University of Veterinary Science

About: University of Veterinary Science is a(n) education organization based out in Pyinmana, Myanmar. It is known for research contribution in the topic(s): Population & Feed conversion ratio. The organization has 597 authors who have published 650 publication(s) receiving 14262 citation(s).

World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants (bovine, ovine, caprine).

Abstract: The first edition of the W.A.A.V.P. anthelmintic guidelines for ruminants was published in 1982. Since then improved parasitological procedures have been developed, new therapeutic and prophylactic products have appeared requiring different test methods, and registration authorities are requesting more detailed record keeping and data validation. This second edition addresses these developments and fulfills the original goal of publishing guidelines for high quality, scientifically valid testing standards for trials that would be accepted as proof of efficacy by registration authorities regardless of country of origin. This second edition includes updated guidance on standard parasitological procedures, dose titration, dose confirmation and clinical trials, and provides guidelines for evaluating products for efficacy against anthelmintic resistant parasites, persistence of activity and prophylactic activity. Tests for efficacy against nematodes, trematodes and cestodes are included.

Mosaicplasty for the Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus: Two to Seven Year Results in 36 Patients

Abstract: An osteochondral defect (OCD) is known as a symptomatic lesion causing pain, recurrent synovitis, and altered joint mechanics most commonly in a weightbearing joint. Loose bodies may develop, which...

Unitary IPSPs evoked by interneurons at the stratum radiatum‐stratum lacunosum‐moleculare border in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus in vitro

Abstract: 1. Hippocampal non-principal neurons at the stratum radiatum-stratum lacunosum-moleculare border (R-LM interneurons) of the CA1 area may constitute several cell classes and have been implicated in the generation of GABAergic unitary IPSPs. Using biocytin-filled electrodes we recorded R-LM interneurons intracellularly in vitro and determined their postsynaptic effects in concomitantly recorded pyramidal cells. 2. Light microscopic analysis revealed four populations of R-LM interneurons with distinct axons: (1) basket cells (n = 4) with axons predominantly ramifying in the pyramidal cell layer; (2) Schaffer collateral/commissural pathway-associated interneurons (n = 10) stratifying in stratum radiatum and, to a lesser extent, stratum oriens; (3) perforant pathway-associated interneurons (n = 6) innervating the perforant path termination zone in stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the CA1 area as well as equivalent portions of the dentate gyrus and subiculum; and (4) neurogliaform interneurons (n = 2) characterized by their dense, compact axonal and dendritic arbour. 3. Random electron microscopic sampling of synaptic targets revealed a preponderance of pyramidal neurons as postsynaptic elements. Basket cells had a synaptic target preference for somata and proximal dendrites, whereas the remainder of R-LM interneurons innervated dendritic shafts and spines. The axon of dendrite-targeting cells formed up to six putative contacts with individual postsynatpic pyramidal cells. 4. Anatomically recovered R-LM interneurons (n = 22) had a mean resting membrane potential of -56.7 +/- 3.6 mV, a membrane time constant of 12.9 +/- 7.7 ms and an input resistance of 86.4 +/- 29.2 M omega. Depolarizing current pulses generally elicited overshooting action potentials (70.8 +/- 6.9 mV) which had a mean duration, when measured at half-amplitude, of 0.7 +/- 0.1 ms. In response to prolonged (> 200 ms) depolarizing current pulses all R-LM interneurons displayed (a varying degree of) spike frequency adaptation. 5. Basket cells, Schaffer-associated and neurogliaform interneurons elicited small-amplitude (< 2 mV), short-latency IPSPs in postsynaptic pyramids (n = 5, 13 and 1, respectively). Those interactions in which an effect was elicited with the repetitive activation of the presynaptic neuron (n = 13) showed a substantial degree of postsynaptic response summation. Unitary IPSPs had fast kinetics and, whenever tested (n = 5; 1 basket cell and 4 Schaffer-associated interneurons), were abolished by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. 6. Thus, R-LM interneurons comprise several distinct populations which evoke fast GABAA receptor mediated IPSPs. The domain-specific innervation of postsynaptic pyramidal cells suggests functionally diverse effects on the integration of afferent information in functionally non-equivalent compartments of pyramidal cells.

Residual operators of uninorms

Abstract: Uninorms are an important generalization of t-norms and t-conorms, having a neutral element lying anywhere in the unit interval. A uninorm shows a typical block structure and is built from a t-norm, a t-conorm and a mean operator. Two important classes of uninorms are characterized, corresponding to the use of the minimum operator (the class U min) and maximum operator (the class U max) as mean operator. The characterization of representable uninorms, i.e. uninorms with an additive generator, and of left-continuous and right-continuous idempotent uninorms is recalled. Two residual operators are associated with a uninorm and it is characterized when they yield an implicator and coimplicator. The block structure of the residual implicator of members of the class U min and of the residual coimplicator of members of the class U max is investigated. Explicit expressions for the residual implicator and residual coimplicator of representable uninorms and of certain left-continuous or right-continuous idempotent uninorms are given. Additional properties such as contrapositivity are discussed.

Cortisol release and heart rate variability in horses during road transport

Abstract: Based on plasma cortisol concentrations it is widely accepted that transport is stressful to horses. So far, cortisol release during transport has not been evaluated in depth by non-invasive techniques such as analysis of salivary cortisol and faecal cortisol metabolites. Transport also causes changes in heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV). In this study, salivary cortisol, faecal cortisol metabolites, heart rate and HRV in horses transported by road for short (one and 3.5 h) and medium duration (8 h) were determined. With the onset of transport, salivary cortisol increased immediately but highest concentrations were measured towards the end of transport (4.1+/-1.6, 4.5+/-2.6, 6.5+/-1.8 ng/ml in horses transported for one, 3.5 and 8 h, respectively). Faecal cortisol metabolite concentrations did not change during transport, but 1 day after transport for 3.5 and 8 h had increased significantly (p<0.01), reflecting intestinal passage time. Compared to salivary cortisol, changes in faecal cortisol metabolites were less pronounced. Heart rate increased and beat-to-beat (RR) interval decreased (p<0.05) with the onset of transport. Standard deviation of heart rate increased while root mean square of successive RR differences (RMSSD) decreased in horses transported for 3.5 (from 74+/-5 to 45+/-6 ms) and 8 h (from 89.7+/-7 to 59+/-7 ms), indicating a reduction in vagal tone. In conclusion, transport of horses over short and medium distances leads to increased cortisol release and changes in heart rate and HRV indicative of stress. The degree of these changes is related to the duration of transport. Salivary cortisol is a sensitive parameter to detect transient changes in cortisol release.