Showing papers by "University of Victoria published in 1977"
TL;DR: The domatic number of a graph is defined and studied and it is seen that the theory of domination resembles the well known theory of colorings of graphs.
Abstract: This paper presents a quick review of results and applications concerning dominating sets in graphs. The domatic number of a graph is defined and studied. It is seen that the theory of domination resembles the well known theory of colorings of graphs.
542 citations
TL;DR: Andison et al. as mentioned in this paper found that watching television violence leads to an increased level of aggression in the viewers of that violence and suggested that the collective findings of previous studies indicate that such a relationship does exist.
Abstract: Can watching television violence lead to an increased level of aggression in the viewers of that violence? Using the data cumulation method, the author suggests that the collective findings of previous studies indicate that such a relationship does exist. Further, it is argued that the cumulation linking these two variables should be used as a justification for reducing the amount of violence shown on television. F. Scott Andison is a graduate student and Academic Assistant in the Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, B.C., Canada. The author wishes to acknowledge the aid of Dr. R. A. Hedley and Dr. S. D. Webb of the University of Victoria for their assistance in the preparation of this article. POQ 41 (1977) 314-331 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.132 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 05:52:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TV VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION 315 search was influenced by prior work done on the effect of the cinema on social behavior in the 1930s and 1940s (e.g., Charters, 1933; Dysinger and Duckmick, 1933; Peterson and Thurstone, 1933; Klapper, 1949). Many variables and a multitude of operationalizations have been used in researching the relationship. For example, does class (Wotring and Greenberg, 1973), age (Thomas, 1972), cultural background (Broncato, 1974), or intelligence (Walters and Willows, 1968) affect the level of aggression achieved after viewing television violence; or does the nature of the violence shown, either real or fantasy (Feshback, 1955), against persons or objects (Hanratty et al., 1969) affect the strength and direction of the relationship? Furthermore, how do we measure the effect? We can record the strength and/or duration of shocks given by subjects to confederates before and after violence is viewed (Walters et al., 1962), or we can assess the effect through a questionnaire (Himmelweit et al., 1958), or we can observe overt physical aggression increases or decreases after violence is watched (Bandura et al., 1963), to mention but three in a host of mreasurement techniques. Over the last 20 years many studies have been conducted using each of the three main research methodologies-the laboratory experiment, the field experiment, and the field survey (Arnold, 1969). The literature contains a mass of individual and collective studies which attempt to ascertain the strength and direction of the relationship between viewing television violence and subsequent levels of aggression manifested by the audience of that violence. We found that in the literature, there were three schools of thought about the relationship between watching TV violence and subsequent viewer aggression. The first maintains that watching violence will have a cathartic effect on the aggressive levels of the individuals who watch it. A spokesperson for the television industry nicely sums up this attitude: "Human culture is a thin shield superimposed over a violent core. It's better to crack it fictionally than to see it explode in the streets. Exposure to properly presented violence acts as a therapeutic release for anger and self-hatred which are present in almost everybody" (Baldwin and Lewis,
132 citations
TL;DR: A dichotic listening task involving violin melodies was given to 32 musicians and 32 nonmusician, demonstrating that musicians mainly use the left hemishpher to process musical stimuli, while nonmusicians use the right.
123 citations
TL;DR: The waveform of action potentials recorded concurrently with swimming events shows evidence of electrotonic coupling between central neurons in Polyorchis, which are also directly photosensitive and receive excitatory synaptic input from other conduction systems.
Abstract: Central neurons in Polyorchis (Hydromedusae) were impaled with microelectrodes, and conventional resting potentials were obtained. The waveform of action potentials recorded concurrently with swimming events shows evidence of electrotonic coupling between these neurons, which are also directly photosensitive and receive excitatory synaptic input from other conduction systems.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, seven alternative strategies are presented for assessing organizational effectiveness in different situations: rational goal, systems resource, managerial process, organizational development, bargaining, structural functional, and functional, each has advantages in the evaluation of specific organizational problems.
Abstract: Seven alternative strategies are presented for assessing organizational effectiveness in different situations: rational goal, systems resource, managerial process, organizational development, bargaining, structural functional, and functional. Each has advantages in the evaluation of specific organizational problems.
88 citations
TL;DR: Administered the MMPI and elements of a neuropsychological assessment battery to 40 violent and 40 nonviolent adolescent males, consistent with the hypothesis that organic impairment contributes to the impulse dyscontrol and associated violent behavior seen in some delinquent adolescents.
Abstract: Administered the MMPI and elements of a neuropsychological assessment battery to 40 violent and 40 nonviolent adolescent males (M = 14.6 years). Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between groups on neuropsychological tests, but not on the MMPI. Discriminant function analysis indicated that the neuropsychological assessment had greater power to predict group membership of violent and nonviolent Ss than did the MMPI. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that organic impairment contributes to the impulse dyscontrol and associated violent behavior seen in some delinquent adolescents.
69 citations
TL;DR: Both angelicin and psoralen monoadducts formed in vivo in E. coli by near UV light produce lethal and mutagenic effects, however psoralin monoadedducts are converted to cross links by higher doses of UV; angelic in monoad ducts are not.
Abstract: Both angelicin and psoralen monoadducts formed in vivo in E. coli by near UV light produce lethal and mutagenic effects. However psoralen monoadducts are converted to cross links by higher doses of UV; angelicin monoadducts are not. The relevance of these results to psoralen photosensitization is discussed.
60 citations
TL;DR: The fertilization influx in Urechis eggs is the most rapid response to fertilization yet known in these eggs, and may be a prerequisite for cytoplasmic activation and development, inducing other secondary responses which are prevented by low external pH.
52 citations
TL;DR: Cytochalasin B inhibits the penetration of sperm nuclei into Urechis eggs without inhibiting sperm-induced egg activation and plasma membranes of the acrosomal tubule and egg become closely apposed.
49 citations
TL;DR: The fact that four of the five children showed marked gains in their ability to communicate over a 5-week period raises some theoretical and methodological issues pertinent to the treatment of autistic and autistic-like children and to the general understanding of the processes involved in nonverbal communication.
48 citations
TL;DR: An improved assay for the enzyme phosphatidylinositol kinase is described and possible roles of polyphosphoinositides in energy charge maintenance and inversion and resealing are discussed.
TL;DR: Electron-microscope studies indicate that the aleurone tissue of maize (Zea mays L.) starts developing approximately 10–15 days after pollination in stocks that take ca.
Abstract: Electron-microscope studies indicate that the aleurone tissue of maize (Zea mays L.) starts developing approximately 10–15 days after pollination in stocks that take ca. 40 days for the aleurone to mature completely. Development commences when specialized endosperm cells adjacent to the maternal nucellar layer start to differentiate. Differentiation is characterized by the formation of aleurone protein bodies and spherosomes. The protein bodies of the aleurone layer have a vacuolar origin whereas the protein bodies of the immediate underlying endosperm cells appear to develop from protrusions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, two morphologically and developmentally distinct types of protein bodies are present in these adjacent tissues. The spherosomes of the aleurone layer form early in the development of this tissue and increase in number as the tissue matures. During the final stages of maturation, these spherosomes become closely apposed to the aleurone grains and the plasma membrane. No further changes are apparent in the structure of the aleurone cells after 40 days from pollination when the caryopsis begins to desiccate.
TL;DR: In this paper, a photogrammetrical technique has been used to study the interaction of two identical explosively produced spherical shock waves and to compare this interaction with the reflexion of one of the spherical shocks from the ground.
Abstract: A photogrammetrical technique has been used to study the interaction of two identical explosively produced spherical shock waves and to compare this interaction with the reflexion of one of the spherical shocks from the ground. It is postulated that there was no energy loss in the interaction of the two shock waves and that the interaction therefore simulated the reflexion of a spherical shock from an ideal non-energyabsorbing surface. The ‘ideal’ reflexions were compared with real reflexions from two types of ground surface: one smooth and the other rough. Experiments were carried out with the centres of the spherical shocks at two separations so that observations could be made of the interaction of shocks of different strength. Significant differences were shown to exist in both the strengths of the Mach shocks and in the triple-point trajectories over the different surfaces. The results are intended to aid in the evaluation of computer codes being developed to simulate spherical-shock reflexions from real surfaces.
TL;DR: It is noteworthy that extensive chromosomal damage is induced in mammalian cells by the combination of psoralen and near-UV, a treatment which is currently widely used in the therapy of psoriasis.
Abstract: The clastogenic effect of furocoumarins psoralen and angelicin in the presence of near-UV (320–380 nm) differs greatly, as do their modes of interaction with DNA. Psoralen, which requires only one-fifth as much light energy to produce the same lethal effect as angelicin at equimolar concentrations, is able to cross-link DNA whereas angelicin cannot. The frequency of micronuclei which arise from chromosomal fragments shows the same differential effect as lethality. Indeed aberrations account for much or all of the lethality observed. Metaphase analysis at comparable aberration frequencies revealed that angelicin and psoralen both induce chromatid deletions and a wide spectrum of chromatid exchanges. These data show that both cross-links and monoadducts to the DNA can result in chromosomal aberrations. The relative contributions of cross-links and monoadducts to chromosomal aberrations still remain to be determined. It it noteworthy that extensive chromosomal damage is induced in mammalian cells by the combination of psoralen and near-UV, a treatment which is currently widely used in the therapy of psoriasis.
TL;DR: Using two large NaI detectors, a limit on the branching ratio for the linear decay of the NaI decay has been found to be R/sub..mu..e..gamma../ = GAMMA (..mu../sup +/..-->.. e/sup+/..Gamma..)/GAMMA (.mu../SUP +/,-->..e/sup + /..nu../sub e/..nu..//sub ) = 3.6 x 10/sup -9/ at 90% confidence level.
Abstract: Using two large NaI detectors, a limit on the branching ratio for the ..mu../sup +/ ..-->.. e/sup +/..gamma.. decay has been found to be R/sub ..mu..e..gamma../ = GAMMA (..mu../sup +/ ..-->.. e/sup +/..gamma..)/GAMMA (..mu../sup +/ ..-->.. e/sup +/..nu../sub e/..nu..//sub ..mu../) < 3.6 x 10/sup -9/ at 90% confidence level.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors computed curves of chemical equivalence between SO2 in air and in water, over the range of temperatures and SO2 concentrations in air that bracket those for injury to plants; tabulates relationships among the ionic and molecular species that occur and finds excellent agreement with the fragmentary experimental data that exist.
TL;DR: Using a characterization due to Quirk and Ruppert, and to Jeffries, an efficient algorithm is developed for testing the sign stability of A, and when A is properly presented that is reduced to 0(max{n, number of nonzero entries ofA}).
Abstract: Ann×n real matrixA=(a ij ) isstable if each eigenvalue has negative real part, andsign stable (orqualitatively stable) if each matrix B with the same sign-pattern asA is stable, regardless of the magnitudes ofB's entries. Sign stability is of special interest whenA is associated with certain models from ecology or economics in which the actual magnitudes of thea ij may be very difficult to determine. Using a characterization due to Quirk and Ruppert, and to Jeffries, an efficient algorithm is developed for testing the sign stability ofA. Its time-and-space-complexity are both 0(n 2), and whenA is properly presented that is reduced to 0(max{n, number of nonzero entries ofA}). Part of the algorithm involves maximum matchings, and that subject is treated for its own sake in two final sections.
TL;DR: No glycerol could be detected in extracts of the foot and the visceral mass of A. digitalis during winter, confirming similar results in studies carried out on other intertidal molluscs.
TL;DR: 6 stutterers' fluent speech rates were calculated by excluding the time occupied by stutters and pauses, and the fluency-enhancing effect of metronome pacing was independent of speech rate.
Abstract: Methodological inadequacies cast doubt on previous investigations of the hypothesis that metronome-paced speech reduces stuttering by slowing the rate of speech. In the present study, 6 stutterers' fluent speech rates were calculated by excluding the time occupied by stutters and pauses. The fluency-enhancing effect of metronome pacing was independent of speech rate.
TL;DR: In this article, the relative reactivities of picoyl and quinolyl-trimethylsilanes (RSiMe3) have been measured in aqueous methanolic sodium methoxide at 50°C, where R = PyCH2 or QnCH2SiMe3.
01 Jun 1977
TL;DR: The relationship between precipitable water vapor and three different surface humidity parameters, dew point temperature, mixing ratio and vapor pressure, were examined in New Zealand, an area which has good vertical mixing of the atmosphere throughout the year as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The relationships between precipitable water vapor and three different surface humidity parameters, dew point temperature, mixing ratio and vapor pressure, were examined in New Zealand, an area which has good vertical mixing of the atmosphere throughout the year. A small difference was found in the correlation coefficients for the three independent variables. A test for the significance of differences in correlation coefficients revealed that many of the differences were significant at the .05 level. Differences in correlation coefficients between seasons were not significant, a result of the frequency of frontal systems throughout the year. There were no significant differences between correlation coefficients for the nocturnal and mid-day soundings indicating that thermal convection plays a secondary role as a vertical mixing process in New Zealand.
TL;DR: In this article, quantified aspects of Middle Palaeolithic variability have not been studied systematically so far, and they offer new perspectives, however, on the interpretation of middle palaeolithic inter-assemblage variability by suggesting the possible importance of non-cultural causes for some of this variability.
Abstract: OBSERVATIONS are presented here on quantified aspects of Middle Palaeolithic variability which have not been studied systematically so far. The findings relate to differing degrees of secondary modification of lithic artefacts between assemblages. The variations correspond with distinct toolmaking entities defined for early Wurm horizons in western Europe. They offer new perspectives, however, on the interpretation of Middle Palaeolithic inter-assemblage variability by suggesting the possible importance of non-cultural causes for some of this variability.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Wiener-Hopf technique to obtain an exact analytical solution for the problem of H-polarization induction over the edge of a perfectly conducting thin sheet, representing an ocean, electrically connected to the perfectly conducting mantle through a slab of finite conductivity and thickness, which represents the Earths crust.
Abstract: Summary. The Wiener—Hopf technique is used to obtain an exact analytical solution for the problem of H-polarization induction over the edge of a perfectly conducting thin sheet, representing an ocean, electrically connected to a perfectly conducting mantle through a slab of finite conductivity and thickness, which represents the Earths crust. It is shown that the induced currents resulting from this type of induction process are drawn up into the sea from the cust and mantle with the greatest concentration of current near the ocean edge. The surface impedance over the land surface, is calculated for various mantle depths and is shown to increase sharply as the coastline is approached. The magnetic field along the ocean floor is also plotted as a function of distance from the coastline, and the results are found to agree very well with those calculated previously by approximate and numerical methods.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: Cardiomya planetica is a septibranch which captures live Zooplankton with its inhalant siphon and the proteolytic activity of the gastric fluid is of an order of magnitude higher than that of Saxidomus giganteus, a typical herbivorous suspension-feeder.
TL;DR: In this paper, thermal drilling and deep ice-temperature measurements along a flow line in a surge area of the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, NWT, Canada revealed a layer of basal temperate ice 30 m thick.
Abstract: Thermal drilling and deep ice-temperature measurements along a flow line in a surge area of the Barnes Ice Cap, Baffin Island, NWT, Canada revealed a layer of basal temperate ice 30 m thick Marginal areas were determined to be frozen to bedrock and geothermal heat flow estimated to be 102 μcal/cm2s (42 mW/m2)
TL;DR: In this article, a new general route to platinum-carbon bonds was proposed, which involves reaction of cis-[PtCl2(PEt3)2] with Ag2O and acidic CH bonds to precipitate AgC1 and generate a PtC bond.
TL;DR: Several predator–prey models are examined to assess the generality of Volterra’s contention that an external mortality imposed simultaneously on both predators and prey results in a decrease in predators and an increase in prey equilibrium numbers.
Abstract: Several predator–prey models are examined to assess the generality of Volterra’s contention that an external mortality imposed simultaneously on both predators and prey results in a decrease in predators and an increase in prey equilibrium numbers The models indicate that this phenomenon occurs mainly as a result of the lack of predator crowding If predator crowding occurs, a strong functional response of predators to prey density, or light prey mortality relative to predator mortality, is required for Volterra’s phenomenon to occur In increasing populations away from equilibrium, numerical results indicate conditions for Volterra’s phenomenon to occur