University of Victoria

About: University of Victoria is a education organization based out in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 14994 authors who have published 41051 publications receiving 1447972 citations. The organization is also known as: Victoria College.

CD20+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Have an Atypical CD27− Memory Phenotype and Together with CD8+ T Cells Promote Favorable Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer

Abstract: Purpose: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), in particular CD8 + T cells and CD20 + B cells, are strongly associated with survival in ovarian cancer and other carcinomas. Although CD8 + TIL can mediate direct cytolytic activity against tumors, the role of CD20 + TIL is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the possible contributions of CD20 + TIL to humoral and cellular tumor immunity. Experimental Design: Tumor and serum specimens were obtained from patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. CD8 + and CD20 + TIL were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Immunoglobulin molecules were evaluated by DNA sequencing. Serum autoantibody responses to the tumor antigens p53 and NY-ESO-1 were measured by ELISA. Results: The vast majority of CD20 + TIL were antigen experienced, as evidenced by class-switching, somatic hypermutation, and oligoclonality, yet they failed to express the canonical memory marker CD27. CD20 + TIL showed no correlation with serum autoantibodies to p53 or NY-ESO-1. Instead, they colocalized with activated CD8 + TIL and expressed markers of antigen presentation, including MHC class I, MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. The presence of both CD20 + and CD8 + TIL correlated with increased patient survival compared with CD8 + TIL alone. Conclusions: In high-grade serous ovarian tumors, CD20 + TIL have an antigen–experienced but atypical CD27 − memory B-cell phenotype. They are uncoupled from serum autoantibodies, express markers of antigen-presenting cells, and colocalize with CD8 + T cells. We propose that the association between CD20 + TIL and patient survival may reflect a supportive role in cytolytic immune responses. Clin Cancer Res; 18(12); 3281–92. ©2012 AACR .

The spin and shape of dark matter haloes in the Millennium simulation of a LambdaCDM universe

Abstract: We investigate the spins and shapes of over a million dark matter haloes identified at z=0 in the Millennium simulation. Our sample spans halo masses ranging from dwarf galaxies to rich galaxy clusters. The very large dynamic range of this simulation enables the distribution of spins and shapes and their variation with halo mass and environment to be characterised with unprecedented precision. We compare results for haloes identified using different algorithms, including a novel one based on the branches of the halo merger trees. We investigate (and remove) biases in the estimate of angular momentum introduced by both the algorithms themselves and by numerical effects. We find that for this many objects, the traditional lognormal function is no longer an adequate description of the distribution of the dimensionless spin parameter lambda, and we provide a different function that gives a better fit. The variation of spin with halo mass is weak but detectable, although the trend depends strongly on the halo definition used. The haloes exhibit a range of shapes, with a preference for prolateness over oblateness. More massive haloes tend to be less spherical and more prolate. We find that the more spherical haloes have spin in the median, and those closest to spherical have a spin independent of mass. The most massive have a spin independent of shape. The majority of haloes have their angular momentum vector aligned with their minor axis and perpendicular to their major axis. We find that higher tend to be more clustered, with a stronger effect for more massive haloes. (abridged)

Performance of the ATLAS Trigger System in 2010

Abstract: Proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV and heavy ion collisions at root(NN)-N-s = 2.76 TeV were produced by the LHC and recorded using the ATLAS experiment's trigger system in 2010. The LHC is designed with a maximum bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz and the ATLAS trigger system is designed to record approximately 200 of these per second. The trigger system selects events by rapidly identifying signatures of muon, electron, photon, tau lepton, jet, and B meson candidates, as well as using global event signatures, such as missing transverse energy. An overview of the ATLAS trigger system, the evolution of the system during 2010 and the performance of the trigger system components and selections based on the 2010 collision data are shown. A brief outline of plans for the trigger system in 2011 is presented.

Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective

Abstract: Cognitive psychological research on the fallibility of human memory is reviewed, focusing on evidence of memory distortions and illusions, with the aim of sharing research on memory with clinical psychologists and practitioners who use memory recovery techniques to help clients recover suspected memories of childhood sexual abuse. The memory literature suggests that incautious use of memory recovery techniques may lead some adult clients who were not abused to come to believe that they were. Considerations relevant to assessing whether or not clients have repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse are discussed, as are suggestions for minimizing the risk of leading clients to create illusory memories or beliefs of childhood sexual abuse.