University of Virginia

About: University of Virginia is a education organization based out in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 52543 authors who have published 113268 publications receiving 5220506 citations. The organization is also known as: U of V & UVa.

Attachment from Infancy to Early Adulthood in a High-Risk Sample: Continuity, Discontinuity, and Their Correlates

Abstract: This study explores the stability of attachment security and representations from infancy to early adulthood in a sample chosen originally for poverty and high risk for poor developmental outcomes. Participants for this study were 57 young adults who are part of an ongoing prospective study of development and adaptation in a high-risk sample. Attachment was assessed during infancy by using the Ainsworth Strange Situation (Ainsworth & Wittig) and at age 19 by using the Berkeley Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main). Possible correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment were drawn from assessments of the participants and their mothers over the course of the study. Results provided no evidence for significant continuity between infant and adult attachment in this sample, with many participants transitioning to insecurity. The evidence, however, indicated that there might be lawful discontinuity. Analyses of correlates of continuity and discontinuity in attachment classification from infancy to adulthood indicated that the continuous and discontinuous groups were differentiated on the basis of child maltreatment, maternal depression, and family functioning in early adolescence. These results provide evidence that although attachment has been found to be stable over time in other samples, attachment representations are vulnerable to difficult and chaotic life experiences.

Learning to Optimize: Training Deep Neural Networks for Interference Management

Abstract: Numerical optimization has played a central role in addressing key signal processing (SP) problems Highly effective methods have been developed for a large variety of SP applications such as communications, radar, filter design, and speech and image analytics, just to name a few However, optimization algorithms often entail considerable complexity, which creates a serious gap between theoretical design/analysis and real-time processing In this paper, we aim at providing a new learning-based perspective to address this challenging issue The key idea is to treat the input and output of an SP algorithm as an unknown nonlinear mapping and use a deep neural network (DNN) to approximate it If the nonlinear mapping can be learned accurately by a DNN of moderate size, then SP tasks can be performed effectively—since passing the input through a DNN only requires a small number of simple operations In our paper, we first identify a class of optimization algorithms that can be accurately approximated by a fully connected DNN Second, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we apply it to approximate a popular interference management algorithm, namely, the WMMSE algorithm Extensive experiments using both synthetically generated wireless channel data and real DSL channel data have been conducted It is shown that, in practice, only a small network is sufficient to obtain high approximation accuracy, and DNNs can achieve orders of magnitude speedup in computational time compared to the state-of-the-art interference management algorithm

Insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation requires the CAP-dependent activation of TC10

Abstract: The stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin in muscle and adipose tissue requires translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein from intracellular storage sites to the cell surface. Although the cellular dynamics of GLUT4 vesicle trafficking are well described, the signalling pathways that link the insulin receptor to GLUT4 translocation remain poorly understood. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) is required for this trafficking event, but it is not sufficient to produce GLUT4 translocation. We previously described a pathway involving the insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Cbl, which is recruited to the insulin receptor by the adapter protein CAP. On phosphorylation, Cbl is translocated to lipid rafts. Blocking this step completely inhibits the stimulation of GLUT4 translocation by insulin. Here we show that phosphorylated Cbl recruits the CrkII-C3G complex to lipid rafts, where C3G specifically activates the small GTP-binding protein TC10. This process is independent of PI(3)K, but requires the translocation of Cbl, Crk and C3G to the lipid raft. The activation of TC10 is essential for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation. The TC10 pathway functions in parallel with PI(3)K to stimulate fully GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin.

Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Abstract: Objective: Our objective was to provide a scholarly review of the published literature on menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT), make scientifically valid assessments of the available data, and grade the level of evidence available for each clinically important endpoint. Participants in Development of Scientific Statement: The 12-member Scientific Statement Task Force of The Endocrine Society selected the leader of the statement development group (R.J.S.) and suggested experts with expertise in specific areas. In conjunction with the Task Force, lead authors (n = 25) and peer reviewers (n = 14) for each specific topic were selected. All discussions regarding content and grading of evidence occurred via teleconference or electronic and written correspondence. No funding was provided to any expert or peer reviewer, and all participants volunteered their time to prepare this Scientific Statement. Evidence: Each expert conducted extensive literature searches of case control, cohort, and randomized controlled tria...

Medical complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A report of the multicenter, cooperative aneurysm study

Abstract: ObjectivesThis report examines the frequency, type, and prognostic factors of medical (nonneurologic) complications after subarachnoid hemorrhage in a large, prospective study. The influences of contemporary neurosurgical, neurological, and critical care practice on mortality and morbidity rates aft