University of Virginia

About: University of Virginia is a education organization based out in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 52543 authors who have published 113268 publications receiving 5220506 citations. The organization is also known as: U of V & UVa.

The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery. Part 1 Overall management results

Abstract: The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery evaluated the results of surgical and medical management in 3521 patients between December, 1980, and July, 1983. At admission, 75% of patients were in good neurological condition and surgery was performed in 83%. At the 6-month evaluation, 26% of the patients had died and 58% exhibited a complete recovery. Vasospasm and rebleeding were the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in addition to the initial bleed. Predictors for mortality included the patient's decreased level of consciousness and increased age, thickness of the subarachnoid hemorrhage clot on computerized tomography, elevated blood pressure, preexisting medical illnesses, and basilar aneurysms. The results presented here document the status of management in the 1980's.

A Relational View of Information Seeking and Learning in Social Networks

Abstract: Research in organizational learning has demonstrated processes and occasionally performance implications of acquisition of declarative (know-what) and procedural (know-how) knowledge. However, considerably less attention has been paid to learned characteristics of relationships that affect the decision to seek information from other people. Based on a review of the social network, information processing, and organizational learning literatures, along with the results of a previous qualitative study, we propose a formal model of information seeking in which the probability of seeking information from another person is a function of (1) knowing what that person knows; (2) valuing what that person knows; (3) being able to gain timely access to that person's thinking; and (4) perceiving that seeking information from that person would not be too costly. We also hypothesize that the knowing, access, and cost variables mediate the relationship between physical proximity and information seeking. The model is tested using two separate research sites to provide replication. The results indicate strong support for the model and the mediation hypothesis (with the exception of the cost variable). Implications are drawn for the study of both transactive memory and organizational learning, as well as for management practice.

Two-Year Outcomes after Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement

Abstract: The rates of death from any cause were similar in the TAVR and surgery groups (hazard ratio with TAVR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 1.15; P = 0.41) and at 2 years (Kaplan–Meier analysis) were 33.9% in the TAVR group and 35.0% in the surgery group (P = 0.78). The frequency of all strokes during follow-up did not differ significantly between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.67 to 2.23; P = 0.52). At 30 days, strokes were more frequent with TAVR than with surgical replacement (4.6% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.12); subsequently, there were 8 additional strokes in the TAVR group and 12 in the surgery group. Improvement in valve areas was similar with TAVR and surgical replacement and was maintained for 2 years. Paravalvular regurgitation was more frequent after TAVR (P<0.001), and even mild paravalvular regurgitation was associated with increased late mortality (P<0.001). Conclusions A 2-year follow-up of patients in the PARTNER trial supports TAVR as an alternative to surgery in high-risk patients. The two treatments were similar with respect to mortality, reduction in symptoms, and improved valve hemodynamics, but paravalvular regurgitation was more frequent after TAVR and was associated with increased late mortality. (Funded by Edwards Lifesciences; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00530894.)

Transcriptional control by the TGF‐β/Smad signaling system

Abstract: The deployment of a cell's genetic program in a multicellular organism must be tightly controlled for the sake of the organism as a whole. Over the past 20 years the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family of secretory polypeptides has emerged as a major source of signals exerting this type of control. This family includes various forms of TGF‐β, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), the Nodals, the Activins, the anti‐Mullerian hormone, and many other structurally related factors in vertebrates, insects and nematodes (Massague, 1998). Produced by diverse cell types, these factors regulate cell migration, adhesion, multiplication, differentiation and death throughout the life span of the organism. Many of these responses result from changes in the expression of key target genes. Hence, transcriptional control by the TGF‐β family has become a subject of intense investigation in recent years. The present knowledge of these mechanisms is reviewed here. One basic concept concerning the role of the TGF‐β family as hormonally active agents warrants mention at the outset. Unlike classical hormones, whose actions are few and concrete, the members of the TGF‐β family have many different effects depending on the type and state of the cell. For example, in the same healing wound TGF‐β may stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation depending on whether the target is a fibroblast or a keratinocyte (Ashcroft et al ., 1999); in mammary epithelial cells TGF‐β will cause growth arrest or metastatic behavior depending on the level of oncogenic Ras activity present in the cell (Oft et al ., 1996); and human BMP4 and its Drosophila ortholog, DPP, can signal dorsalization in the fly (Padgett et al ., 1993) yet bone formation in a vertebrate (Sampath et al ., 1993). TGF‐β family members are multifunctional hormones, the nature of their effects depending on what has been called ‘the cellular context’. It was plausible …