University of Veterinary Science

About: University of Veterinary Science is a education organization based out in Pyinmana, Myanmar. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Feed conversion ratio. The organization has 597 authors who have published 650 publications receiving 14262 citations.

Microscopic and molecular detection of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria praecox naturally infected in free-range village chickens of Myanmar

Abstract: In Myanmar, village chicken production is an important source of both income and food for rural households. The present study is aimed to conduct microscopic detection and molecular identification of Eimeria species in free-range village chickens in Myanmar. Faecal samples were taken from a total of 122 apparently healthy village chickens from three rural regions in Myanmar. The faecal samples were subjected to flotation method using a saturated sugar solution. Oocysts of Eimeria sp. were isolated by saturated sugar solution onto coverslips and identified to species at 400 × by light microscopy. Molecular identification was conducted for Eimeria oocysts collected from faecal samples using 18S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1). Eimeria oocysts were found in 41 samples (33.6%) by flotation method. Oocysts morphologically identified as E. maxima and E. praecox, were detected in 33 (27.0%) and 15 (12.3%) samples, respectively. Mixed infection of these two species was found in 7 (5.7%). Partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene amplified from morphologically identified oocysts of E. maxima and E. praecox, revealed 99.9% and 100%, identities with the sequences of each species deposited in GenBank, respectively. Species-specific PCR of the ITS-1 region was also confirmed the presence of these two Eimeria species. The results demonstrated the presence of E. maxima and E. praecox in free-range village chickens in Myanmar.

Effect of leucaena forage and silage substitution in concentrates on digestibility, nitrogen utilization and milk yield in dairy cows

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding leucaena forage and silage substitution in concentrate on the performances of dairy cows. Nine cross-bred Holstein Friesian cows (410±12kg) in the 12 th week of lactation were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups with three replicates/treatments in a completely randomized design. The three treatments were control diet without substitution of leucaena forage and silage (DLFS0), diet with substitution of leucaena forage 10% (DLF10) and diet with substitution of leucaena silage 10% (DLS10). Cows were fed treatments for 60 days. Although nutrient intakes were not significantly different (p>0.05) each other, digestibility of DLFS0 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than others. Conversely, nitrogen utilization and average milk yield of cows offered DLFS0 were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of cows fed on DLF10 and DLS10. The highest feed cost (p<0.05) per kg of milk was found in DLFS0 and the lowest cost was observed in DLF10. Therefore, although the leucana forage and silage could be substitute up to 10% of concentrates without adverse effects on the performances of dairy cows, the substitution of leucaena forage gave the better performances than that of leucaena silage.

The role of feed protein quality in reducing environmental pollution by lowering nitrogen excretion. I. Survey of principles in protein evaluation for monogastrics: a review.

Abstract: Environmental pollution by faecal nitrogen excretion motivates a renewed interest in optimising protein utilization of growing-finishing pigs in intensive pig production areas. The importance of digestibility of proteins, availability of amino acids, and the extent of protein retention is emphasized for reducing nitrogen excretion. The principles of various chemical, microbiological, biochemical and biological methods in feed protein quality evaluation offering a better adjustment of protein supply to the requirements of the animal are surveyed.

Development of leucaena mimosine-degrading bacteria in the rumen of sheep in Myanmar

Abstract: Myanmar has an agricultural base, and about 70% of people reside in rural areas. They depend for survival on agriculture and small-scale crop production, with ruminant livestock consuming fibrous agricultural residues. For optimal ruminant production, concentrates are needed as supplements to these residues. As concentrates are expensive, researchers are testing alternative protein sources like legumes, including foliage from leguminous trees such as leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala). Leucaena is the most widely used leguminous tree as a ruminant feed because it is rich in protein (~ 22%) and contains easily digestible fiber (23% neutral detergent fiber, 16.6% acid detergent fiber; Ni Ni Maw 2004). Khin Htay Myint (2005) noted that 25% of leucaena in the ration tended to increase nitrogen retention without decreasing dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. However, leucaena leaves contain a toxic non-protein amino acid, called mimosine. Research workers have endeavored to reduce mimosine toxicity in animals fed leucaena in Myanmar (Aung Aung 2007; Wink Phyo Thu 2010) and one avenue of research was the development of mimosine-degrading bacteria in the rumen of sheep fed leucaena. In this paper we describe an experiment tracing the development of mimosine-degrading bacteria in the rumen of sheep.