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Showing papers by "University of Warsaw published in 1975"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Heisenberg uncertainty relation and the Gross-Nelson inequality in quantum mechanics are derived in this paper, which express restrictions imposed by quantum theory on probability distributions of canonically conjugate variables in terms of corresponding information entropies.
Abstract: New uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics are derived. They express restrictions imposed by quantum theory on probability distributions of canonically conjugate variables in terms of corresponding information entropies. The Heisenberg uncertainty relation follows from those inequalities and so does the Gross-Nelson inequality.

964 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a functional calculus for positive sesquilinear forms is given and the purification map for states on C∗-algebras is described in terms of the geometrical mean of two positive forms related to states in a natural way.

323 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the potential energy curve for the electronic ground state of the hydrogen molecule has been recomputed for intermediate and large internuclear separations, and the largest improvement amounts to 5.5 cm −1, and was obtained in the vicinity of R = 4.4a.

115 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the modifiedoscillator field with the inclusion of an ωJx term to describe the effects of nuclear rotation forms the basis for the calculation of microscopic energies.

103 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a discussion of the present state of understanding of the inhibition of electrode reactions by adsorbed organic compounds has been presented, and it has been shown that the different models of the mechanism of inhibition may be reduced to the concept of competitive adsorption of activated complex, solvent and inhibitor molecules.

90 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Out of 145 haploid eggs obtained by microsurgically removing the pronucleus from the fertilized mouse egg and transplanted into the oviduct of pseudopregnant recipients, 36 multicellular embryos were recovered and all were gynogenetic.
Abstract: A pronucleus can be microsurgically removed from the fertilized mouse egg. Out of 145 haploid eggs obtained by this method and transplanted into the oviduct of pseudopregnant recipients, 36 multicellular embryos were recovered on the 4th or 5th day. On the 4th day all embryos were morulae composed of 8-50 cells, with the majority containing 8-16 cells. After an additional 24 h in vivo or in vitro the cell number increased considerably, sometimes up to as many as 80. Out of 36 multicellular embryos only one developed into a blastocyst while the others remained at the morula stage. Karyological investigations confirmed that the embryos were haploid and revealed that all were gynogenetic. Possible reasons for the absence of the androgenones and for the scarcity of blastocysts are discussed.

78 citations


01 Jan 1975
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied nonlinear wave equations of the Schroedinger-Pauli and Klein-Gordon types and showed that from a class of nonlinearities the logarithmic nonlinearity is distinguished by several interesting physical properties.
Abstract: We study nonlinear wave equations of the Schroedinger-Pauli and Klein-Gordon type. We show that from a class of nonlinearities the logarithmic nonlinearity is distinguished by several interesting physical properties. Wave equations with such a nonlinearity have stable, localized, soliton-like solutions in any number of dimensions.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the leading particle spectrum of non-diffractive hadron-hadron collisions is linked to the x distribution of quarks in the hadron, as deduced from the structure functions measured in deep inelastic scattering of electrons and neutrinos on nucleons.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic method of operator perturbation theory in the Heisenberg picture is developed, which is the formal analog of time-independent stationary-state perturbations in the Schroedinger picture.
Abstract: We develop a systematic method of operator perturbation theory in the Heisenberg picture, which is the formal analog of time-independent stationary- state perturbation theory in the Schroedinger picture. However, we use the eigenoperators and operator eigenfrequencies to calculate the time evolution of the dynamical variables of interest. The spectrum of the unperturbed Hamiltonian is assumed to be discrete. The method is especially well-suited for treating systems where the unperturbed Hamiltonian represents noninteracting fermions and/ or bosons, and therefore, we illustrate the method using the exactly solvable model of Jaynes and Cummings: a single two-level atom interacting with a single quantized field mode. The time evolution of these operator solutions is shown to be unitary order by order in powers of the interaction strength. We find that the time evolution of exact operator solutions is well approximated for significantly longer times by the time evolution of this method's operator solutions than by the time evolution of the same operator solutions calculated using the Dyson expansion. We also demonstrate that time-dependent operator solutions are very convenient for computing quantities such as correlation functions. (AIP)

63 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The molecular structure of (C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mg has been determined by gas phase electron diffraction in this article, and the best agreement between calculated and experimental intensity curves is obtained for a model with eclipsed rings (symmetry D 5h ).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, projection methods based on expansions of solutions of retarded function differential equations in terms of generalized eigenfunctions are considered, and convergence results are established for a class of perturbed systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the manner of preparation of a MFE with silver substrate and aging of these electrodes was investigated on voltammetric curves recorded for 10 different electrolyte solutions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that a Weyssenhoff fluid sphere collapses to a singularity and matching and junction conditions in the Einstein-Cartan theory are presented, and it is proved that the singularity can be achieved by a Weysenhoff sphere.
Abstract: In this paper matching and junction conditions in the Einstein-Cartan theory are presented. It is shown that a Weyssenhoff fluid sphere collapses to a singularity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Comparison of the experimental dipole moments with those calculated for the energy minima suggests that the conformation of the dimethylamino group is not planar and differs from that found in cytosine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary observations showed that triploid embryos obtained by the use of cytochalasin B can implant and survive at least to the 9th day.
Abstract: Mouse eggs fertilized in vivo were treated with cytochalasin B in vitro (5 μg/ml of culture medium) at he moment of extrusion of the second polar body (2·5, 3·0, 3·5 h after copulation). Cytochalasin B inhibits cytokinesis of the second maturation division, so that triploid digynic eggs are formed in over 50% of treated eggs. Triploid eggs were transplanted to the oviducts of recipients. On the 4th and 5th day of development 41·7% of transplanted eggs were recovered. All embryos recovered on the 4th day were morulae, while on the 5th day blastocysts predominated. Recovered embryos were studied for cell number and ploidy. Twenty-three of 27 embryos with analysable metaphase plates were triploid and four were diploid (the latter were found in females into which both triploid and control diploid eggs were transplanted). Sex chromosome constitution was determined in seven cases: four triploids were XXY and three were XXX .

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the contribution of spin-independent amplitude to the np→pn charge exchange reaction for low t values was estimated and various mechanisms playing a role in the process considered are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was pointed out that the commutation relations among the fundamental vector fields defined on a Lorentz bundle with a connection generalize the corresponding relations for the Lie algebra of the Poincare group.
Abstract: It is pointed out that the commutation relations among the fundamental vector fields defined on a Lorentz bundle with a connection generalize the corresponding relations for the Lie algebra of the Poincare group. It is apparent from these commutators that there is an analogy between torsion and curvature with regard to their relation to translations and rotations in the tangent spaces of the manifold. A detailed analysis of the variational principle that underlies the Einstein--Cartan theory leads to a theorem on the compatibility of the metric and affine structures in space-time. 29 references. (auth)

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1975

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The synthesis of oleanolic acid 3β- d -glucuronoside from o Leanolic acid and UDPGlcA has been demonstrated in cell-free preparations from C. officinalis seedlings and the formation of more complex glycosides by successive additions of galactose and glucose to oLeanolic acid glucuronosid was observed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the subject of l-parameter groups of symmetry transformations of the first order variational problems in fibred manifolds is studied. But the main focus of this paper is on the first-order variational problem.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrode kinetics of electroreduction of vanadium(III), cadmium(II), plumbite ion, Mn(NH3)x2+ and nitrobenzene free radical as well as oxidation of the manganese amalgam has been studied at mercury electrodes in a mixture of water with propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: SEM microstructural studies on different lithogenetic types of Polish loess soils contributed to the knowledge of variation in their engineering-geological properties such as porosity, sensitivity to water, compressibility as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: SEM microstructural studies on different lithogenetic types of Polish loess soils contributed to the knowledge of variation in their engineering-geological properties such as porosity, sensitivity to water, compressibility. The studies showed the properties to be the net result of structural features which, in turn, are dependent on genesis and post-depositional alterations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No correlation was found between level of protein, crude fibre or nitrogen extracts in food and numbers of Entodinium, Polyplasstron and Holotricha in the rumen, but numbers of Anoplod inium denticulatum and Eudiplodinia maggii increased as protein content increased.
Abstract: The relation between composition of food and numbers of rumen ciliates was examined in three buffaloes fed once a day. Depending on the diet and time after feeding, the total protozoa varied from 0·97 x 105 to 9·11 x 105/ml rumen fluid. Entodinia formed from 87·0 to 97·1%, Diplodinia from 1·9 to 11·4%, and Holotricha from 1·0 to 1·7%. The numbers of Entodinium, Polyplastron multivesiculatum and Holotricha were least in animals fed on hay only, while the smallest number of Anoplodinium denticulatum and Eudiplodinium maggii was found in buffaloes given a mixed diet containing 13·3% of concentrates. The highest number of protozoa was found in animals fed a mixed diet containing 26·9% of concentrates. No correlation was found between level of protein, crude fibre or nitrogen extracts in food and numbers of Entodinium, Polyplasstron and Holotricha in the rumen, but numbers of Anoplodinium denticulatum and Eudiplodinium maggii increased as protein content increased.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the nuclear potential acting between complex nuclei is determined assuming the boundary conditions following from the liquid-drop model, and a convenient parametrization of the Coulomb interaction potential is proposed.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that the main cause of the heavy mortality of chimaeric embryos is the profound difference in the course of embryogenesis of these two species immediately following implantation.
Abstract: One bank vole ( Clethrionomys glareolus ) embryo and two mouse embryos were combined at the 8- to 16-blastomere stage and cultured in vitro for 33–47 h. In 66% of cases single regular blastocysts were formed. The chimaeric composition of blastocysts was confirmed karyologically. Out of the 222 blastocysts transplanted to 49 pseudopregnant mouse recipients, a total of 52 implantations were found in 20 recipients. Among the 52 implantations, 14 contained embryos and the remaining were resorptions. The majority of embryos were abnormal and fell into two categories: (1) groups of cells surrounded by Reichert's membrane and lying freely in a cavity filled with giant trophoblastic cells, (2) small and retarded eggcylinders usually composed of endoderm and ectoderm only, and containing a proamniotic cavity. The ectoplacental cone of these embryos was poorly developed or lacking altogether. Two normal-looking embryos were recovered on the 9th and 10th day (4-somite and ca . 12-somite stage). Chimaerism of the younger embryo was confirmed karyologically. No evidence of chimaerism was available in the case of older embryo which was examined histologically. Thirteen implantations examined between 11th and 17th day contained only resorptions. It is suggested that the main cause of the heavy mortality of chimaeric embryos is the profound difference in the course of embryogenesis of these two species immediately following implantation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of rf sidebands in the Mossbauer spectra of metallic iron as a result of the application of an external rf magnetic field is studied.
Abstract: The formation of rf sidebands in the Mossbauer spectra of metallic iron as a result of the application of an external rf magnetic field is studied. The dependence of the sideband intensities on the rf field intensity and the thickness of the sample is discussed. Experiments show that the formation of sidebands is connected with atomic vibrations induced within the foil by the rf field applied. Basing on the experimental spectra obtained, modulation indices are calculated in accordance with the FM theory. The results obtained are interpreted in terms of the modified magnetostriction model. The dependence of sideband formation on the coating of the foil with a damping medium is studied. It is found that covering of the sample surface with a silicon grease, adhesive tape, or metallic zinc causes a considerable damping of the sidebands and in some cases causes their complete quenching. This effect has been attributed to the dissipation of energy generated within the sample by the rf field. If the acoustic resistivity of the medium covering the sample is higher than that of air the energy transferred from the foil to the environment increases and the sidebands are damped. Es wird die Bildung von HF-Seitenbandern in den Mosbauerspektren von metallischem Eisen durch Anlegen eines auseren Hochfrequenzmagnetfeldes untersucht. Die Abhangigkeit der Seitenbandintensitaten von der HF-Feldintensitat und der Probendicke wird diskutiert. Experimente zeigen, das die Bildung der Seitenbander mit den innerhalb der Schicht durch das angelegte HF-Feld induzierten Atomschwingungen verknupit ist. Auf Grund der erhaltenen experimentellen Spektren werden die Modulationsindizes in Ubereinstimmung mit der FM-Theorie berechnet. Die erzielten Ergebnisse werden mit dem modifizierten Magnetostriktionsmodell interpretiert. Die Abhangigkeit der Seitenbandbildung von der Bedeckung der Schicht mit einem dampfenden Medium wird ebenfalls untersucht. Es wird gefunden, das die Oberflachenbeschichtung mit Silikonfett, Klebestreifen oder metallischem Zink eine betrachtliche Dampfung der Seitenbander und in einigen Fallen ihre vollstandige Tilgung hervorruft. Dieser Effekt wird der Dissipation der innerhalb der Probe durch das HF-Feld erzeugten Energie zugeschrieben. Wenn der akustische Widerstand des die Probe bedeckenden Mediums groser ist als der von Luft, nimmt die von der Schicht zur Umgebung gehende Energie zu und die Seitenbander werden gedampft.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new exact solution of Einstein's equations is derived, which constitutes a generalization of the well-known internal Schwarzschild solution, and may be applied to relativistic spheres with a finite density increase toward the centre.
Abstract: A new exact solution of Einstein's equations is derived, which constitutes a generalization of the well-known internal Schwarzschild solution, and may be applied to relativistic spheres with a finite density increase toward the centre.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrated a marked preference for the conformation C-2′-endo of the deoxyribose rings of both anomers of 5-ethyl-2-deoxyuridine, the latter is a thymidine analogue with antiviral activity, have been subjected to a conformational analysis in aqueous medium by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopy with the aid of the iteration program LAOCCOON-3.
Abstract: 1The α and β anomers of 5-ethyl-2′-deoxyuridine, the latter of which is a thymidine analogue with antiviral activity, have been subjected to a conformational analysis in aqueous medium by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopy with the aid of the iteration program LAOCCOON-3. 2The results demonstrated a marked preference for the conformation C-2′-endo of the deoxyribose rings of both anomers; and this appears to be an inherent property of the deoxyribose ring itself. As regards the exocyclic 5′-CH2OH group, the β anomer exhibited a preference for the gauchegauche conformation; in the case of the α anomer, all three classical conformers were equally favoured. 3A particularly extensive analysis of the conformation about the glycosidic bond, based on the chemical shifts of several sugar protons, pointed to the conformation anti for both anomers. 4The data for the protons of the 5-ethyl side chain are in accord with a symmetrical distribution of the rotamers of this substituent relative to the plane of the pyrimidine ring. 5The overall findings are compared with those earlier reported for the α and β anomers of thymidine, as well as a number of other nucleosides, nucleotides and polynucleotides. 6PMR spectral data were similarly utilised to perform a conformational analysis of the α and β anomers of 5-ethyl-2′-deoxycytidine, an analogue of 5-methyldeoxycytidine; the results did not differ appreciably from those for the 5-ethyldeoxyuridine anomers.