Institution
University of Vienna
Education•Vienna, Austria•
About: University of Vienna is a education organization based out in Vienna, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Stars. The organization has 44686 authors who have published 95840 publications receiving 2907492 citations.
Topics: Population, Stars, Galaxy, Transplantation, Crystal structure
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison between scale development and index construction procedures is made to trace the implications of adopting a reflective versus formative perspective when creating multi-item measures for organizational research.
Abstract: A comparison is undertaken between scale development and index construction procedures to trace the implications of adopting a reflective versus formative perspective when creating multi-item measures for organizational research. Focusing on export coordination as an illustrative construct of interest, the results show that the choice of measurement perspective impacts on the content, parsimony and criterion validity of the derived coordination measures. Implications for practising researchers seeking to develop multi-item measures of organizational constructs are considered.
2,481 citations
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TL;DR: Maintaining normothermia intraoperatively is likely to decrease the incidence of infectious complications in patients undergoing colorectal resection and to shorten their hospitalizations.
Abstract: Background Mild perioperative hypothermia, which is common during major surgery, may promote surgical-wound infection by triggering thermoregulatory vasoconstriction, which decreases subcutaneous oxygen tension. Reduced levels of oxygen in tissue impair oxidative killing by neutrophils and decrease the strength of the healing wound by reducing the deposition of collagen. Hypothermia also directly impairs immune function. We tested the hypothesis that hypothermia both increases susceptibility to surgical-wound infection and lengthens hospitalization. Methods Two hundred patients undergoing colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to routine intraoperative thermal care (the hypothermia group) or additional warming (the normothermia group). The patients' anesthetic care was standardized, and they were all given cefamandole and metronidazole. In a double-blind protocol, their wounds were evaluated daily until discharge from the hospital and in the clinic after two weeks; wounds containing culture-positive pu...
2,442 citations
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TL;DR: It is proposed that the emergence of indirect reciprocity was a decisive step for the evolution of human societies and the probability of knowing the ‘image’ of the recipient must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act.
Abstract: Darwinian evolution has to provide an explanation for cooperative behaviour. Theories of cooperation are based on kin selection (dependent on genetic relatedness)1,2, group selection3,4,5 and reciprocal altruism6,7,8. The idea of reciprocal altruism usually involves direct reciprocity: repeated encounters between the same individuals allow for the return of an altruistic act by the recipient10,11,12,13,14,15,16. Here we present a new theoretical framework, which is based on indirect reciprocity17 and does not require the same two individuals ever to meet again. Individual selection can nevertheless favour cooperative strategies directed towards recipients that have helped others in the past. Cooperation pays because it confers the image of a valuable community member to the cooperating individual. We present computer simulations and analytic models that specify the conditions required for evolutionary stability18 of indirect reciprocity. We show that the probability of knowing the ‘image’ of the recipient must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act. We propose that the emergence of indirect reciprocity was a decisive step for the evolution of human societies.
2,417 citations
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TL;DR: Infliximab was well-tolerated; withdrawals for adverse events as well as the occurrence of serious adverse events or serious infections did not exceed those in the placebo group.
2,411 citations
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TL;DR: A clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlative study in patients with Parkinson's syndrome and Huntington's chorea is reported in this paper, where positive correlations can be established, within a certain range, between the severity of individual Parkinsonian symptoms (especially akinesia and tremor) and the degree, and also the site, of the disturbance of dopamine metabolism within the nuclei of the basal ganglia; and the sensitivity of the patients to levodopa's acute anti-akinesia effect.
2,395 citations
Authors
Showing all 45262 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Tomas Hökfelt | 158 | 1033 | 95979 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Hans Lassmann | 155 | 724 | 79933 |
Stanley J. Korsmeyer | 151 | 316 | 113691 |
Charles B. Nemeroff | 149 | 979 | 90426 |
Martin A. Nowak | 148 | 591 | 94394 |
Barton F. Haynes | 144 | 911 | 79014 |
Yi Yang | 143 | 2456 | 92268 |
Peter Palese | 132 | 526 | 57882 |
Gérald Simonneau | 130 | 587 | 90006 |
Peter M. Elias | 127 | 581 | 49825 |
Erwin F. Wagner | 125 | 375 | 59688 |
Anton Zeilinger | 125 | 631 | 71013 |
Wolfgang Waltenberger | 125 | 854 | 75841 |
Michael Wagner | 124 | 351 | 54251 |