University of Vienna

About: University of Vienna is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 44686 authors who have published 95840 publications receiving 2907492 citations.

Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid-amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

Abstract: Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei(1). Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sun ...

Dissociation of the neural correlates of implicit and explicit memory

Abstract: One presentation of a word to a subject is enough to change the way in which the word is processed subsequently, even when there is no conscious (explicit) memory of the original presentation. This phenomenon is known as implicit memory. The neural correlates of implicit memory have been studied previously, but they have never been compared with the correlates of explicit memory while holding task conditions constant or while using a procedure that ensured that the neural correlates were not 'contaminated' by explicit memory. Here we use scalp-recorded event-related brain potentials to identify neural activity associated with implicit and explicit memory during the performance of a recognition memory task. Relative to new words, recently studied words produced activity in three neuroanatomically and functionally dissociable neural populations. One of these populations was activated whether or not the word was consciously recognized, and its activity therefore represents a neural correlate of implicit memory. Thus, when task and memory contamination effects are eliminated, the neural correlates of explicit and implicit memory differ qualitatively.

Implementation and performance of the frequency-dependent GW method within the PAW framework

Abstract: Algorithmic details and results of fully frequency-dependent ${G}_{0}{W}_{0}$ calculations are presented. The implementation relies on the spectral representation of the involved matrices and their Hilbert or Kramers-Kronig transforms to obtain the polarizability and self-energy matrices at each frequency. Using this approach, the computational time for the calculation of polarizability matrices and quasiparticle energies is twice as that for a single frequency, plus Hilbert transforms. In addition, the implementation relies on the PAW method, which allows to treat $d$-states with relatively modest effort and permits the reevaluation of the core-valence interaction on the level of the Hartree-Fock approximation. Tests performed on an $sp$ material (Si) and materials with $d$ electrons (GaAs and CdS) yield quasiparticle energies that are very close to previous all-electron pseudopotential and all-electron full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital calculations.

Introducing Interpreting Studies

Abstract: Introducing Introducin Part I: Foundations 1. Concepts 1.1 Conceptual roots 1.2 Interpreting defined 1.3 Settings and constellations 1.4 Typological parameters 1.5 Domains and dimensions 2. Evolution 2.1 Socio-professional underpinnings 2.2 Breaking ground: professionals and psychologists 2.3 Laying academic foundations 2.4 Renewal and new beginnings 2.5 Consolidation and integration 2.6 Interpreting studies in the twenty-first century 3. Approaches 3.1 Disciplinary perspectives 3.2 Memes of interpreting 3.3 Methodology 4. Paradigms 4.1 The notion of 'paradigm' 4.2 Forging a paradigm 4.3 Experimenting with interpreting 4.4 Aspiring to science 4.5 Broadening the view 4.6 Focusing on interaction 4.7 Unity in diversity 5. Models 5.1 On modeling 5.2 Socio-professional and institutional models 5.3 Interaction models 5.4 Processing models 5.5 Models, tests and applications Part II: Selected Topics and Research 6. Process 6.1 Bilingualism 6.2 Simultaneity 6.3 Comprehension 6.4 Memory 6.5 Production 6.6 Input variables 6.7 Strategies 7. Product and Performance 7.1 Discourse 7.2 Source-target correspondence 7.3 Effect 7.4 Role 7.5 Quality 8. Practice and profession 8.1 History 8.2 Settings 8.3 Standards 8.4 Competence 8.5 Technology 8.6 Ecology 8.7 Sociology 9. Pedagogy 9.1 Curriculum 9.2 Selection 9.3 Teaching 9.4 Assessment 9.5 Meta-level training Part III. Directions 10. Directions 10.1 Trends 10.2 Perspectives 10.3 Orientation Bibliography Internet links Index

Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges

Abstract: The field of microbiome research has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and has become a topic of great scientific and public interest. As a result of this rapid growth in interest covering different fields, we are lacking a clear commonly agreed definition of the term “microbiome.” Moreover, a consensus on best practices in microbiome research is missing. Recently, a panel of international experts discussed the current gaps in the frame of the European-funded MicrobiomeSupport project. The meeting brought together about 40 leaders from diverse microbiome areas, while more than a hundred experts from all over the world took part in an online survey accompanying the workshop. This article excerpts the outcomes of the workshop and the corresponding online survey embedded in a short historical introduction and future outlook. We propose a definition of microbiome based on the compact, clear, and comprehensive description of the term provided by Whipps et al. in 1988, amended with a set of novel recommendations considering the latest technological developments and research findings. We clearly separate the terms microbiome and microbiota and provide a comprehensive discussion considering the composition of microbiota, the heterogeneity and dynamics of microbiomes in time and space, the stability and resilience of microbial networks, the definition of core microbiomes, and functionally relevant keystone species as well as co-evolutionary principles of microbe-host and inter-species interactions within the microbiome. These broad definitions together with the suggested unifying concepts will help to improve standardization of microbiome studies in the future, and could be the starting point for an integrated assessment of data resulting in a more rapid transfer of knowledge from basic science into practice. Furthermore, microbiome standards are important for solving new challenges associated with anthropogenic-driven changes in the field of planetary health, for which the understanding of microbiomes might play a key role.