University of Vermont

About: University of Vermont is a education organization based out in Burlington, Vermont, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 17592 authors who have published 38251 publications receiving 1609874 citations. The organization is also known as: UVM & University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.

Effects of resistance training and endurance training on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, young women: a controlled randomized trial.

Abstract: We examined the effects of a 6-month randomized program of endurance training (n = 14), resistance training (n = 17), or control conditions (n = 20) on insulin sensitivity in nonobese, younger women (18-35 yr). To examine the possible mechanism(s) related to alterations in insulin sensitivity, we measured body composition, regional adiposity, and skeletal muscle characteristics with computed tomography. We observed no changes in total body fat, sc abdominal adipose tissue, or visceral adipose tissue with endurance or resistance training. Insulin sensitivity, however, increased with endurance training (pre, 421 +/- 107; post, 490 +/- 133 mg/min; P < 0.05) and resistance training (pre, 382 +/- 87; post, 417 +/- 89 mg/min; P = 0.06). When the glucose disposal rate was expressed per kg fat-free mass (FFM), the improved insulin sensitivity persisted in endurance-trained (pre, 10.5 +/- 2.7; post, 12.1 +/- 3.3 mg/min x kg FFM; P < 0.05), but not in resistance-trained (pre, 9.7 +/- 1.9; post, 10.2 +/- 1.8 mg/min x kg FFM; P = NS) women. Muscle attenuation ratios increased (P < 0.05) in both endurance- and resistance-trained individuals, but this was not related to changes in insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the change in insulin sensitivity was not related to the increased maximum aerobic capacity in endurance-trained women (r = 0.24; P = NS). We suggest that both endurance and resistance training improve glucose disposal, although by different mechanisms, in young women. An increase in the amount of FFM from resistance training contributes to increased glucose disposal probably from a mass effect, without altering the intrinsic capacity of the muscle to respond to insulin. On the other hand, endurance training enhances glucose disposal independent of changes in FFM or maximum aerobic capacity, suggestive of an intrinsic change in the muscle to metabolize glucose. We conclude that enhanced glucose uptake after physical training in young women occurs with and without changes in FFM and body composition.

When Mom or Dad Has Cancer: II. Coping, Cognitive Appraisals, and Psychological Distress in Children of Cancer Patients

Abstract: Cognitive appraisals and coping were examined in children, adolescents, and young adults (N = 134) faced with the diagnosis of cancer in a parent. All 3 age groups perceived low personal control and high external control over their parent's illness and used relatively little problemfocused coping. Adolescents and young adults reported more emotion-focused coping and dual-focused coping (both problem- and emotion-focused in intent) than did preadolescent children. Stage and prognosis of parent's cancer were related to appraisals of greater seriousness and stressfulness, and to more avoidance; however, only appraisals of stress were related to symptoms of anxiety-depression. Emotion-focused coping was related to greater avoidance and to higher symptoms of anxiety-depre ssion; coping and control beliefs did not interact in their association with anxiety-depression symptoms.

Authenticity in Constructivist Inquiry: Methodological Considerations Without Prescription

Abstract: Principles concerning authenticity in constructivist inquiry are described in the context of the emergent paradigm. Suggestions are offered from which the researcher can choose to work toward, though never prescriptively guarantee, high-quality research findings.

Adult stem cells from bone marrow stroma differentiate into airway epithelial cells: Potential therapy for cystic fibrosis

Abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most prevalent, fatal genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, is caused by mutations of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The mutations of this chloride channel alter the transport of chloride and associated liquid and thereby impair lung defenses. Patients typically succumb to chronic bacterial infections and respiratory failure. Restoration of the abnormal CFTR function to CF airway epithelium is considered the most direct way to treat the disease. In this report, we explore the potential of adult stem cells from bone marrow, referred to as mesenchymal or marrow stromal stem cells (MSCs), to provide a therapy for CF. We found that MSCs possess the capacity of differentiating into airway epithelia. MSCs from CF patients are amenable to CFTR gene correction, and expression of CFTR does not influence the pluripotency of MSCs. Moreover, the CFTR-corrected MSCs from CF patients are able to contribute to apical Cl- secretion in response to cAMP agonist stimulation, suggesting the possibility of developing cell-based therapy for CF. The ex vivo coculture system established in this report offers an invaluable approach for selection of stem-cell populations that may have greater potency in lung differentiation.

Stroke in young adults.

Abstract: Strokes in young adults are uncommon and often a diagnostic challenge. A retrospective study of strokes due to intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or cerebral infarction was undertaken. We reviewed the medical records of 113 young patients aged 15-45 years who were admitted to the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont with a diagnosis of stroke between 1982 and 1987. This group comprised 8.5% of patients of all ages admitted for stroke, 2.3 times the proportion observed in the National Survey of Stroke. Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage was diagnosed in 46 young patients (41%); the main causes included aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, hypertension, and tumors. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in 19 young patients (17%); the majority were due to aneurysms. The remaining 48 young patients (42%) had cerebral infarction, the majority due to cardiogenic emboli and premature atherosclerosis. Mitral valve prolapse, the use of oral contraceptives, alcohol drinking, and migraine were infrequent sole causes of cerebral infarction in the absence of other risk factors. The case-fatality rate for this group of young patients with stroke was 20.4% compared with 23.9% for the National Survey of Stroke. Young adults with stroke deserve an extensive but tailored evaluation, which should include angiography and echocardiography.