Showing papers by "University of Veterinary Science published in 1999"
23 Sep 1999
TL;DR: Two important classes of uninorms are characterized, corresponding to the use of the minimum operator (the class Umin) and maximum operator ( the class Umax) as mean operator, and the block structure of the residual implicator and residual coimplicator of members of the classUmax is investigated.
Abstract: Uninorms are an important generalization of t-norms and t-conorms, having a neutral element lying anywhere in the unit interval. A uninorm shows a typical block structure and is built from a t-norm, a t-conorm and a mean operator. Two important classes of uninorms are characterized, corresponding to the use of the minimum operator (the class U
min) and maximum operator (the class U
max) as mean operator. The characterization of representable uninorms, i.e. uninorms with an additive generator, and of left-continuous and right-continuous idempotent uninorms is recalled. Two residual operators are associated with a uninorm and it is characterized when they yield an implicator and coimplicator. The block structure of the residual implicator of members of the class U
min and of the residual coimplicator of members of the class U
max is investigated. Explicit expressions for the residual implicator and residual coimplicator of representable uninorms and of certain left-continuous or right-continuous idempotent uninorms are given. Additional properties such as contrapositivity are discussed.
196 citations
TL;DR: Six Finnish Ayrshire cows were challenged intramammarily with 1500 CFU of E. coli into single udder quarters, and the challenge was repeated into contralateral quarters 3 weeks later, resulting in clinical mastitis in all cows.
Abstract: Six Finnish Ayrshire cows were challenged intramammarily with 1500 CFU of Escherichia coli (E. coli) into single udder quarters, and the challenge was repeated into contralateral quarters 3 weeks later. All cows received flunixine meglumine once, and 3 of them were also treated with enrofloxacin. At the 2nd challenge, treatments were changed vice versa. The development of mastitis was followed by monitoring of systemic and local clinical signs, and with serial milk and serum samples. Intramarnmary challenge with E. coli produced clinical mastitis in all cows, the severity of the disease varying greatly between the animals. No significant changes between the 2 treatment regimens or sequent challenges were found for any of the clinical parameters. The response of each cow followed the same pattern after both challenges; three of the cows became mildly and the other 3 either moderately or severely affected. Two severely affected cows had to be euthanized because of severe mastitis. Serum haptoglobin and amyloid-A concentrations peaked 2–3 days after bacterial challenge. Serum haptoglobin did not correlate with the severity of the disease. Serum amyloid-A rose gradually in the severely affected cows, and significant differences were found between severely versus moderately or mildly affected cows at day 4. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations increased only in the severely affected cows. Serum Cortisol response was prolonged in the severely diseased animals, and was significantly lower after the second challenge. Serum nitrite/nitrate concentration increased in the severely affected cows. This indicated excess nitric oxide production during acute E. coli mastitis. Strongly decreased milk production, and high bacterial growth in the infected quarters were best predictors for the outcome from acute E coli mastitis.
141 citations
136 citations
TL;DR: The diagnostic value of 2 plasma acute-phase proteins, haptoglobin and alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and plasma N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase enzyme activity were studied in newly calved dairy cows and suggest that in acute uterine infection a highly increased haaptoglobin concentration indicates poor prognosis for repeat conception.
77 citations
TL;DR: Using 5′- and 3′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and two cDNA libraries, this work cloned the 6094-base pair full-length chicken D2 cDNA and deduced protein is ∼31 kDa and contains two in-frame UGA codons presumably encoding selenocysteine.
74 citations
TL;DR: It was found, that lipid per oxidation as detected by the amount of malondialdehyde increased in all of the species and tissues but the changes varied by species.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, thermal stability of vegetative cells of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum was studied by counting viable fractions and determining DSC curves of their suspensions.
Abstract: Thermal stability of vegetative cells of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus plantarum was studied by counting viable fractions and determining DSC curves of their suspensions. DSC curves in the 5–99°C range showed a series of endothermic transitions between 50 and 60°C, where the heat destruction of cells occurred. Heat denaturation of DNA required a higher temperature than cell killing. Thermal death was strongly influenced by the pH, composition and NaCl content of the suspending buffer. A mathematical model developed by us enabled comparison of DSC peak temperatures and temperatures required for loss of viability.
42 citations
TL;DR: The digestibility coefficient and metabolizable energy (ME) content of the most important pigeon feeds were determined and it was concluded that it was more accurate to determine and tabulate the ME contents of other potential pigeon feeds directly by experimental methods than using an equation.
40 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that dystrophins are expressed coinciding with the development of the blood-brain barrier, and it is assumed that they contribute to the formation of this system.
39 citations
TL;DR: Testing facultative sheep-rumen bacteria which inhibit growth of Escherichia coli produced 11 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, potentially providing a means of survival in this ecosystem.
Abstract: Screening facultative sheep-rumen bacteria which inhibit growth of Escherichia coli produced 11 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The isolates showed three different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and strains from different sheep produced pyocins that varied in strain specificity. Representative strains were resistant to ampicillin, methicillin, erythromycin, fusidic acid and augmentin, but not to tetracycline or nalidixic acid. Tested strains attached in large numbers to cultured rumen epithelial cells, potentially providing a means of survival in this ecosystem.
32 citations
TL;DR: Large amounts of acute paralysis virus were detected serologically in healthy honey bee pupae killed by the injection of a bacteria-free extract of diseased adult bees and Crystalline arrays of 30 nm particles were seen in ultrathin sections of the tissues of injected pupae and naturally infected adult bees.
Abstract: Viruses of the honey bee have been known for a long time; however, recently the attention of scientists and apiculturalists has turned towards the relationship between these viruses and the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. Although clinical symptoms indicated the presence of some of the viruses of bees in Hungary, none have previously been isolated or identified. During July unusual adult bee and brood mortality was observed in some colonies of an apiary in Budapest known to be infested with Varroa jacobsoni. Large amounts of acute paralysis virus (APV) were detected serologically in healthy honey bee pupae killed by the injection of a bacteria-free extract of diseased adult bees. Crystalline arrays of 30 nm particles were seen in ultrathin sections of the tissues of injected pupae and naturally infected adult bees. In spite of the application of acaricide treatments the bee population in several colonies had collapsed by the end of summer and the apiary suffered severe wintering losses.
TL;DR: Ten guinea pigs with an ovarian cyst had clinical signs of anorexia, alopecia, or depression and diagnosis of the disease by plain radiography is difficult because of the similar opacity of ovarian cysts, abdominal neoplasms, and trichobezoars.
Abstract: Ten guinea pigs with an ovarian cyst had clinical signs of anorexia, alopecia, or depression. Ultrasonographic features of the 2- to 3-cm diameter fluid-filled cysts included compartmentalization and connection to the ovary. In two animals, a unilateral cyst was present, and in two others, the cysts were bilateral. Diagnosis of the disease by plain radiography is difficult because of the similar opacity of ovarian cysts, abdominal neoplasms, and trichobezoars.
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravaginal prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) would be effective for the treatment of metritis or pyometra in the bitch.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) would be effective for the treatment of metritis or pyometra in the bitch. Seventeen bitches with metritis or pyometra were treated with PGF2 alpha. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (150 micrograms/kg body weight) was administered once or twice daily by infusing 0.3 ml per 10 kg body wt into the vaginal lumen. Bitches were also treated with amoxicillin (15 mg/kg body wt/48 h) and/or gentamicin (4 mg/kg body wt/day) administered as intramuscular (i.m.) injections. Fifteen bitches were treated successfully with intravaginally administered PGF2 alpha for 3 to 12 days and with intramuscularly administered antibiotics for 4 to 12 days. Success of treatment was judged by cessation of vaginal discharge, the absence of fluid in the uterus as determined by ultrasonography, and the overall health status of the animal. As two bitches with pyometra showed clinical deterioration in spite of medical treatment, ovariohysterectomy was performed after the first and the second treatment, respectively. No side effects (salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, hyperpnoea, ataxia, urination, anxiety, pupillary dilatation followed by contraction) were observed after PGF2 alpha treatment. The disease did not recur during the subsequent oestrous cycles within 12 months after the initial treatment. The results demonstrate that intravaginal administration of PGF2 alpha was effective in 13 dogs (86.6%) with metritis or pyometra, and caused no side effects. Although the study was based on a relatively small number of cases, it is concluded that prostaglandin F2 alpha can be a useful means of treating bitches with metritis or pyometra. However, in severe cases of pyometra ovariohysterectomy is needed.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that OA might have the potential to affect sperm production and semen quality of boars, but further research is required to elucidate whether OA exerts direct effect on germinal epithelium or disturbs sperm cell maturation only.
TL;DR: It is concluded that none of the drugs can be recommended for chemoprophylaxis or therapy of cryptosporidiosis in chickens.
Abstract: Three battery tests were conducted to study the anticryptosporidial efficacy of the 2 commercially available anticoccidial triazinone derivates, diclazuril and toltrazuril, and a garlic extract. At the recommended level, diclazuril reduced the oocyst output of birds by 14.6%. The efficacy of toltrazuril was 52.1% at the recommended level, which could be moderately increased using 5 or 10 times the recommended dose. However, these doses resulted in significant weight gain reduction. The efficacy of garlic extract was 24.4%. It is concluded that none of the drugs can be recommended for chemoprophylaxis or therapy of cryptosporidiosis in chickens.
TL;DR: Based upon ultrastructural examinations this agent is considered to be a chlamydia or a chamydia-like organism.
Abstract: Epitheliocystis disease was diagnosed in a cultured pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicusHolmberg, 1893) stock on the basis of gross pathological (greyish-white, pinpoint- or pinhead-sized focal areas, connected strongly to the gill lamellae) and histopathological examinations (hypertrophic cells 10-40 µm in size, having a well-defined wall and a central inclusion or characteristic granular content stained with Giemsa). The disease did not occur among fishes (Cyprinus carpioL.,Ctenopharyngodon idellaCuv. and Val.,Sarotherodon mosambicusPeters,Hoplias malabaricusBloch) kept together with the affected pacus. About 30-40% of the pacu stock succumbed. Since branchial lesions and heavy mortality were observed in this pacu population, the aetiological role of the epitheliocystis agent could be suspected. Based upon ultrastructural examinations this agent is considered to be a chlamydia or a chlamydia-like organism.
TL;DR: Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts and had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate, and carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein.
Abstract: Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver.
TL;DR: A 37-year-old Hungarian man exhibiting a swelling in his right testicle was treated for dirofilariosis, and a nodule attached to the spermatic cord was revealed, consisting of a granulomatous tissue around sections of a nematode.
Abstract: Orchiectomy was performed in a 37-year-old Hungarian man exhibiting a swelling in his right testicle. Histology revealed a nodule attached to the spermatic cord, consisting of a granulomatous tissue around sections of a nematode. The worm was identified asDirofilaria repens, an uncommon parasite in Hungary. As the patient had been abroad only in Italy where cases of dirofilariosis in dogs and humans are relatively frequent, it is assumed that the infection might have been acquired in that country 5 years earlier. This is the fifth case, published so far in the world, of such a localization in a human. The human cases of dirofilariosis reported in Hungary are reviewed.
Journal Article•
01 May 1999-Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B-infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health
TL;DR: The biochemical and serological characteristics of 486 P. haemolytica and 31 P. trehalosi strains isolated from different lesions of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry were examined and it was found that the pig isolates, which could be isolated only very rarely, represented different serotypes, while none of the 10 strains isolate from poultry could be biotyped or serotyped.
Abstract: The biochemical and serological characteristics of 486 P haemolytica and 31 P trehalosi strains (517 in total) isolated from different lesions of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry were examined A total of 476 P haemolytica strains (979%) showed the characteristics typical of the former biotype A of P haemolytica, while 10 isolates (21%), all from poultry, could not be biotyped A total of 481 strains (930%) could be assigned to one of the 17 serotypes of P haemolytica-P trehalosi and 36 strains (70%) could not The majority (836%) of the cattle isolates were serotypes A1 and A2 Among strains isolated from sheep all serotypes of P haemolytica could be identified with the exception of A14, but serotypes A1, A2, A6, A8 and A5 were the most frequent The overwhelming majority (94%) of the caprine isolates were A2, other serotypes occurred only sporadically The pig isolates, which could be isolated only very rarely, represented different serotypes, while none of the 10 strains isolated from poultry could be biotyped or serotyped
TL;DR: The data suggest that the systemic application of interleukin-1 can induce partial protection against C. baileyi in chickens and that prolonged, abundant oocyst shedding is due to an indomethacin-sensitive immunodepression via the prostaglandin pathway.
Abstract: The effects exerted by human recombinant interleukin-1β (hrIL-1β) and the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin on the course of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection in chickens were studied. Daily ooc...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The magnitude of daily fluctuations does not make it necessary to standardize time of sample collection for routine diagnostic examination of blood iCa2+, Na+, and Cl-concentrations and pH, however, it may be important to standardized time of samples collection in comparative studies in which more discrete differences may be identified.
Abstract: Objective To explore diurnal variation in blood ionized calcium, sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations and pH in pregnant dairy cows. Animals 14 dairy cows in their third or later pregnancy approximately 6 weeks before expected parturition. Procedure Throughout a 24-hour period, blood samples were taken at 2-hour intervals and analyzed for ionized calcium (iCa2+), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and chloride (Cl-) concentrations and pH. Paired t-tests were used to compare initial and final values. Circadian changes were tested by use of repeated-measures ANOVA. Additionally, a nonparametric analysis was performed for each animal to determine minimal and maximal values for the variables. Results Significant differences were not detected between initial and final values of any variable. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated significant diurnal fluctuations in all variables. With the exception of Cl- concentration, nonparametric analysis of individual values also revealed significant changes over time. Conclusions and clinical relevance The magnitude of daily fluctuations does not make it necessary to standardize time of sample collection for routine diagnostic examination of blood iCa2+, Na+, and Cl-concentrations and pH. However, it may be important to standardize time of sample collection in comparative studies in which more discrete differences may be identified.
TL;DR: A permutation test is proposed and its power is evaluated by simulation to answer questions A and B at the individual level and to identify individual response patterns and compare treatments with respect to each numerical characteristic separately.
Abstract: Experimental data often consist of serial measurements on subjects after a treatment. Typical questions concerning such data are: (A) Do subjects really react to treatment or are the fluctuations just random? (B) What are the numerical characteristics of the response? (C) Is the response identical in all groups? Differences between the individuals in the dynamics of the reaction make it difficult to apply standard statistical procedures. This paper proposes to answer questions (A) and (B) at the individual level, then to give an answer to (C) on the basis of this information. This kind of analysis may be useful since it can separate subjects giving response from those that do not and can identify individual response patterns and compare treatments with respect to each numerical characteristic separately. To answer question (A), a permutation test is proposed and its power is evaluated by simulation.
TL;DR: The effect of breed and sex on adult body composition of four pigeon breeds: Texan (TEX), Mondain (MON), Szeged Tumbler (SZT), and homing (HOM) and on the digestibility coefficients (DC) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of their feeds was studied.
TL;DR: The results suggested that brainstem pattern generators remain responsive to dopaminergic stimuli in the absence of the main telencephalic (striatal) targets.
Abstract: Metamphetamine in high dose has been reported to induce stereotypic behavior of abnormal form in the pigeon and domestic chick. A number of reports suggested that the target of metamphetamine was the paleostriatal complex, the highest motor center of the avian brain. The present study tested this hypothesis by treating newly-hatched domestic chicks with high dose of metamphetamine (10 mg/kg b.w.) after complete decerebration or sham operation. Stereotypic mandibulations were observed both in sham-operated and in decerebrated birds in similar form following methamphetamine treatment. The results suggested that brainstem pattern generators remain responsive to dopaminergic stimuli in the absence of the main telencephalic (striatal) targets.
TL;DR: Analysis of the data revealed that OCA proteins are well recognized by serum antibodies during the infection and to a limited extent by sera from chickens infected with C. baileyi-infected chickens, and more specific components in OCA than in TRE or BME.
Abstract: The immunogenic properties of water-soluble and detergent-extracted components of Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts were studied. Oocyst cytosol antigen (OCA) containing hydrophilic proteins was obtained by freeze-thaw cycles in liquid nitrogen. This was followed by Triton X-114 extraction of remaining oocyst fragments to dissolve membrane-bound proteins (TRE). The remainder of the pellet was solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and treated with 2-mercaptoethanol to reduce disulfide-linked oocyst wall proteins (BME). The immune recognition of these three extracts was evaluated during the course of experimental cryptosporidiosis in chickens using ELISA, immunoblotting, and the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST). Four groups of chickens were infected at various times with different doses of C. baileyi and one group with the mammalian parasite C. parvum. Analysis of the data revealed that OCA proteins are well recognized by serum antibodies during the infection and to a limited extent by sera from chickens infected with C. parvum. Humoral responses of chicken groups to this antigen did not correlate well with the length of patency in contrast with its cellular recognition in LST. TRE gave lower values than OCA in both ELISA and LST, though it was still specifically recognized by samples from C. baileyi-infected chickens. Antibodies reacted aspecifically with BME, since only samples of birds which were immunocompetent at the time of their infection were able to recognize this extract as antigen. Immunoblotting revealed more specific components in OCA than in TRE or BME.
TL;DR: The double Mannich condensation of 2-quinolizidone with formaldehyde and methyl amine resulted in the 11-methyl-7,11-diazatricyclo[7.3.0 2,7 ]tridecan-13-one of endo-type selectively.
TL;DR: Findings confirm the diagnosis of goitre but also call attention to the fact that iodine deficiency was not the only factor eliciting the disorder.
Abstract: In a goose flock consisting of 2300 birds of 6 months of age severe goitre was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of naturally occurring goitre in geese, which is not related to the feeding of rapeseed meal. The major pathological findings included retarded growth and plumage development, significantly (300%) increased relative thyroid weight, fat accumulation in the mesenteric and abdominal region, and lipid infiltration of liver and kidney cells. Subsequent hormone analysis showed undetectable thyroxine (T4) levels and a dramatic drop in triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels of the diseased geese. Thyroidal histology displayed the typical signs of struma parenchymatosa. In order to get more information about the possible causes of the goitre, 10 geese from the affected farm were transferred into the laboratories of the Central Veterinary Institute. The geese were allotted into two groups. Group I received iodine supplementation for 55 days, while the other group served as sick control (Group S). Iodine treatment caused a dramatic improvement in the birds' clinical condition except in plumage growth in Group I, while the clinical and main pathological signs of goitre remained unchanged or worsened in the untreated Group S. Contrary to this, the serum levels of thyroid hormones and responsiveness to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) improved not only in Group I but also in Group S. Almost euthyroid biochemical parameters were found after 55 days of iodine treatment in Group I and, surprisingly, a considerable improvement (especially in serum T3 levels) occurred also in Group S. These findings confirm the diagnosis of goitre but also call attention to the fact that iodine deficiency was not the only factor eliciting the disorder. The underlying possible goitrogenic substance could not be traced down.
TL;DR: The current experiment suggests that purine metabolism is involved in ethanol's effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Abstract: This study investigated the in vitro dose effects of ethanol (EtOH), adenosine (ADO), and urate (URA) on the basal and CRF stimulated ACTH production of pituitary tissue culture (PTC). Furthermore, the effects of low (LE = 0.5 gkg bodyweight) and high (HE = 2.5 gkg bodyweight) concentrations of EtOH were tested in rats on plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentration (PCC), with or without the following ADO metabolic pathway inhibitors: 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) (salvage pathway) and purpu- rogallin (PPG) (xanthine dehydrogenase). M) stimulated ACTH secretion in PTC; in fact doses up to 20 mM tended to be inhibitory. ADO significantly increased only basal ACTH secretion whereas URA increased both basal and CRF-stimulated ACTH secretion. Pretreatment with PPG or 6MP + PPG significantly increased both in vivo ACTH and PCC over control values in rats. HE versus LE significantly increased ACTH and PCC in the control (H,O) and 6MP pretreated groups whereas in the PPG pretreated animals, only ACTH was increased significantly by HE. However, combined pretreat- ment with 6MP + PPG prevented the effect of HE on ACTH and PCC. The current experiment suggests that purine metabolism is involved in ethanol's effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. (P.S.E.B.M. 1999, Vol 2201 EtOH at 0-50 mM does not increase the in vitro basal or CRF igh doses of ethanol (EtOH) in vivo have been shown to increase the production of adrenocortico- H trophic hormone (ACTH) and plasma corticoste- rone (PCC) concentrations, whereas lower doses and chronic consumption have more varied effects (1-3). In vitro, the acute effect of ethanol has been reported to increase (4), or leave unaltered spontaneous and CRF- stimulated ACTH release from pituitary cells, whereas pre- treatment with EtOH for 24 hr decreased both the sponta- neous and stimulated ACTH secretion (5). These varied effects of ethanol on ACTH secretion may be due to the