University of Vermont

About: University of Vermont is a education organization based out in Burlington, Vermont, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 17592 authors who have published 38251 publications receiving 1609874 citations. The organization is also known as: UVM & University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.

Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparisons among countries and categories of smokers

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To collect available international data on nicotine dependence as defined by the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence, and to compare levels of dependence among countries and categories of smokers. DATA SOURCES: Published and unpublished studies known to the authors and a search of EMBASE from 1985-1995. STUDY SELECTION: Studies included were those based on a nationally representative sample of a country's population, or a sample of smokers seeking cessation assistance. DATA SYNTHESIS: Smokers who seek help in stopping smoking are much more dependent than the average smoker. Men consistently score higher on dependence than women. Ex-smokers appear to have lower dependence than current smokers. A country with low smoking prevalence, the United States, seems to have smokers with higher dependence scores than countries where smoking is more prevalent (such as Austria and Poland). CONCLUSIONS: Successful tobacco control may result in a higher dependence among the remaining smokers (due to selective quitting by low-dependent smokers). The remaining highly dependent smokers may need more intensive treatment.

Linear Oligo(ferrocenyldimethylsilanes) with between Two and Nine Ferrocene Units: Electrochemical and Structural Models for Poly(ferrocenylsilane) High Polymers

Abstract: In order to gain insight into the electrochemical and conformational properties of the prototypical high polymeric poly(ferrocenylsilane), poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) [Fe(η-C5H4)2SiMe2]n 6, three series of oligo(ferrocenylsilanes) R-fc-[SiMe2-fc]n-1-R‘ (fc = Fe(η-C5H4)2) 72−79 (R = R‘ = H), 82−87 (R = H and R‘ = SiMe3), and 92−97 (R = R‘ = SiMe3) have been prepared and studied (the subscript n in the oligomer refers to the number of ferrocene units present). These species were prepared via the anionic ring-opening oligomerization of the silicon-bridged [1]ferrocenophane Fe(η-C5H4)2SiMe2 5. Initiation with ferrocenyllithium FcLi (Fc = Fe(η-C5H5)(η-C5H4)) followed by quenching with H2O or SiMe3Cl afforded H-fc-[SiMe2-fc]n-1-H (72-9) or H-fc-[SiMe2-fc]n-1-SiMe3 (82-7), respectively. Initiation with the dilithioferrocene complex fcLi·2/3TMEDA followed by quenching with H2O or SiMe3Cl similarly afforded the oligomers H-fc-[SiMe2-fc]n-1-H (72-9) or alternatively the bis(silyl)-capped species Me3Si-fc-[SiMe2-...

Perceived control and coping with stress: A developmental perspective.

Abstract: This article discusses developmental changes in perceptions of control, the relationship between perceived control and strategies used by children to cope with stress, and the interaction between perceived control and coping in their association with psychological adjustment and disorder. Developmental research on children’s perceptions of control has identifed both changes and consistencies in contingency, competence, and control beliefs during childhood and early adolescence. Developmental changes in coping have also been documented, with problem-focused skills emerging during childhood, and more rapid development of emotion-focused coping skills during later childhood and early adolescence. Studies have shown that perceptions of control are related to the ways that children and adolescents cope with stress. The implications of this research for interventions aimed at enhancing children’s problem-solving and coping skills are discussed. Josh, an 11-year-old boy, and Amy, an 11-year-old girl, both share the common experience of being teased by other children. They find such experiences stressful, but they differ considerably in their beliefs about the controllability of these problems and in their actions to try to deal with them. Although

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Melanoma: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Society of Surgical Oncology Joint Clinical Practice Guideline

Abstract: Purpose The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) sought to provide an evidence-based guideline on the use of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in staging patients with newly diagnosed melanoma.

Climate‐Smart Landscapes: Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Adaptation and Mitigation in Tropical Agriculture

Abstract: 18 Bioversity International, Regional Office for the Americas, Recta Cali-Palmira km 17, Palmira, Colombia Abstract Addressing the global challenges of climate change, food security, and poverty alleviation requires enhancing the adaptive capacity and mitigation potential of agricultural landscapes across the tropics. However, adaptation and mitiga- tion activities tend to be approached separately due to a variety of technical, political, financial, and socioeconomic constraints. Here, we demonstrate that many tropical agricultural systems can provide both mitigation and adaptation benefits if they are designed and managed appropriately and if the larger land- scape context is considered. Many of the activities needed for adaptation and mitigation in tropical agricultural landscapes are the same needed for sustain- able agriculture more generally, but thinking at the landscape scale opens a new dimension for achieving synergies. Intentional integration of adaptation and mitigation activities in agricultural landscapes offers significant benefits that go beyond the scope of climate change to food security, biodiversity con- servation, and poverty alleviation. However, achieving these objectives will require transformative changes in current policies, institutional arrangements, and funding mechanisms to foster broad-scale adoption of climate-smart ap- proaches in agricultural landscapes.