University of Victoria

About: University of Victoria is a education organization based out in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 14994 authors who have published 41051 publications receiving 1447972 citations. The organization is also known as: Victoria College.

The Relationship between Depth of Vocabulary Knowledge and L2 Learners' Lexical Inferencing Strategy Use and Success

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between ESL learners' depth of vocabulary knowledge, their lexical inferencing strategy use, and their success in deriving word meaning from context. Participants read a passage containing 10 unknown words and attempted to derive the meanings of the unknown words from context. Introspective think-aloud protocols were used to discover the degree and types of inferencing strategies learners used. The Word-Associate Test (WAT) (Read, 1993) was used to measure the learner's depth of vocabulary knowledge. Results indicate a significant relationship between depth of vocabulary knowledge and the degree and type of strategy use and success. They reveal that (a) those who had stronger depth of vocabulary knowledge used certain strategies more frequently than those who had weaker depth of vocabulary knowledge; (b) the stronger students made more effective use of certain types of lexical inferencing strategies than their weaker counterparts; and (c) depth of vocabulary knowledge ...

The Belle II Physics Book

Abstract: The Belle II detector will provide a major step forward in precision heavy flavor physics, quarkonium and exotic states, searches for dark sectors, and many other areas. The sensitivity to a large number of key observables can be improved by about an order of magnitude compared to the current measurements, and up to two orders in very clean search measurements. This increase in statistical precision arises not only due to the increased luminosity, but also from improved detector efficiency and precision for many channels. Many of the most interesting observables tend to have very small theoretical uncertainties that will therefore not limit the physics reach. This book has presented many new ideas for measurements, both to elucidate the nature of current anomalies seen in flavor, and to search for new phenomena in a plethora of observables that will become accessible with the Belle II dataset. The simulation used for the studiesinthis book was state ofthe artat the time, though weare learning a lot more about the experiment during the commissioning period. The detector is in operation, and working spectacularly well.

The origin of discs and spheroids in simulated galaxies

Abstract: The major morphological features of a galaxy are thought to be determined by the assembly history and net spin of its surrounding dark halo. In the simplest scenario, disc galaxies form predominantly in haloes with high angular momentum and quiet recent assembly history, whereas spheroids are the slowly rotating remnants of repeated merging events. We explore these assumptions using 100 systems with halo masses similar to that of the Milky Way, identified in a series of cosmological gasdynamical simulations: the Galaxies–Intergalactic Medium Interaction Calculation (GIMIC). At z=0, the simulated galaxies exhibit a wide variety of morphologies, from dispersion-dominated spheroids to pure disc galaxies. Surprisingly, these morphological features are very poorly correlated with their halo properties: discs form in haloes with high and low net spin, and mergers play a negligible role in the formation of spheroids, whose stars form primarily in situ. With hindsight, this weak correlation between halo and galaxy properties is unsurprising given that a minority of the available baryons (∼40 per cent) end up in galaxies.More important to morphology is the coherent alignment of the angular momentum of baryons that accrete over time to form a galaxy. Spheroids tend to form when the spin of newly accreted gas is misaligned with that of the extant galaxy, leading to the episodic formation of stars with different kinematics that cancel out the net rotation of the system. Discs, on the other hand, form out of gas that flows in with similar angular momentum to that of earlier accreted material. Gas accretion from a hot corona thus favours disc formation, whereas gas that flows ‘cold’, often along separate, misaligned filaments, favours the formation of spheroids. In this scenario, many spheroids consist of the superposition of stellar components with distinct kinematics, age and metallicity, an arrangement that might survive to the present day given the paucity of major mergers. Since angular momentum is acquired largely at turnaround, morphology depends on the early interplay between the tidal field and the shape of the material destined to form a galaxy.