Showing papers by "University of Victoria published in 1970"
TL;DR: In this article, a new model is developed and its performance compared with a model proposed by Rao and Kupper, and the likelihood ratio test of the hypothesis of equal preferences is shown to have the same asymptotic efficiency as that for the Rao-Kupper model.
Abstract: This study is concerned with the extension of the Bradley-Terry model for paired comparisons to situations which allow an expression of no preference. A new model is developed and its performance compared with a model proposed by Rao and Kupper. The maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters are found using an iterative procedure which, under a weak assumption, converges monotonically to the solution of the likelihood equations. It is noted that for a balanced paired comparison experiment the ranking obtained from the maximum likelihood estimates agrees with that obtained from a scoring system which allots two points for a win, one for a tie and zero for a loss. The likelihood ratio test of the hypothesis of equal preferences is shown to have the same asymptotic efficiency as that for the Rao-Kupper model. Two examples are presented, one of which introduces a set of data for an unbalanced paired comparison experiment. Initial applications of the test of goodness of fit suggest that the propos...
235 citations
TL;DR: Overall performance level showed a monotonic decrease with increasing length of the interstimulus interval, confirming previous findings of a left ear superiority for musical stimuli.
104 citations
81 citations
TL;DR: The identity of a natural product, previously isolated from Arbutus menziesii but incompletely characterized, has been established as betulinic acid as mentioned in this paper, which is a product of Betulinica.
28 citations
TL;DR: This paper describes an algorithm for computing best l\, k and /(D approximations to discrete data, by functions of several parameters which depend nonlinearly on just one of these parameters.
Abstract: This paper describes an algorithm for computing best l\, k and /(D approximations to discrete data, by functions of several parameters which depend nonlinearly on just one of these parameters. Such functions (e.g. «i + a2ef , a\ + a2 sin ex, (ai + a2x)l(l + ex)) often occur in practice, and a numerical study confirms that it is feasible to compute best approximations in any of the above norms when using these functions. Some remarks on the theory of best h approximations by these functions are included.
22 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to previous attempts, both quantitative systems for the detection of induced gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells allow the demonstration of induced as opposed to spontaneous mutation.
Abstract: THE development of quantitative systems for the detection of induced gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells is likely to facilitate work on hazards from environmental mutagens and on the mechanisms involved in mutagenesis. A reverse mutation system from proline auxotrophy in Chinese hamster cells has been briefly described1, as well as a possibly similar reversion from glutamine auxotrophy and a mutation to resistance to 8-azaguanine2. In contrast to previous attempts, both these systems allow the demonstration of induced as opposed to spontaneous mutation.
22 citations
20 citations
TL;DR: The diverticular endopeptidase which is detected as a fast-moving band in gelatin-overlay zymograms is an intracellular chymotrypsin with a pH optimum of 7·5.
20 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the current to a large negatively biased spherical probe in a flowing plasma (a propane/air flame) has been measured over wide ranges of plasma ionisation density (3 × 1015 to 1018 m?3), probe bias (10?400V) and probe/plasma relative velocity (3?40m/s).
Abstract: The current to a large (radius = 2.4 mm) negatively biased spherical probe in a flowing plasma (a propane/air flame) has been measured over wide ranges of plasma-ionisation density (3 × 1015 to 1018 m?3), probe bias (10?400V) and probe/plasma relative velocity (3?40m/s). Under these conditions, the sheath surrounding the probe is thin and the probe current is a function of the probe/plasma velocity. In consequence, the static continuum probe theory of Su and Lam, and the motionally dependent thick-sheath theory of Clemenets and Smy are both found to be in error by at least an order of magnitude. A thin relationship has been derived for the spherical probe which shows excellent agreement with the experimental data: I=12.13(??0)1/4(neevf)3/4V1/2rp5/4 where I = probe current, ? = ionic mobility, ?0 = permittivity of free space, ne = ionisation density, e = electron charge, vf = flow velocity, V = probe bias and rp = probe radius (all in MKS units)
20 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the omnibus hypothesis is used to test the null hypothesis of a randomized groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) or its nonparametric counterpart, the Kruskal-Wallis H test.
Abstract: VERY often a researcher employs a multiple group (G) design in which n observations are in each of k independent groups or samples. A randomized groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) or its nonparametric counterpart, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, is typically employed to test the null hypothesis: Gl = G2 = ... = Gk. Similarly, in the randomized blocks or matched groups design, ANOVA or the Friedman x2 test might be employed. In all four of these cases the alternative hypothesis is the omnibus: Gi 0:/= Gj for some i =A j. However, there are also specific alternatives which might be tested, for example, partially ordered hypotheses (Gi = G2 < ...
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the trajectories of a charged particle have been calculated in a helical magnetic quadrupole channel in which the four pole tips are concentric helices performing one rotation in an axial distance λ (no drift lengths).
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the measured electron temperature and the floating voltage of the probes can be strongly affected by variation of the probe temperature and that these effects arise from cooling of the plasma electrons by collisions with cold molecules in the hydrodynamic boundary layer surrounding the probe.
Abstract: : Measurements with cooled double probes in a propane-air flame show that the measured electron temperature and the floating voltage of the probes can be strongly affected by variation of the probe temperature. Simple theoretical considerations indicate that these effects arise from cooling of the plasma electrons by collisions with cold molecules in the hydrodynamic boundary layer surrounding the probe. (Author)
TL;DR: In this article, sufficient conditions for bang-bang and singular optimal control are established in the case of linear operator equations with cost functions which are the sum of linear and quadratic terms, that is,Ax=u,J(u)=(r,x)+β(x,x), β>0.
Abstract: Sufficient conditions for bang-bang and singular optimal control are established in the case of linear operator equations with cost functionals which are the sum of linear and quadratic terms, that is,Ax=u,J(u)=(r,x)+β(x,x), β>0. For example, ifA is a bounded operator with a bounded inverse from a Hilbert spaceH into itself and the control setU is the unit ball inH, then an optimal control is bang-bang (has norm l) if 0⩽β 1/2∥A−1*r∥·∥A∥2.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the problem of determining the sequence {A, √ √ + √ n} such that + n is a polynomial in the series of Jacobi polynomials.
TL;DR: It is postulated that the retina has properties similar to an anisotropic absorbing crystal and the interference effects of convergent polarized light in this model may account for Haidinger’s brushes.
Abstract: Explanations of Haidinger’s brushes based on a postulated array of linear dichroic pigment and bi-refringent effects in the refracting media of the eye are not completely satisfactory. As an alternative explanation, it is postulated that the retina has properties similar to an anisotropic absorbing crystal. The interference effects of convergent polarized light in this model may account for Haidinger’s brushes.
TL;DR: In this article, the image theory which approximately represents a quasistatic field over a homogeneous conducting half space is extended to the case of a 2-layer conductor by introducing a new complex depth for the location of the image.
Abstract: The image theory which approximately represents a quasistatic field over a homogeneous conducting half space is extended to the case of a 2-layer conductor by introducing a new complex depth for the location of the image. The theory is illustrated by considering a vertical magnetic dipole over a 2-layer conductor.
TL;DR: It is suggested that temperature and tidal rhythms do not influence the periodicity ofnuclear division: light intensity may be a major factor in the control of nuclear division in vegetative cells of Porphyra lanceolata.
TL;DR: Waterfront land in the six Australian state capitals, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, and Hobart, is a valuable urban resource subject to competing uses as discussed by the authors, and the use of waterfront land resources should be planned on a metropolitan scale.
Abstract: Waterfront land in the six Australian state capitals, Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, and Hobart, is a valuable urban resource subject to competing uses. Sydney, Brisbane, and Hobart are on broad estuaries that provide ample waterfront space; in contrast, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth are several miles upstream on small rivers and are served by narrow, riverine harbors complemented by more exposed outer harbors developed later. Waterfront land use is dominated by the park and recreational category, especially in Melbourne, Adelaide, and Perth. Waterfront land use priorities in these cities were emphasized by the shortage of available space, owing to the confined nature of the harbors and the extensiveness of park use. Shipping terminals appeared to hold the highest priority for space, and residences the lowest. The use of waterfront land resources should be planned on a metropolitan scale and residential use should be minimized, whereas public park use should be maximized.
TL;DR: In an attempt to unify a number of generating functions for certain classes of generalized hypergeometric polynomials, Lagrange's expansion formula is applied to prove a generating relation for an n-dimensional polynomial with arbitrary coefficients.
Abstract: In an attempt to unify a number of generating functions for certain classes of generalized hypergeometric polynomials, Lagrange's expansion formula is applied to prove a generating relation for an n-dimensional polynomial with arbitrary coefficients. It is also shown how these coefficients can be specialized to obtain the generalized Lauricella function as a generating function for a class of generalized hypergeometric polynomials of several complex variables.
TL;DR: In this article, the usual first-order matrix treatment for charged particle trajectories through beam transport system elements is applied to the case where the element axis is displaced from the system axis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the equations of motion for a charged particle in a two-dimensional magnetic quadrupole field with quadrupoles or higher multipolarity error field w present have been solved numerically.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that if A is an n × n complex matrix and A T is its transpose, then there is an invertible n x n complex matrices S such that A T = S -1 AS.
Abstract: It is well known that if A is an n × n complex matrix and A T is its transpose, then there is an invertible n x n complex matrix S such that A T = S -1 AS. In this note we wish to point out another simple relation between A and A T . If A is an n × n complex matrix and A T is its transpose then there are unitary n × n complex matrices U and V such that A T = UAV.
TL;DR: The data do not support the generalized idea that increasing information about and acquaintance with minority groups liberalizes attitudes, and it appears that liberalization of attitudes may occur at an intellectual level but not necessarily at a close personal-social level.
Abstract: Changes in the attitudes toward Indian people of teachers working in an educational setting at a close personal-social distance with Indian children, teenagers, and parents, disadvantaged with respect to social class and ethnic group membership, are measured. The data do not support the generalized idea that increasing information about and acquaintance with minority groups liberalizes attitudes. It appears that liberalization of attitudes may occur at an intellectual level but not necessarily at a close personal-social level.
TL;DR: In this article, trajectories for charged particles in static magnetic fields are derived and approximate solutions expressed in terms of Green's function integrals may be obtained for the case in which the field contains a symmetry midplane.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the beam envelope calculation using the ray trace of certain specified initial rays is presented, where the ray traces of the initial rays are used as input.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the performance of c.w. and pulsed lasers at sub-millimetric wavelengths with a mixture of 60% methane and 40% nitrogen.
Abstract: Progress is outlined in the design of c.w. and pulsed lasers, using methyl cyanide, dimethylamine and a mixture of methane and nitrogen, for use at wavelengths in the 337 μm region. Output stability is stated to be a function of cathode material, gas type and pressure and discharge current for any given laser design. Brass appears to be the best cathode material. With input power at 1 kW, outputs of 7 mW (c.w. laser) and 1 W (pulsed laser) were obtained, the gas used making no significant difference to these figures. An optimum working pressure of 0.55 torr was established using a mixture of 60% methane and 40% nitrogen. Tube life with all three gases is typically 100 hours. Initial investigations into transmission properties of various materials at sub-millimetric wavelengths show that p.t.f.e. and t.p.x. (polyolefin thermoplastic) make the best lenses and windows, and that black polythene makes the best attenuator. Investigations into atmospheric absorption at this wavelength indicate that, dependent on temperature and relative humidity, attenuations of between 36 dB/km and 204 dB/km can be expected.