Showing papers by "University of Vienna published in 1983"
TL;DR: The most pronounced behavioural changes were strong immobility, increased incidence of "wet dog shakes", and long-lasting generalized tonic-clonic convulsions, suggesting a strongly increased firing rate of aminergic neurones during the period of generalized seizures.
524 citations
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TL;DR: UV radiation abrogates antigen-presenting capacities of epidermal cells by interfering both with the processing I of antigen by Langerhans cells and the production of the epidersmal-cell-derived thymocyte activating factor required for optimal T-cell responses.
246 citations
TL;DR: The study substantiates the feasibility of applying this teaching and treatment programme on a large scale to other hospitals, so as to improve the quality of diabetes care and decrease health care costs.
Abstract: In two hospitals an identical diabetes teaching and treatment programme (in-patient, Monday to Friday, group teaching) was set up. Seventy-eight consecutive, conventionally treated Type 1 diabetic patients (duration of diabetes 10 +/- 6 years), referred during a certain period, were reinvestigated after 1 year, and again (for assessment of metabolic control only) 22 months after the teaching and treatment programme. Initially, mean glycosylated haemoglobin was 2.6%, after one year 1.0%, and after 22 months 1.5% above the upper limit of the normal range (p less than 0.001). Hospital admissions were reduced from a mean of 10 to a median of 1 day per patient per year (p less than 0.001). The long-term quality of diabetes care achieved by the diabetes teaching and treatment programme was unrelated to intelligence quotient, diabetes duration, or diabetes-related knowledge. Patients with normal levels of glycosylated haemoglobin on follow-up (33% of all patients) had particularly good compliance rates, and significantly lower initial values of glycosylated haemoglobin than patients with glycosylated haemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. The data indicate that the diabetes teaching and treatment programme resulted in a substantial long-term improvement of metabolic control and a striking reduction of hospital admissions. The study substantiates the feasibility of applying this teaching and treatment programme on a large scale to other hospitals, so as to improve the quality of diabetes care and decrease health care costs.
246 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is reported that a marker for natural killer cells, anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1), specifically binds to components of human and rodent central nervous tissue as well as peripheral nervous tissue, especially to myelin sheaths, which indicates that autosensitization against myelin may simultaneously cause a defect of NK-cell function.
Abstract: Considerable evidence for shared antigenic determinants between nervous elements and lymphocytes has accumulated1–3. It has also been suggested that this cross-recognition may be involved in the pathogenesis of human neurological diseases such as myasthenia gravis1,4 and multiple sclerosis2. We report here evidence that a marker for natural killer (NK) cells, anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1)5, specifically binds to components of human and rodent central nervous tissue as well as peripheral nervous tissue, especially to myelin sheaths. In contrast, another NK-cell marker (VEP13)6 did not react with nervous tissue. Since NK-cell function is impaired in a population of multiple sclerosis patients7–9, the observed cross-reactivity indicates that autosensitization against myelin may simultaneously cause a defect of NK-cell function. Furthermore, the shared antigenic determinant may help to identify a hitherto undefined nervous tissue antigen and simultaneously increase the knowledge about the nature of NK-cell antigens.
238 citations
TL;DR: Tumors under 10 cm in length responded better to chemotherapy than those of greater length and there was a good correlation between the clinical estimation of tumor regression and progression and the histologic grade of regression.
Abstract: The histologic grade of regression of 50 osteosarcomas after polychemotherapy — according to the protocol study, COSS 80 — was classified on a six-stage regression scale; 56% of all patients responded well to chemotherapy regression grades I, II, and III and no significant difference between BCD- and CPL-treated patients could be found. Tumors under 10 cm in length responded better to chemotherapy than those of greater length and there was a good correlation between the clinical estimation of tumor regression and progression and the histologic grade of regression.
236 citations
TL;DR: These findings strongly suggest that Thy-1+ epidermal cells originate from the bone marrow; however, their precise relationship to distinct members of the hemopoietic differentiation pathway remains to be established.
211 citations
TL;DR: A complete classification of the two-dimensional phase flows of the replicator equation serves to model many biological processes not only in sociobiology but also in population genetics, mathematical ecology and even in prebiotic evolution.
Abstract: The replicator equation arises if one equips a certain game theoretical model for the evolution of behaviour in animal conflicts with dynamics. It serves to model many biological processes not only in sociobiology but also in population genetics, mathematical ecology and even in prebiotic evolution. After a short survey of these applications, a complete classification of the two-dimensional phase flows is presented. The methods are also used to obtain a classification of phase portraits of the well-known generalized Lotka-Volterra equation in the plane.
207 citations
TL;DR: In an oil refinery with a labour force of 1260 male blue-collar workers, 300 matched cases of permanent shift workers, day workers, and drop-outs were selected and split into four groups corresponding in age and years at work as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In an oil refinery with a labour force of 1260 male blue-collar workers, 300 matched cases of permanent shift workers, day workers, and drop-outs were selected and split into four groups corresponding in age and years at work.
191 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results show that immunologic and biochemical analysis of proteins associated with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of diverse neoplasms, particularly those with equivocal histologic features, and thus aids in the histogenetic classification of soft tissue tumors.
Abstract: The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of various types of human soft tissue tumors was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy with the use of specific antibodies against cytokeratins, vimentin, and desmin, as well as by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of high-salt buffer- and detergent-resistant cytoskeletal preparations. All leiomyomas as well as a leiomyosarcoma contained desmin. Leiomyomas of both gastrointestinal and uterine derivation and the retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma showed strong reaction for desmin in the smooth muscle cells, but the latter two exhibited also vimentin staining. In embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, desmin prevailed in the large, apparently well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts; whereas the smaller, less differentiated tumor cells preferentially contained vimentin. Cells of malignant fibrous histiocytomas were characterized by their content of vimentin as the only intermediate filament protein present. In alveolar soft part sarcoma, a rare tumor of hitherto unknown histogenesis, vimentin and desmin co-existed within the same tumor cells, indicating, together with chemical determinations, the myogenic derivation of this neoplasm. The results show that immunologic and biochemical analysis of proteins associated with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of diverse neoplasms, particularly those with equivocal histologic features, and thus aids in the histogenetic classification of soft tissue tumors.
181 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical study of the mechanism of the bonding of an alkali metal (Cs) on a transition-metal surface [W(001)] in the high-coverage limit is presented in order to understand and explain the lowering of the work function and to elucidate the role of W surface states and surface resonance states in the adsorption process.
Abstract: A theoretical study of the nature and the mechanism of the bonding of an alkali metal (Cs) on a transition-metal surface [W(001)] in the high-coverage limit is presented in order to understand and explain the lowering of the work function and to elucidate the role of W surface states and surface resonance states in the adsorption process. The analysis is based on all-electron local-density-functional results obtained with our self-consistent full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method for thin films for (1) a five-layer slab of W, (2) an unsupported Cs monolayer, and (3) Cs in a $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ structure on both sides of the five-layer W slab for three different Cs-W separations. We find that Cs forms a polarized-metallic rather than ionic overlayer: The Cs valence electrons originating from the atomic $6s$ states are polarized toward the W surface leading to an increase of electronic charge in the Cs/W interface region and a depletion of electronic charge on the vacuum side of the overlayer. In addition, the semicore Cs $5p$ electrons are markedly counterpolarized. The net result of these multiple surface dipoles is a lowering of the work function upon cesiation from 4.77 eV (clean five-layer W slab) to 2.77, 2.55, and 2.28 eV, corresponding to heights of the Cs atoms above the W surface of 2.60, 2.75, and 2.90 \AA{}, respectively. The Cs-induced changes in the charge density are essentially localized outside the surface W atoms. The W $d$ surface states and surface resonance states which are so characteristic of the W(001) surface are found to persist on the cesiated W(001) surface. The main effect of the Cs overlayer on these states is their energetic stabilization; this effect is most pronounced for the contamination-sensitive ${\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{1}$ surface state just below the Fermi energy, which is lowered in energy by 1 eV due to hybridization with Cs $s$ states.
175 citations
TL;DR: Two linearly constrained logistic models which are based on the well-known dichotomous Rasch model, the linear logistic test model (LLTM) and the Linear Logistic model with relaxed assumptions (LLRA), are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Two linearly constrained logistic models which are based on the well-known dichotomous Rasch model, the ‘linear logistic test model’ (LLTM) and the ‘linear logistic model with relaxed assumptions’ (LLRA), are discussed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of unique conditional maximum likelihood estimates of the structural model parameters are derived. Methods for testing composite hypotheses within the framework of these models and a number of typical applications to real data are mentioned.
TL;DR: All eight epitopes are indistinguishably present on strains of the western subtype of TBE virus isolated all over Europe in different years from different hosts, thus again confirming the great stability of this virus.
TL;DR: The results surprisingly demonstrated an increase in both the extracellular and the intracellular ETAF activity of the murine epidermal, Pam 212, and SCC after sublethal amounts of in vitro UVR.
TL;DR: An overview of band structure calculations on the fourth and fifth group transition metal monocarbides, mononitrides, and monoxides, published since the review article by Calais as mentioned in this paper, is given here.
Abstract: An overview is given here of band structure calculations on the fourth and fifth group transition metal monocarbides, mononitrides, and monoxides, published since the review article by Calais [J.-L. Calais, Adv. Phys. 26, 847 (1977)]. Furthermore, the relations of three categories of experimental properties, which allow insight into the electronic structure of the above mentioned compounds, and the results of band structure calculations are discussed. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental findings. The considered experimental properties are valence band photoemission spectra, valence band x-ray emission spectra, and optical properties.
TL;DR: This article reports that both antibodies raised against the promyelomonocytic leukemia cell line HL60 recognize the carbohydrate structure 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine with the following sequence: This structure is the same as that recognized by a hybridoma antibody against mouse teratocarcinoma cells (anti‐SSEA‐1) which recognizes an early embryonic antigen in the mouse.
Abstract: Two hybridoma antibodies (VEP8 and VEP9) raised against the promyelomonocytic leukemia cell line HL60 have previously been shown to distinguish human granulocytes and monocytes from other cells of the peripheral blood. We report here that both antibodies recognize the carbohydrate structure 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine with the following sequence: (formula; see text) This structure is the same as that recognized by a hybridoma antibody against mouse teratocarcinoma cells (anti-SSEA-1) which recognizes an early embryonic antigen in the mouse. Until recently this carbohydrate structure was considered to be rare among glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. However, there is a growing list of human and animal glycoproteins in which this sequence has been detected by chemical and immunochemical methods. In this article we survey this information and discuss how this and other carbohydrate structures behave as differentiation- or tumor-associated antigens.
TL;DR: The biology of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied on a tidal flat in the Lagoon of Grado (Northern Adriatic) using in situ resin casting and with additional in situ and laboratory observations.
Abstract: . The biology of the thalassinidean shrimp Upogebia pusilla was studied on a tidal flat in the Lagoon of Grado (Northern Adriatic). Burrows were investigated using in situ resin casting and with additional in situ and laboratory observations. Burrows show a basic pattern consisting of a U or a double U with turning chambers and a vertical shaft. Mean burrow diameter depends on animal size, it is smaller than the rigid carapace of the animal. Dimensions, distance between openings, depth of U, total depth, volume and surface are size dependent. The burrow wall is smooth and oxidized. Burrows are always inhabited by a single shrimp. Although they overlap, they are never interconnected. They are mainly constructed by compression of the sediment and are relatively permanent structures. A comparison of the burrows of Thalassinidea with regard to shape, number and appearance of openings, dimensions, properties of the burrow wall and dynamics is given.
TL;DR: It is the opinion that at the present state most of the observations on NORs and nucleoli can be interpreted so as to achieve a general understanding of the nucleolus.
Abstract: In the last few years numerous papers have been published on the nucleolus and its relation to the nucleolus organizer region (NOR). Several, even very recent, publications still reveal differences in the interpretation of these results. It is, however, our opinion that at the present state most of the observations on NORs and nucleoli can be interpreted so as to achieve a general understanding of the nucleolus. For this purpose we shall summarize some morphological results and problems with particular reference to the example of resting and stimulated lymphocytes. This may supplement recent reviews covering molecular aspects (Perry 1981; Moss and Birnstiel 1982), the cytological visualization of nucleolar genetic activity (Miller 1981; Scheer et al. 1982), the amplification of ribosomal genes (Macgregor 1982), problems of nucleolus formation in plants (Flavell and Martini 1982; de la Torre and Gimenez-Martin 1982), as well as reviews dealing mostly with the functional morphology of nucleoli in vertebrate and also human cells (Goessens and Lepoint 1979; Jordan and McGovern 1981; Bouteille et al. 1982; Stahl 1982). A few notes on the history of the early work on nucleoli are given in the beginning, supplementing the introduction to the review by Miller (1981), since we feel that the very careful observations of the early cytologists should be remembered and reread, if not for their face value, then at least as an example of exact descriptive morphology. Needless to say, this short review article can give only a small selection of the many papers on our topic and will be far from complete.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the transformation that describes the dynamics is a diffeomorphism (in particular one-to-one) for non-symmetric matrices.
Abstract: It is shown that in the classical model of population genetics (Fisher-Wright-Haldane, discrete or continuous version) every solution p(t) converges to equilibrium for t → ∞. For related models of evolutionary games (with non-symmetric matrices) it is shown that the transformation that describes the dynamics is a diffeomorphism (in particular one-to-one).
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the formula applied in calculations of the dielectric constant in computer simulations using the Ewald-Kornfeld summation corresponds to an idealized limiting case which cannot be realized in practice.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that olivine tetrahedra occur as structural elements, assuming that the vacancies are on Si sites, and if M2 site vacancies were assumed [SiO3(OH)] and [SiSiO2(OH)2] tetrahedral structures were assumed to be on the Si sites.
Abstract: Polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy of olivine crystals from Zabargad, Red Sea shows the existence of four pleochroic absorption bands at 3,590, 3,570, 3,520 and 3,230 cm−1, and of one non pleochroic band at 3,400 cm−1. The bands are assigned to OH stretching frequencies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows no oriented intergrowths in this olivine; it is concluded that OH is structural. On the basis of the pleochroic scheme of the absorption spectra it is proposed that [□O(OH)3] and [□O2(OH)2] tetrahedra occur as structural elements, assuming that the vacancies are on Si sites. If M2 site vacancies were assumed [SiO3(OH)] and [SiO2(OH)2] tetrahedra occur as structural elements.
TL;DR: A group of 55 autopsy cases of paralysis agitans were studied with special attention to distribution of Lewy bodies and cortical changes, and Clinicopathologically, the cases in groups B and C correspond to classical paralysis agitan.
Abstract: A group of 55 autopsy cases of paralysis agitans were studied with special attention to distribution of Lewy bodies and cortical changes. According to the frequency of Lewy bodies and senile changes (senile plaques and Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles), three groups could be distinguished. Group A (4 cases; 3 males, 1 female; aged 65–76 years) with progressive dementia and muscle rigidity showed numerous Lewy bodies, not only in the diencephalon and brain-stem but also in the cerebral cortex, and a high incidence of senile changes. The pattern of distribution of Lewy bodies in the brain-stem was identical to that of Parkinson's disease. Cerebral Lewy bodies were observed predominantly in small or medium-sized pyramidal neurons in the fifth and sixth layers of the temporal, frontal, insular and cingulate cortex. These cases are termed “diffuse Lewy body disease”. Group B (15 cases; 10 males, 5 females; aged 62–79 years) with classical parkinsonism showed many Lewy bodies in the diencephalon and brain-stem, but cerebral Lewy bodies and senile changes were less frequent than in group A. In group B, the frequency of cerebral Lewy bodies and senile changes was higher in patients with dementia (7 cases, 40%) than in patients without dementia. The demented patients in this group may form a transition between groups B and A. Group C (36 cases; 17 males, 19 females; aged 52–85 years) without dementia, showed fewer Lewy bodies in the diencephalon and brain-stem than in groups A and B; cerebral Lewy bodies were not found. The frequency of senile changes corresponded to age. Clinicopathologically, the cases in groups B and C correspond to classical paralysis agitans.
TL;DR: Concentrations of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo A-II were found to be significantly decreased in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and non-insulin- dependent diabetes compared with carefully selected controls matched for sex, age and body weight.
TL;DR: A histological analysis of 324 unselected fatal head injuries disclosed axonal injury in the form of retraction balls in 100 cases: this was severe in 64 and mild in 36, suggesting that axonal Injury exists as a spectrum without there necessarily being selective involvement of the corpus callosum or the rostral brain stem.
Abstract: A histological analysis of 324 unselected fatal head injuries disclosed axonal injury in the form of retraction balls in 100 cases: this was severe in 64 and mild in 36 It is suggested that axonal injury exists as a spectrum without there necessarily being selective involvement of the corpus callosum or the rostral brain stem, and that cases with mild axonal injury may be unconscious for only a short time after their injury
TL;DR: In this paper, the CrTe phase diagram was investigated in the composition range 30-100 at using differential thermal analysis and powder diffraction methods and six NiAs-related phases were characterized between 52.4 and 62 at.% Te.
Abstract: The CrTe phase diagram was investigated in the composition range 30–100 at.% Te using differential thermal analysis and powder diffraction methods. Six NiAs-related phases were characterized between 52.4 and 62 at.% Te. Two of them, hexagonal Cr 1− x Te (52.4–53.5 at.% Te) and monoclinic Cr 3 Te 4 -h (53.5–59.3 at.% Te), are high temperature phases. At lower temperatures monoclinic Cr 3 Te 4 -l (56.4–59.2 at.% Te) and trigonal Cr 2 Te 3 (59.5–60.0 at.% Te) are stable. Two phases, monoclinic Cr 5 Te 8 -m (59.6–61.5 at.% Te) and trigonal Cr 5 Te 8 -tr (61.5–62.0 at.% Te), were found on the tellurium-rich side of this phase system. At 75 at.% Te monoclinic CrTe 3 , a novel polytelluride, is formed in a peritectic reaction at 753 K. There are also indications of the formation of another tellurium-rich phase at about 70 at.% Te and 734 K.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived an equation which relates the dipole moment fluctuations observed in computer simulations of polar systems to the frequency-dependent dielectric constant, provided that the modified dipolar interactions do not explicitly depend upon time.
TL;DR: The main results are the following: the frequencies of all types of chromosome aberrations at 0.4 rad are significantly lower than the control values, and over the entire dose range the dose-effect relationship is clearly non-linear.
Abstract: In a coordinated research programme sponsored by the Internation Atomic Energy Agency, the frequencies of chromocomal aberrations induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes (in vitro) by 250 kV X-rays at low doses (04, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 30 rad) were determined Blood from 2 donors was used to conduct one master experiment at these dose levels The culture time used was 48 h and all samples including the controls were processed according to a standard protocol The coded slides were scored by investigators from 10 participating laboratories The main results are the following: (1) the frequencies of all types of chromosome aberrations at 04 rad are significantly lower than the control values; (2) there is no increase in the frequencies of dicentrics up to 2 rad and in those of terminal deletions up to 5 rad; (3) the mean frequencies of all aberrations considered together are not significantly different from one another at 1,2 and 3 rad ( P = 005); and (4) over the entire dose range the dose-effect relationship is clearly non-linear A fit of these data to a linear quadratic model ( E ( D ) = c + αD + βD 2 ) showed that the observed total aberration frequencies at doses 1,2,3 and 5 rad are below the curve defined by the model The deviations can be explained by an altered kinetics of aberration production at very low doses probably due to DNA repair mechanisms operating in these cells
TL;DR: Results suggest that in vitro treatment of effusion mononu‐clear cells from untreated patients with OK432 will result in augmentation of NK cell activity and reduction of NK suppressor cell activity in pleural effusions, which could be responsible for the antitumor activity of i.pl.
Abstract: Twelve patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions were treated with single intrapleural (i.pl.) administration of OK432 on day 0 and the effects of i.pl. OK432 on natural killer (NK) cell activity were followed on day 7. Two patients showed no clinical evidence of therapeutic benefit from i.pl. OK432. In the other 10 patients, pleural effusions and/or tumor cells in the effusions had decreased or disappeared by day 7. NK cell activity was markedly low or absent in pleural effusions of untreated patients due to the presence of adherent effusion cells capable of suppressing the maintenance and interferon-induced augmentation of NK cell activity. I.pl. injection of OK432 resulted in enhancement of NK cell activity and abrogation of NK suppressor cell activity in the effusions. On the other hand, blood NK cell activity was not consistently altered by i.pl. OK432. In vitro treatment of effusion mononuclear cells from untreated patients with OK432, but not with interferon, augmented NK cell activity. In addition, adherent effusion cells of untreated patients lost their NK suppressor function following in vitro OK432 treatment. These results suggest that i.pl. administration of OK432 will result in augmentation of NK cell activity and reduction of NK suppressor cell activity in pleural effusions, which could be responsible for the antitumor activity of i.pl. OK432.
TL;DR: In a retrospective study, on a sample of 1021 patients with carcinoma of the lips, oral cavity and oropharynx, the clinically available factors at the time of the patient's first admission are analysed with reference to their prognostic relevance to create a prognostic index.
TL;DR: In this paper, the magnetic properties of different types of silicides have been studied in the temperature range 1.5 K T T > 300 K. All the compounds (RE, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) were found to be isotypic and to crystallize with the structure type of ThCr 2 Si 2 (ordered derivative of the BaAl 4 -type).
TL;DR: A novel discretization scheme, called "finite boxes," allows an optimal grid-point allocation and can be applied to nonrectangular devices and the advantages and computer resource savings of the new method are described by the simulation of a 100-V diode.
Abstract: A two-dimensional numerical device-simulation system is presented. A novel discretization scheme, called "finite boxes," allows an optimal grid-point allocation and can be applied to nonrectangular devices. The grid is generated automatically according to the specified device geometry. It is adapted automatically during the solution process by equidistributing a weight function which describes the local discretization error. A modified Newton method is used for solving the discretized nonlinear system. To achieve high flexibility the physical parameters can be defined by user-supplied models. This approach requires numerical calculation of parts of the coefficients of the Jacobian. Supplementary algorithms speed up convergence and inhibit the commonly known Newton overshoot. The advantages and computer resource savings of the new method are described by the simulation of a 100-V diode. We also present results for thyristor and GaAs MESFET simulations.