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Institution

University of Vermont

EducationBurlington, Vermont, United States
About: University of Vermont is a education organization based out in Burlington, Vermont, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 17592 authors who have published 38251 publications receiving 1609874 citations. The organization is also known as: UVM & University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.


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Journal ArticleDOI
15 Apr 1980-Cancer
TL;DR: It is suggested that the KPS has considerable validity as a global indicator of the functional status of patients with cancer and might be helpful for following other patients with chronic disease.
Abstract: The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was designed to measure the level of patient activity and medical care requirements. It is a general measure of patient independence and has been widely used as a general assessment of patients with cancer. Although there is a long history of use of the KPS for judging cancer patients, its reliability and validity have been assumed without formal investigation. The interrater reliability of the KPS was investigated in two ways, both of which gave evidence of moderately high reliability. The patients evaluated in their home were usually assigned a lower KPS score compared with a similar evaluation at the same time done in the outpatient clinic. Construct validity of the KPS was demonstrated by strong correlation with several variables relating to physical function. Onstudy KPS scores accurately predicted early death, but high initial KPS scores did not necessarily predict long survival. Patient deterioration with subsequent death within a few months could be predicted to a limited extent by a rapidly dropping KPS. These results suggest that the KPS has considerable validity as a global indicator of the functional status of patients with cancer and might be helpful for following other patients with chronic disease. Cancer 45:2220-2224, 1980. ITH THE INCREASE in clinical trials designed to W evaluate chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of cancer, it became evident that some method of quantifying patients’ status relative to degree of independence in carrying out normal activities and selfcare was needed. In 1948, Karnofsky and Burchena15 described a numerical scale for this purpose. This has subsequently become known as the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS). Although the KPS is widely used for assessment of patients with cancer, its reliability and validity have generally been assumed without formal investigation. In this paper we evaluate the reliability and validity of the KPS and its usefulness as a clinical tool. An earlier study from this institution of patients on chronic hemodialysis demonstrated lower performance scores for patients when seen in the home as compared with the clinic.3 The conclusion was that a more realistic appraisal of activity was possible in the home. Concurrent home and clinic evaluations were planned as a part of this study.

822 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rapid induction of glycolytic flux increased within minutes of exposure to TLR agonists and served an essential role in supporting the de novo synthesis of fatty acids for the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi required for the production and secretion of proteins that are integral to DC activation.
Abstract: The ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) leads to rapid activation of dendritic cells (DCs). However, the metabolic requirements that support this process remain poorly defined. We found that DC glycolytic flux increased within minutes of exposure to TLR agonists and that this served an essential role in supporting the de novo synthesis of fatty acids for the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi required for the production and secretion of proteins that are integral to DC activation. Signaling via the kinases TBK1, IKKɛ and Akt was essential for the TLR-induced increase in glycolysis by promoting the association of the glycolytic enzyme HK-II with mitochondria. In summary, we identified the rapid induction of glycolysis as an integral component of TLR signaling that is essential for the anabolic demands of the activation and function of DCs.

817 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Questions remain about which groups of patients benefit from therapy and at which point in the course of disease this therapy should be initiated, and limited rigorous evidence exists demonstrating the effect of these therapies on important long-term clinical outcomes.
Abstract: National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus and stateof-the-science statements are prepared by independent panels of health professionals and public representatives on the basis of 1) the results of a systematic literature review prepared under contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ); 2) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the conference questions during a 2-day public session; 3) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session; and 4) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the National Institutes of Health or the U.S. government. The statement reflects the panel’s assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a “snapshot in time” of the state of knowledge on the conference topic. When reading the statement, keep in mind that new knowledge is inevitably accumulating through medical research. Hepatitis B is a major cause of liver disease worldwide, ranking as a substantial cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development and use of a vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV) has resulted in a substantial decline in the number of new cases of acute hepatitis B among children, adolescents, and adults in the United States. However, this success has not yet been duplicated worldwide, and both acute and chronic HBV infection continue to represent important global health problems. Seven treatments are currently approved for adult patients with chronic HBV infection in the United States: interferon-, pegylated interferon-, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Interferon- and lamivudine have been approved for children with HBV infection. Although available randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) show encouraging short-term results— demonstrating the favorable effect of these agents on such intermediate markers of disease as HBV DNA level, liver enzyme tests, and liver histology— limited rigorous evidence exists demonstrating the effect of these therapies on important long-term clinical outcomes, such as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma or a reduction in deaths. Questions therefore remain about which groups of patients benefit from therapy and at which point in the course of disease this therapy should be initiated.

816 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This guideline update reflects changes in practice since the 2005 guideline and recommends women without sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases should not receive axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).
Abstract: Purpose To provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing oncologists, surgeons, and radiation therapy clinicians to update the 2005 clinical practice guideline on the use of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Update Committee of experts in medical oncology, pathology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, guideline implementation, and advocacy. A systematic review of the literature was conducted from February 2004 to January 2013 in Medline. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence by Update Committee. Results This guideline update reflects changes in practice since the 2005 guideline. Nine randomized clinical trials (RCTs) met systematic review criteria for clinical questions 1 and 2; 13 cohort studies informed clinical question 3. Recommendations Women without sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases should not receive axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Women with one to t...

806 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A lack of significant r's with the Minnesota Child Development Inventory, Bayley, and McCarthy indicate that the CBCL/2–3 taps behavioral/emotional problems independently of the developmental variance tapped by these measures.
Abstract: The aim was to determine whether ratings of 2- and 3-year-olds could yield more differentiation among their behavioral/emotional problems than the internalizing-externalizing dichotomy found in previous studies. The 99-item Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 2-3 (CBCL/2-3) was designed to extend previously developed empirically based assessment procedures to 2-and 3-year-olds. Factor analyses of the CBCL/2-3 completed by parents of 398 2- and 3-year-olds yielded six syndromes having at least eight items loading greater than or equal to .30 and designated as Social Withdrawal, Depressed, Sleep Problems, Somatic Problems, Aggressive, and Destructive. Second-order analyses showed that the first two were related to a broad-band internalizing grouping, whereas the last two were related to a broad-band externalizing grouping. Scales for the six syndromes, two broad-band groupings, and total problem score were constructed from scores obtained by 273 children in a general population sample. Mean test-retest reliability r was .87, 1-year stability r was .69, 1-year predictive r with CBCL/4-16 scales at age 4 was .63, 2-year predictive r was .55, and 3-year predictive r was .49. Children referred for mental health services scored significantly higher than nonreferred children on all scales. A lack of significant r's with the Minnesota Child Development Inventory, Bayley, and McCarthy indicate that the CBCL/2-3 taps behavioral/emotional problems independently of the developmental variance tapped by these measures.

803 citations


Authors

Showing all 17727 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Albert Hofman2672530321405
Ralph B. D'Agostino2261287229636
George Davey Smith2242540248373
Stephen V. Faraone1881427140298
Valentin Fuster1791462185164
Dennis J. Selkoe177607145825
Anders Björklund16576984268
Alfred L. Goldberg15647488296
Christopher P. Cannon1511118108906
Debbie A Lawlor1471114101123
Roger J. Davis147498103478
Andrew S. Levey144600156845
Jonathan G. Seidman13756389782
Yu Huang136149289209
Christine E. Seidman13451967895
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202359
2022177
20211,840
20201,762
20191,653
20181,569