Showing papers by "University of Victoria published in 1980"
TL;DR: Results concerning the total domination number of G (the smallest number of vertices in a total dominating set) and the total domatic number ofG (the largest order of a partition of G into total dominating sets) are obtained.
Abstract: A set D of vertices of a finite, undirected graph G = (V, E) is a total dominating set if every vertex of V is adjacent to some vertex of D. In this paper we initiate the study of total dominating sets in graphs and, in particular, obtain results concerning the total domination number of G (the smallest number of vertices in a total dominating set) and the total domatic number of G (the largest order of a partition of G into total dominating sets).
570 citations
TL;DR: An approach to functional testing is described in which the design of a program is viewed as an integrated collection of functions and the selection of test data depends on the functions used in the design and on the value spaces over which the functions are defined.
Abstract: An approach to functional testing is described in which the design of a program is viewed as an integrated collection of functions. The selection of test data depends on the functions used in the design and on the value spaces over which the functions are defined. The basic ideas in the method were developed during the study of a collection of scientific programs containing errors. The method was the most reliable testing technique for discovering the errors. It was found to be significantly more reliable than structural testing. The two techniques are compared and their relative advantages and limitations are discussed.
209 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the rotational line intensity factor is defined as the relationship between the electronic transition moment and the line strength of a single rotation line, and a uniform and consistent definition of electronic transition moments and line intensity factors is provided.
195 citations
TL;DR: The results are consistent with previous evidence that noradrenaline reduces the susceptibility of the central nervous system to epileptiform activity, and they suggest that a lessening of seizure-suppressantnoradrenergic function in the forebrain might be part of the mechanism underlying kindling.
181 citations
TL;DR: Data from a sample of 1964 subjects are most consistent with the view that the study of sidedness in humans should proceed with a consideration of a complex of underlying factors and individual difference variables.
Abstract: Laterality of hand, foot, eye, and ear was measured in a sample of 1964 subjects, ranging in age from 8 to 100 years. Age trends were found, with hand, foot, and eye preference becoming more right-sided and ear preference becoming more left-sided with increasing age. Sex differences emerged in foot, eye, and ear preference but these did not systematically interact with the age variable. Several causal mechanisms are proposed but none can fully explain either the direction or the magnitude of the observed age changes. Thus, these data are most consistent with the view that the study of sidedness in humans should proceed with a consideration of a complex of underlying factors and individual difference variables.
170 citations
TL;DR: It is reported here that 5-MOP has the expected properties of other biologically active furocoumarins, including lethal and mutagenic photosensitization of bacteria, ‘dark’ induced frameshift mutagenesis in bacteria, and lethal and clastogenic effects on mammalian cells in tissue culture.
Abstract: Many furocoumarins found in several species of plant1,2 are potent photosensitizing agents known to cause lethal and mutagenic effects in a wide range of organisms, from viruses to man2. Their role in the aetiology of cancer is debatable3–8, but work has focused on the PUVA (psoralen-UVA) treatment of psoriasis with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and near UV radiation9–18. Bergaptene (5-methoxypsoralen, 5-MOP) is a major constituent of oil of bergamot1,19, and might be expected to have qualitatively similar photosensitizing properties to 8-MOP. Although 5-MOP is widely used as a stimulus to melanin deposition in several suntan preparations surprisingly little is known about its basic photobiology2. We report here that 5-MOP has the expected properties of other biologically active furocoumarins. These properties include lethal and mutagenic photosensitization of bacteria, ‘dark’ induced frameshift mutagenesis in bacteria, and lethal and clastogenic effects on mammalian cells in tissue culture.
165 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an algorithm for solving the underlying least-squares linear prediction (LSLP) problem directly, without forcing a Toeplitz structure on the model, is presented.
Abstract: Experience with the maximum entropy spectral analysis (MESA) method suggests that (1) it can produce inaccurate frequency estimates of short sample sinusoidal data, and (2) it sometimes produces calculated values for the filter coefficients that are unduly contaminated by rounding errors. Consequently, in this report we develop an algorithm for solving the underlying least-squares linear prediction (LSLP) problem directly, without forcing a Toeplitz structure on the model. This approach leads to more accurate frequency determination for short sample harmonic processes, and our algorithm is computationally efficient and numerically stable. The algorithm can also be applied to two other versions of the linear prediction problem. A Fortran program is given in Part II.
113 citations
TL;DR: Electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area in rats anesthetized with urethane produced a surge of LH that was similar to the spontaneous LH surge, and was preceded by a re...
Abstract: We have studied the effects of various anesthetics on the spontaneous release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into hypophysial portal vessel blood and used the techniques of prolonged electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus and iv infusion of GnRH to determine more precisely the relationships between GnRH and LH release and between stored hormone and the amount released. A surge of GnRH (measured by RIA) occurred at the expected time of the spontaneous surge of plasma LH in rats anesthetized on proestrus with Althesin (alphaxalone and alphadolone acetate) but not in rats anesthetized with α-chloralose, ketamine hydrochloride, or urethane. The average amount of GnRH released into portal blood during the surge (128 pg) was relatively small compared to the amount stored in the hypothalamus (6–8 ng). Electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area in rats anesthetized with urethane produced a surge of LH that was similar to the spontaneous LH surge. This induced surge of LH was preceded by a re...
90 citations
TL;DR: Three studies are presented which explore the laterality of not only hand but also foot, eye, and ear, in a total of 5161 individuals, in an attempt to assess any relationship to birth stress.
Abstract: As an alternative to genetic theories of handedness, some theorists have offered an environmental mechanism, associated with birth stress, for the appearance of left-handedness. They suggest that brain damage as a result of birth difficulties can lead to a switch in hand preference from the right side to the left side. Consequently, one should find more left-handers in groups where the probability of the occurrence of birth stress is greater. Three studies are presented which explore the laterality of not only hand but also foot, eye, and ear, in a total of 5161 individuals, in an attempt to assess any relationship to birth stress. Maternal age seems to predict deviations from dextrality, dependent on the sex of the offspring, while paternal age and birth order do not. The use of a direct measure of conditions predisposing toward birth stress suggests that these results depend on prenatal or perinatal environmental trauma rather than chromosomal factors.
88 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an alternative ethical approach which would not permit painful experimentation on animals is proposed and its implications briefly examined, and the role of institutional factors, particularly language, in creating and maintaining the traditional notion of animals is discussed.
Abstract: Ethical issues relating to painful experimentation on animals have received little attention in the literature. It is contended that this is because of the widespread acceptance of nonscientific distinctions between human beings and animals, and a consequent failure to consider the proposition that sentient creatures have interests deserving of consideration. The role of institutional factors, particularly language, in creating and maintaining the traditional notion of animals is discussed. An alternative ethical approach which would not permit painful experimentation on animals is proposed and its implications briefly examined.
65 citations
TL;DR: The concentration and content of immunoreactive LHRH in pituitary stalk plasma of rats which had been ovariectomized and adrenalectomizing (Ovx-Adx) for either 4 or 28 days were comparable to the levels in intact rats at the time of the proestrous surge of LH and significantly increased when compared with Levels in intact diestrous rats.
Abstract: The spontaneous release of LHRH has been measured in female rats subjected to ovariectomy and adrenalectomy to determine if the release of LHRH is altered in the absence of sex steroids. Release of LHRH was determined by RIA of blood collected from the cut pituitary stalk of rats anesthetized with alphaxalone-alphadolone acetate. The concentration and content of immunoreactive LHRH in pituitary stalk plasma of rats which had been ovariectomized and adrenalectomized (Ovx-Adx) for either 4 or 28 days were comparable to the levels in intact rats at the time of the proestrous surge of LH and significantly increased when compared with levels in intact diestrous rats. The increased levels of LHRH in Ovx-Adx rats were not altered by estradiol benzoate (50 μg) injected sc either 1 h before or at the beginning of the collection of portal blood. The concentration of immunoreactive LH in jugular venous plasma obtained before cutting the pituitary stalk was significantly increased in proestrous rats and in 28-day Ovx...
TL;DR: The arctic beetle, Pytho americanus Kirby, is frost tolerant in both larval and adult stages, the first demonstration that an insect can tolerate freezing in more than one life stage, a situation which would be congruous with its northern distribution and allow it to spread its life cycle over a number of growing seasons.
TL;DR: During their differentiation, the follicular epithelial cells of the silkmoth, Antheraea polyphemus, produce the extracellular proteinaceous eggshell or chorion, which results in choriogenesis, a program of protein synthetic changes that entails continuous changes in cell-specific protein synthesis.
TL;DR: Fatty acid analysis indicated that in all treatments the neutral lipid pool was not turned over during feeding but was enhanced by exogenous or endogenously synthesized fatty acids.
Abstract: The availability of essential fatty acids in fish neutral lipid to tissue phospholipids was determined under conditions of adequate and inadequate essential fatty acid intake as well as during fasting. Juvenile rainbow trout were fed a semi-purified diet containing varying levels of cod liver oil, with or without supplementary olein. Fatty acid analysis indicated that in all treatments the neutral lipid pool was not turned over during feeding but was enhanced by exogenous or endogenously synthesized fatty acids. Fish that received diets devoid of essential fatty acids maintained virtually all of the docosahexenoic acid originally present in each lipid pool. Fish fed diets containing essential fatty acids deposited them in proportion to the dietary levels. After a 4-week fast, no change was noted in the relative levels of fatty acids in neutral lipid indicating that all fatty acids in neutral lipid were catabolized equally--including essential fatty acids. During fasting there was a selective retention of docosahexenoic and linoleic acids in the phospholipid pool.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects both of victimization and of police or judicial contacts on attitudes toward the police were studied by means of survey data collected in British Columbia (Canada) and found that such attitudes were generally favorable across all subpopulations but tend to be lower than average among: people who experienced a household criminal victimization during the preceding year, those who have experienced an adverse contact with the police, and especially among those who experienced or observed what they perceive to be improper police field practices.
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: A recent study on metal levels in sediments and tubificids in the Fraser River, B.C. as mentioned in this paper conducted over a year with monthly sampling for nine metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd and Hg), there was no seasonal variability in tissue metal levels.
Abstract: Current studies suggest that oligochaetes, initially considered by many authors to be intolerant to heavy metals, are among the most tolerant benthic invertebrates. Heavy metal studies with oligochaetes have concentrated almost exclusively on tubificids, in particular Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede and Tubifex tubifex (Muller), and the literature on this subject is reviewed. In a recent study on metal levels in sediments and tubificids in the Fraser River, B.C. conducted over a year with monthly sampling for nine metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cd and Hg), there was no seasonal variability in tissue metal levels. Tissue metal levels can only be determined accurately if preservatives are not used and a correction is made for gut sediment metal levels. Accumulation rates of metals by tubificids in the Fraser River and in other areas are variable and may reflect local differences in biologically available metal levels; the actual route of accumulation (e.g. from sediment, bacteria or interstitial water) has not been determined.
TL;DR: The algorithm can be used to solve the constrained 11 approximation problem and, if no vector x satisfying (2) and (3) exists, the subroutine detects this and informs the user that the problem is infeasible.
Abstract: subject to the given constraints (2) and (3). (In expression (4), b, denotes the ith component of b and A, denotes the ith row of A.) The method is completely general in the sense that no restrictions are imposed on the ranks of the matrices A, C, and E, or on the signs of the elements of f. Furthermore, if no vector x satisfying (2) and (3) exists, the subroutine detects this and informs the user that the problem is infeasible. The algorithm can be used to solve the constrained 11 approximation problem. Suppose that data consisting of k points (t , y,) are to be approximated by a linear
TL;DR: The results imply that genetic influence may operate to affect the degree of expressed preference, while the side of preference may not be genetically encoded, and suggest that lateral preferences for limb and sense organ may not been due to a single causal mechanism.
Abstract: Hand, eye, foot, and ear preference were examined in a sample of 459 biologically related parent-offspring triads and 434 sibling pairs. Intercorrelations were computed using the side of preference as the dependent variables and then again using the absolute strength of the displayed preference irrespective of side. The directional analyses did not show strong patterns of familial similarities; however, relatives did tend to resemble each other in the degree of lateralization manifested. Maternal and paternal resemblance to offspring vary over the four indices of laterality, and there are some suggestions of sex-specific interactions. These results imply that genetic influence may operate to affect the degree of expressed preference, while the side of preference may not be genetically encoded. These findings also suggest that lateral preferences for limb and sense organ may not be due to a single causal mechanism.
TL;DR: Repeated application of electrical stimulation to the amygdala at a frequency of 3 Hz resulted in the development of afterdischarge and behavioral seizures.
TL;DR: A differential equation model of a species with two life stages is constructed, and the behavior of the equilibria investigated when density-independent mortality is continuously imposed, finding the most effective stage to attack is that which is numerically dominant.
TL;DR: The sequence data from the 'A' proteins indicate that, phylogenetically, the archaebacteria are much closer to the cytoplasmic components of eucaryotes than they are to the eubacteria (or 'true bacteria').
TL;DR: The errors that were present in version five of a package of Fortran scientific subroutines and then later corrected in version six were analyzed and an integrated collection of static and dynamic analysis methods would have discovered the errors in versionFive before its release.
Abstract: Error analysis involves the examination of a collection of programs whose errors are known. Each error is analyzed and validation techniques which would discover the error are identified. The errors that were present in version five of a package of Fortran scientific subroutines and then later corrected in version six were analyzed. An integrated collection of static and dynamic analysis methods would have discovered the errors in version five before its release. An integrated approach to validation and the effectiveness of individual methods are discussed.
TL;DR: Anisomycin failed to suppress fully developed seizures in kindled mice, indicating that its prophylactic effects are not secondary to a general anticonvulsant action.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented at a conference entitled, "Communication and cultural change in China," held in Jan. 1978 at the East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Abstract: Papers originally presented at a conference entitled, "Communication and cultural change in China," held in Jan. 1978 at the East-West Center, Honolulu.
For more about the East-West Center, see http://www.eastwestcenter.org/
TL;DR: In this paper, the lateral preference, expressed as hand, eye, foot, and ear preference, was studied in a group of high-trainable and low-educable mentally retarded individuals.
Abstract: Lateral preference, expressed as hand, eye, foot, and ear preference, was studied in a group of high-trainable and low-educable mentally retarded individuals. Results were compared to two non-retarded groups chosen for approximate age and sensori-motor and cognitive equivalence. The retarded group showed a significantly higher incidence of left-sided or mixed-sided behaviors on each of the preference dimensions when compared to the other groups. Although lateral preference for use of limbs and sense organs tended to be concordant in the unaffected samples, the lateral preference patterns in the retardates resembled random assortment. The results are discussed in terms of neurological integrity and developmental lag.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the nature of stress, its sources and consequences among police, and identify gaps in the conceptual model within which police stress is normally viewed, and the purpose of this note is to examine the relationship between stress and other factors.