University of Virginia

About: University of Virginia is a education organization based out in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 52543 authors who have published 113268 publications receiving 5220506 citations. The organization is also known as: U of V & UVa.

The determinants of parenting behavior.

Abstract: Explored factors that influence parenting behavior through examination of previously reported and more recently developed models for predicting parenting behavior. Patterson's behavioral model, Abidin's initial model of parenting stress, and Belsky's process model of determinants of parenting are reviewed. A proposed model is presented to improve on previous models by integrating sociological, environmental, and behavioral factors, as well as personality characteristics of the parent, in predicting parenting behavior. Finally, description is provided on a new self-report measure (i.e., the Parenting Alliance Inventory) developed to focus on those aspects of the marital relationship that bear directly on parenting. Implications for future research are presented.

The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery. Part 2: Surgical results.

Abstract: A prospective, observational clinical trial was conducted by the International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery to determine the best time in relation to the hemorrhage for surgical treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Sixty-eight centers contributed 3521 patients in a 2 1/2-year period beginning in December, 1980. Analysis by a prespecified "planned" surgery interval demonstrated that there was no difference in early (0 to 3 days after the bleed) or late surgery (11 to 14 days). Outcome was worse if surgery was performed in the 7 to 10-day post-bleed interval. Surgical results were better for patients operated on after 10 days. Patients alert on admission fared best; however, alert patients had a mortality rate of 10% to 12% when undergoing surgery prior to Day 11 compared with 3% to 5% when surgery was performed after Day 10. Patients drowsy on admission had a 21% to 25% mortality rate when operated on up to Day 11 and 7% to 10% with surgery thereafter. Overall, early surgery was neither more hazardous nor beneficial than delayed surgery. The postoperative risk following early surgery is equivalent to the risk of rebleeding and vasospasm in patients waiting for delayed surgery.

The Wavelength Dependence of Interstellar Extinction from 1.25 to 8.0 μm Using GLIMPSE Data

Abstract: We determine and tabulate A[λ]/AK, the wavelength dependence of interstellar extinction, in the Galactic plane for 1.25 μm ≤ λ ≤ 8.0 μm along two lines of sight: l = 42° and 284°. The first is a relatively quiescent and unremarkable region; the second contains the giant H II region RCW 49, as well as a "field" region unrelated to the cluster and nebulosity. Areas near these Galactic longitudes were imaged at J, H, and K bands by 2MASS and at 3-8 μm by Spitzer for the GLIMPSE Legacy program. We measure the mean values of the color excess ratios (A[λ] - AK)/(AJ - AK) directly from the color distributions of observed stars. The extinction ratio between two of the filters, e.g., AJ/AK, is required to calculate A[λ]/AK from those measured ratios. We use the apparent JHK magnitudes of giant stars along our two sight lines and fit the reddening as a function of magnitude (distance) to determine AJ kpc-1, AK kpc-1, and AJ/AK. Our values of A[λ]/AK show a flattening across the 3-8 μm wavelength range, roughly consistent with the extinction measurements derived by Lutz and coworkers for the sight line toward the Galactic center.

The value of the IUCN Red List for conservation

Abstract: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most comprehensive resource detailing the global conservation status of plants and animals. The 2004 edition represents a milestone in the four-decade long history of the Red List, including the first Global Amphibian Assessment and a near doubling in assessed species since 2000. Moreover, the Red List assessment process itself has developed substantially over the past decade, extending the value of the Red List far beyond the assignation of threat status. We highlight here how the Red List, in conjunction with the comprehensive data compiled to support it and in spite of several important limitations, has become an increasingly powerful tool for conservation planning, management, monitoring and decision making.