University of Veterinary Science

About: University of Veterinary Science is a education organization based out in Pyinmana, Myanmar. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Feed conversion ratio. The organization has 597 authors who have published 650 publications receiving 14262 citations.

Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs as compared to human diagnostic methods: a review.

Abstract: Spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism is a common and well-recognised endocrine disorder occurring in dogs. The biochemical diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism rests on the documentation of excessive glucocorticoid levels or metabolites in urine or blood. The diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism is historically developed from human methods and based on non-dynamic and dynamic tests and visualisation. In some cases the different ranges of endocrine parameters or metabolites necessitate the modification of human protocols. Elevation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and its heat-resistant isoenzyme (SIAP) induced by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid excess raise the suspicion of hyperadrenocorticism. Cortisol values in morning urine are related to creatinine concentrations to correct for differences in urine concentration. Theoretically, the administration of dexamethasone (DX) at a relatively low dose (0.01 mg/kg of body weight) can inhibit the pituitary secretion of ACTH and, in turn, decrease endogenous cortisol secretion for as long as 24 to 48 h. Therefore, DX administration to dogs with a functioning adrenocortical tumour would not affect the plasma cortisol concentration at any time following its administration. The high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDS) is based on the observation that the function of adrenocortical tumours is independent of pituitary ACTH and they completely suppress ACTH secretion; therefore, regardless of its dose, dexamethasone is never able to suppress cortisol secretion. HDDS can be combined with the measurement of urinary cortisol/creatinine (c/c) ratio from morning urine samples on three consecutive days. In case of non-suppressible urinary c/c ratio one has to speculate on differentiating adrenal tumour (AT) from non-suppressible pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) due to a pituitary tumour arising from the intermediate lobe. Radiocholesterol scintigraphy is a less frequently used technique in the diagnosis of canine Cushing's syndrome (CCS); however, it has the same advantages in the localisation and characterisation of adrenocortical diseases as in humans.

Therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline against experimental Pasteurella multocida infection in broiler chickens.

Abstract: The efficacy of doxycycline was investigated in two sets of experiments. In the first experiment 40, in the second experiment 60, hence altogether 100 five-week-old Ross broilers of both sexes were used. The birds were randomly allocated into groups (A and B in experiment 1; A, B and C in experiment 2) of 20 birds in each. All birds were infected intramuscularly with approx. 2 x 10(3) colony forming units of Pasteurella multocida strain X-73 (serotype A:1). Birds in groups A were non-medicated controls. Chickens in groups B were given doxycycline via the drinking water at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 5 days, while group C was treated with chlortetracycline at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 5 days. The trial lasted for 9 days, then the surviving chickens were sacrificed. Clinical symptoms, number of deaths, post mortem lesions and bacteriological findings were recorded using a special score system. Acute fowl cholera developed in broilers within a few hours after infection, as evidenced by the clinical symptoms, the high mortality rate (90% of the birds died within 4 days after infection), the pathological lesions and the recovery of P. multocida from the challenged birds. Doxycycline reduced the number of deaths (30% and 5% of birds died in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) and the severity of the clinical symptoms, and P. multocida could be re-isolated only from one of the survivors. In contrast, chlortetracycline slightly influenced the mortality; however, it delayed death and reduced the severity of clinical symptoms. These data indicate that doxycycline is highly effective for the treatment of experimental pasteurellosis in chickens.

Spontaneous resolution of splenic torsion in a dog.

Abstract: Argentina. Revista tic Investigac ionc's Gainaide'ras 11, 39-40 CACCHIONE, R., CASTELLI, E., SARAVI, NI. A. & MIARTINEZ, E. (1980() Difusion e importanicia de la Leptospirosis aniimlal y hlLimana ein la Argenitina. Revista tic Mc'diciiti Vc'teriori(l 61, 236-245 CIRONE, S. NI., RIEMAN, H. P., RUPPANNER, D. E., BEHYMIER, & FRANTI, C. E. ( 1978) Evaluationi of heniiagglotiniationi test for epidemiological studies of antibodies in svild imiammals. Joiinrtinl of IVildlifc Disctises 14, 193-202 DIKKEN, H. & KMETTY, E. (1 978) Serological typing imiethods of leptospires. In Methods in Microbiology. Eds 'I'. Bergani, J. R. Norris. London, Academic Press. pp 260-295 FAINE, S. (1982) Guidelines for the conitrol of leptospirosis. Genesa, World Health Organization. p 161 HARTSKEERL, R. & TERPSTRA, WV. (1996) Leptospirosis in wvild ainimals. Vecteritinr)y Qnarterly 18, 14915) HATHANNTAY, S. & BLACKNIORE, 1). (1981) Ecological aspects of the epidemiology of inifection wsith leptospires of the Ballum serogrocip in the black rat (Rnitttns rrattts) and the hrows n rat (Rattis notrvcgicis) in Newr Zealand. Jonritritl ofHygiene 87, 427-436 fIlGA, H. & FUJINAKA, 1. (1976) Pievalence of rodent and mongoose leptospirosis oin the islanid of OahoL. Putblic Hcciltli Reports 91, 171-177 MESINA, J. & CAMPBELL, R. (1975) Wild roideits in the transmission of disease to animals and man. V7ctcritnolry, Bulleiti 45, 87-96 M ICHNA, S. XNV. (1970) Leptospirosis. Veteriitir)y Recorid 86,484-496 NILLS, J. N., CHILS, J. E., KSIAZEK, T. G. & PETERS, C. J. (1995) Methods for Trapping and Sampling Simiall Maimmals for Virologic Jestilng. Atlanlta, (DC. p 61 NIYERS, D. M. (1985) Nlanuial de MWtodos para el diagnostico laboratorio de la leptospirosis: NotaTlIecnica IlUrnber 311. Cenitro Panamericano de Zoonosis. BLienos Aires, OPS-ONS. p 46 PEREIRA, NI. NM. & ANLDRAD)E, 1. (1988) Epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in a slum area in the city of Rio de Janieiro, Brazil. Search for leptospires and specific antibodies in rodenits. I7(ontisactiotis of tlec Royil Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygintc 82, 768-771) ROSSE'I' I, C. A., RONIERRO, C,. N., AUTERI, C. D. & SANIARTINO, L. E. ( 1999) Estcidio serologico de leptospirosis en caninos de partidos del oeste del Gran Buenos Aires. Revista (ife Mdiclini 11eterinirlaii 80, 298-305 SHIMNIZU, NI. M. (1984) Envsiroinmental and biological determinants for the prevalence of leptospirosis amonig isild small mammals hosts, islands of Haswaii. Itnternationial Joirtnitl of Zooiioscs I1, 173-188 SONGER, I. G., CHILELLI, C. J., IEFI), R. E. & 'IRAUTMIAN, R. J. (1983) Leptospirosis in rodents froni anl arid enivirointmienit. Aotiericatn Journal of' Vleteritnary Research 44, 19731976 THIERMANN, A. B. (1977) Incidenice of leptospirosis in the Detroit rat population. Aoierictnt Joirtnal of Tiopic(il Metlicitne aiid Hygiene 26, 970-974 -IA%TIGG, G. I., CUFRDEN, C. NI., HU(HES, D. M. & EDHURSI, 0. (1969) The leptospirosis reservoir in British ssild imiammiiiials. X7eteritunary Record 84,424-426 \\ANASCO, N. B., SEQUEIRA, G., D)ALLA FONTANA, NI. L., FUSCO, S., SEQUEIRA, M. D. & FNRIA, 1). (20110) Descripcion de oin brote de leptospirosis en la ciudad de Sanita Fe, Argentina, NMarzo-Abril de 1998. Paui Anue -ictn Jouii-tiiil of 'PuNic Hciiltlu 7, 35-40

Integrative taxonomy and biogeography of Asian yellow house bats (Vespertilionidae: Scotophilus) in the Indomalayan Region

Abstract: Yellow house bats (Scotophilus) have been known for centuries as a widespread genus of vesper bats in the Indomalayan Region. Despite this, their taxonomic status and phylogeographical patterns remain unclear due to differing criteria employed by early taxonomists and inconsistencies between morphological and molecular assessments. To address these issues, we undertook a comparative phylogeographic analysis of Asian Scotophilus spp. using integrated genetic and morphological analyses of samples collected across the region. These demonstrate that yellow house bats in Asia can be classified into just two widespread species, namely the smaller S. kuhlii (e.g., FA ≤ 53.1 mm, GLS ≤ 20.18 mm) and the larger S. heathii (e.g., FA ≥ 53.4 mm, GLS ≥ 20.85 mm), which occur in sympatry in different parts of the Indomalayan Region. Although these two sympatric species share similar eco‐ethological preferences, they differ considerably in their geographic distributions and intraspecific variation in mtDNA sequences and morphological traits. These disparities were likely misinterpreted as indicating potential cryptic diversity in previous studies, whereas we suggest they are related to interspecific differences in sex‐biased gene flow and phenotypic plasticity to adapt to varying environments. Our study highlights the importance of using multiple datasets to resolve taxonomic uncertainties and reconstruct demographic and phylogeographic histories of sympatric species.

Principles of renal transplantation in the dog: A review

Abstract: The practically relevant body of knowledge available on renal transplantation in the dog is reviewed. A review of the history of renal transplantation is followed by a detailed description of the immunological fundamentals of transplantation, with especial regard to the structures directing rejection, the significance of D-LA-typing and the MLR test serving for their determination, and the possible methods of nonspecific and specific immunosuppression. The most important criteria of recipient and donor selection are presented, together with the main aspects and medicinal protocol of prednisolone-azathioprine and prednisolone-cyclosporin A immunosuppression within the framework of preparation for the surgical intervention. Among the surgical aspects of renal transplantation, first the recommended anaesthetic techniques are outlined, then the three stages of the surgical procedure, i.e. donor nephrectomy, renal perfusion and renal grafting, are described in detail. The last chapter of the article presents the physical, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods of rejection diagnosis, with special regard to their practical importance and different roles played in signalling the rejection.