasmic receptors are maintained at levels about 150% above late GI values throughout S and GII phases until mitosis occurs, whereas the nuclear binding of hormone is dramatically reduced during GII and remains low during mitosis and early GI. Similar cell cycle-dependent alterations in receptor number occur in synchronized cell populations obtained by unit gravity sedimentation. Sucrose density gradient analysis...
TL;DR: Over the range of conditions investigated here, a taste often attenuates, and never potentiates, the conditioning of aversions to both odors and tastes.
01 Jul 1982
TL;DR: The results suggest that JH is required not only for initiation but also for continuation of vitellogenin uptake and oocyte development.
Abstract: It is known from previous work that juvenile hormone (JH) is required to initiate vitellogenin uptake into maturing oocytes ofDrosophila melanogaster, but additional requirements for this hormone during oocyte maturation have not been fully understood. To determine if early vitellogenic oocytes (stages 8 and 9) require JH for continued development, these oocytes were transplanted toDrosophila female and male hosts which were rendered deficient in JH by three methods. Implanted stage 9 and usually stage 8 oocytes were found to degenerate in JH-deficient hosts unless ZR-515, a JH analogue, was applied to the host shortly after implantation. These results were confirmed during in situ ovary development. JH deficiency was produced in gravid females, and ovaries examined at subsequent time intervals were found to be deficient in stage 8–10 oocytes as early as 6 h after treatment. Degenerating oocytes corresponding to these stages were commonly found. ZR-515 prevented oocyte degeneration during at least the first 8 h and continued to support stage 8–10 oocyte development 24 h after application to these females. The results suggest that JH is required not only for initiation but also for continuation of vitellogenin uptake and oocyte development.
TL;DR: Data indicated that the aphasic group performed significantly worse than the normals on all three subtests of comprehension, and there was a strong positive correlation between severity of aphasia and error scores for all three tests.
TL;DR: This data indicates that lymphocytes, which die in response to glucocorticoid, exhibit enhanced rates of cellular protein degradation, which encouraged this work to study the turnover of other lymphocyte cellular macromolecules, namely RNA, as regulated by adrenal steroids.
Abstract: Glucocorticoids are known to stimulate lymphoid cell death, but little information is available regarding the biochemical mechanisms of adrenal steroid-induced lymphocytolysis. Previous work from our laboratory indicates that lymphocytes, which die in response to glucocorticoid, exhibit enhanced rates of cellular protein degradation. These findings encouraged us to study the turnover of other lymphocyte cellular macromolecules, namely RNA, as regulated by adrenal steroids. Thymic lymphocytes were pulse labeled in vitro in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 10 μCi/ml [3H] uridine. Precursor incorporation into RNA was effectively stopped by a chase/dilution (1:20) of cells into fresh medium supplemented with 10 mM of both unlabeled uridine and cytidine. Cells were incubated in this medium for up to 4 h at 37 C with or without dexamethasone (Dex), and the remaining RNA-associated radioactivity was measured either by acid precipitation or with a multiple automated sample harvester. Control cel...