University of Vienna

About: University of Vienna is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stars. The organization has 44686 authors who have published 95840 publications receiving 2907492 citations.

The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system

Abstract: ERA-Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The ERA-Interim project was conducted in part to prepare for a new atmospheric reanalysis to replace ERA-40, which will extend back to the early part of the twentieth century. This article describes the forecast model, data assimilation method, and input datasets used to produce ERA-Interim, and discusses the performance of the system. Special emphasis is placed on various difficulties encountered in the production of ERA-40, including the representation of the hydrological cycle, the quality of the stratospheric circulation, and the consistency in time of the reanalysed fields. We provide evidence for substantial improvements in each of these aspects. We also identify areas where further work is needed and describe opportunities and objectives for future reanalysis projects at ECMWF. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society

REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction

Abstract: Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants are surfeited with mechanisms to combat increased ROS levels during abiotic stress conditions, in other circumstances plants appear to purposefully generate ROS as signaling molecules to control various processes including pathogen defense, programmed cell death, and stomatal behavior. This review describes the mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. New insights into the complexity and roles that ROS play in plants have come from genetic analyses of ROS detoxifying and signaling mutants. Considering recent ROS-induced genome-wide expression analyses, the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.

ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates

Abstract: Model-based molecular phylogenetics plays an important role in comparisons of genomic data, and model selection is a key step in all such analyses. We present ModelFinder, a fast model-selection method that greatly improves the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates by incorporating a model of rate heterogeneity across sites not previously considered in this context and by allowing concurrent searches of model space and tree space.

Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change

Abstract: Das Elaboration Likelihood Modell (ELM) wurde in den 1980er Jahren von den Sozialpsychologen Richard E. Petty und John T. Cacioppo mit dem Ziel entwickelt, die prozesshafte Verarbeitung persuasiver Botschaften zu erklaren und Einstellungsveranderungen in Abhangigkeit von der Rezeptionssituation, den Eigenschaften einer persuasiven Botschaft und individuellen Voraussetzungen des Rezipienten vorherzusagen. Die zentrale Veroffentlichung dieser Persuasionstheorie ist das 1986 erschienene Buch Communication and persuasion: Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. In diesem Schlusselwerk der Medienwirkungsforschung werden das ELM und seine Basiskonzepte theoretisch definiert und durch eine Vielzahl empirischer Studien untermauert. Daruber hinaus diskutieren die Autoren methodische Schwierigkeiten bei der Uberprufung ihrer Annahmen sowie Konsequenzen der verschiedenen Elaborationsrouten. Communication and persuasion bietet damit einen detaillierten Uberblick zu einem der wichtigsten Zwei-Prozess-Modelle der persuasiven Kommunikationsforschung.