University of Veterinary Science

About: University of Veterinary Science is a education organization based out in Pyinmana, Myanmar. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Receptor. The organization has 597 authors who have published 650 publications receiving 14262 citations.

Effect of T‐2 Toxin on Adrenocortical Function and Immune Response in Growing Pigs

Abstract: Summary Six Hungarian Large White × Duroc F1 gilts, weaned at 28 days of age, were fed T-2 toxin at 5 ppm. dietary level for 25 days, after a 7-day preliminary period. Six gilts of the same breed and age served as untreated controls. T-2 treatment accounted for 49—77% feed refusal and so for a considerable decrease in weight gain. The T-2 treated pigs showed a relative decrease in the total leucocyte count, but did not develop leukopenia during the 3 weeks of treatment. Treatment with T-2 also gave rise to a significant increase in adrenocortical activity. In vitro testing for blast transformation, immune-rosette-formation, and IF-detectable IgG-positive cell counts showed that T-2 caused a 40—50% suppression of immune responsiveness. Toxin-neutralizing titres to necrotic enteritis B vaccine were significantly lower in the sera of the experimental than the control pigs. It follows that, under the conditions of the experiment, T-2 had a distinct immunosuppressive action on growing pigs during the early phase of immune induction, by disturbing the function of both T- and B-lymphocytes. Zusammenfassung Einflus des Fusarium-Toxins T-2 auf die Nebennierenrindenfunktion und Immunreaktivitat der Jungschweine Sechs im Alter von 28 Tagen abgesetzte weibliche Jungschweine der Ungarisches Landschwein × Duroc-F-1-Generation wurden nach einer 7tagigen Vorperiode 25 Tage lang mit 5 ppm T-2 Toxin uber das Futter behandelt. Weitere sechs weibliche Tiere des gleichen Alters und der gleichen Rasse dienten als nichtbehandelte Kontrolle. Die Behandlung mit T-2 bewirkte Zuruckweisung von 49 bis 77% des Futters, und dadurch eine betrachtliche Verminderung der Gewichtszunahme. Bei den mit dem Toxin behandelten Tieren nahm die Gesamtzahl der Leukozyten im Vergleich zur Kontrolle ab, aber eine Leukopenie wurde wahrend der Behandlungszeit nicht entwickelt. Die Toxinbehandlung regte des weiteren eine statistisch gesicherte Erhohung der Nebennierenrinden-Aktivitat an. In vitro-Untersuchungen der Blast-Transformation, Immunrosettenbildung sowie der mittels IF nachweisbaren IgG-positiven Zellzahlen liesen eine 40-bis 50%ige Suppression der Immunreaktivitat durch das Toxin T-2 erkennen. Die mit T-2 behandelten Tiere zeigten im Vergleich zur Kontrolle tatsachlich eine statistisch gesicherte Erniedrigung der toxinneutralisierenden Titerwertes nach Immunisierung mit einer (B) Vakzine gegen nekrotische Enteritis. Daraus kann gefolgert werden, das unter den gegebenen Versuchsbedingungen das Toxin T2 eine stark immunsuppressive Wirkung auf die Jungschweine entfaltete, durch Storung der Funktion sowohl der T- als auch der B-Lymphozyten im Fruhstadium der Immuninduktion. Resume Influence de la toxine T-2 de Fusarium sur la fonction du cortex des glandes surrenales et la reaction immunitaire chez des jeunes porcs Six porcelets femelles sevres de 28 jours de la generation F-1 porc blanc hongrois × Duroc ont recu 5 ppm T-2 de toxine dans l'aliment durant 25 jours apres pre-periode de 7 jours. Six autres animaux femelles identiques ont servi de temoins. Le traitement avec T-2 a provoque un refus de 49 a 77% de l'aliment et une diminution marquee de l'augmentation du poids. Le nombre total des leucocytes a diminue chez des animaux traites a la toxine par rapport aux controles, mais une leucopenie ne s'est pas developpee durant le temps du traitement. Le traitement a la toxine provoqua une augmentation statistiquement demontree de l'activite du cortex des glandes surrenales. Des recherches in vitro de la transformation blastique, de la formation des immunrosettes et les nombres de cellules IgG positives mises en evidence par IF ont permis de reconnaitre une suppression de 40 a 50% de l'activite immunologique due a la toxine T-2. Les animaux traites au T-2 ont presente par rapport aux controles, un abaissement statistiquement prouve de la valeur du titre neutralisant la toxine apres une immunisation avec un vaccin B anti-enterite necrosante. La toxine T-2 a provoque dans les conditions decrites une forte action immunsuppressive sur les porcelets en derangeant la fonction aussi bien des lymphocytes T que B au stade precoce de l'induction immunologique. Resumen El influjo de la toxina de Fusarium T-2 sobre la funcion de la corteza anterrenal y la reactividad inmunologica de los lechones destetados Seis lechones hembras, destetados a la edad de 28 dias, de la generacion F-1 del cruce cerdo rural hungaro × Durox, fueron tratados tras un periodo previo de 7 dias durante 25 dias con 5 ppm de toxina T-2 a traves del pienso. Otras seis hembras de la misma edad y de la misma mezcla racial sirvieron como testigos no tratados. El tratamiento con T-2 provoco el rechazo del 49 hasta 77% del pienso, y con ello una disminucion considerable del aumento de peso. En los animales tratados con la toxina disminuyo la cifra total de leucocitos en comparacion con los testigos, pero durante el tiempo que duro la experiencia no se desarrollo ninguna leucopenia. El tratamiento a base de la toxina estimulo ademas el aumento de la actividad de la corteza anterrenal, el cual fue asegurado estadisticamente. Los estudios in vitro sobre la transformacion del blastemo, formacion de rosetas inmunologicas asi como las cifras celulares IgG-positivas, identificables mediante IF, permitieron reconocer una supresion del 40 hasta 50% de la reactividad inmunologica por la toxina T-2. De hecho, los animales tratados con T-2 mostraban en comparacion con los testigos una reduccion asegurada estadisticamente del titulo de neutralizacion de la toxina tras la inmunizacion con una vacuna (B) contra la enteritis necrotizante. De aqui se puede sacar la conclusion que bajo las condiciones de experiencia dadas desarrollaba la toxina T-2 una actividad inmunosupresiva enorme sobre los cerdos jovenes, perturbando la funcion tanto de los linfocitos T como la de los B en el estadio precoz de la inmunoinduccion.

Effect of altrenogest-treatment of mares in late gestation on adrenocortical function, blood count and plasma electrolytes in their foals

Abstract: Summary Reasons for performing study: Mares with compromised pregnancies are often treated with altrenogest to prevent abortion. However, there is only limited information about effects on the foal when altrenogest treatment is continued during final maturation of the fetus. Objectives: To determine effects of altrenogest treatment during late gestation in mares on maturity, haematology changes, adrenocortical function and serum electrolytes in their newborn foals. Methods: Six mares were treated with altrenogest (0.088 mg/kg bwt) once daily from Day 280 of pregnancy until foaling and 7 mares served as controls. Results: Foals born to altrenogest-treated mares had a significantly lower neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio on the first day after birth than control foals (P<0.05). Basal plasma cortisol concentrations immediately after birth were higher in foals of altrenogest-treated mares than in control foals (P<0.05). Cortisol release in response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - except for higher values 15 min after ACTH injection in foals of altrenogest-treated mares on Day 1 - revealed no differences in adrenocortical function between the groups of foals. Plasma potassium concentration in foals from altrenogest-treated mares compared to control foals was significantly lower immediately after birth (P<0.05) and plasma ionised calcium concentration was significantly lower 3 h after birth (P = 0.01). Conclusions and potential relevance: Altrenogest treatment of pregnant mares prolonged labour had no major effects on adrenocortical function in foals. A reduced neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio in these foals may suggest either immunomodulatory effects of altrenogest or dysmaturity of the foals.

Use of odour-baited sticky boards to trap tabanid flies and investigate repellents

Abstract: Tabanid flies were captured in a sheep pasture in Hungary using black plastic boards (30 × 30 cm), coated with an adhesive sheet, which were either unbaited or baited with ethane-ethiol or Swormlure-4. Five species of tabanid were caught, of which Tabanus tergestinus was caught in the greatest number (87% of 192). The sex ratio of T. tergestinus on unbaited boards was not statistically significantly different to equality. However, on baited boards, males were significantly more numerous, probably due to a repellent effect of the odours on female tabanids. Because of the importance of repellents in tabanid control, this result encourages the exploration of a wider range of compounds as tabanid repellents than are used at present. Sticky boards offer a simple technique for trapping both sexes of tabanids, especially males, which are poorly represented in many tabanid traps.