Showing papers by "University of Warsaw published in 1986"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a methodological approach to compare characterizations of optimal solutions to vector optimization problems and by applications to decision support systems, and present an impossibility theorem of complete and robustly computable characterization of efficient (as opposed to weakly or properly efficient) solutions.
Abstract: Motivated by recent reviews of characterizations of optimal solutions to vector optimization problems and by applications to decision support systems, this paper presents a methodological approach to comparing such characterizations. After specifying attributes of constructiveness, alternative classes of characterizations are reviewed. Characterization theorems are quoted or presented in more detail in cases that supplement those given in recent reviews. One of alternative classes of characterizations -- by aspiration levels and order-consistent achievement functions -- is discussed in more detail. An impossibility theorem of complete and robustly computable characterization of efficient (as opposed to weakly or properly efficient) solutions to vector optimization problems is presented.
Angeregt durch neuere Ubersichten der Charakterisierung von optimalen Losungen von Vektoroptimierungsproblemen und durch Anwendungen auf Entscheidungsunterstutzungssysteme wird in diesem Beitrag ein methodischer Ansatz zum Vergleich solcher Charakterisierungen dargestellt. Nach der Spezifizierung von Attributen der Konstruktivitat werden alternative Klassen von Charakterisierungen betrachtet. Charakterisierungstheoreme werden entweder zitiert oder, in Erganzung neuerer Ubersichten, dargestellt. Eine der alternativen Klassen der Charakterisierungen wird naher diskutiert. Ein Unmoglichkeitstheorem einer vollstandigen und robust berechenbaren Charakterisierung von effizienten (im Gegensatz zu schwach oder streng effizienten) Losungen der Vektoroptimierungsprobleme wird dargelegt.
512 citations
TL;DR: Examination of nonmigratory and migratory populations of a copepod in alpine clear-water lakes in the Tatra Mountains of Poland supports the view that migratory behaviour in zooplankton is selected for as a means of evading fish predators.
Abstract: Diel vertical migrations of zooplankton within water bodies have been related to efficient utilization of resources1–4 or to avoidance of mortality due to predation5,6. Although the possibility that vertical migrations evolved as an antipredator strategy has attracted much attention, no evidence has yet been presented of predation selecting for traits of migratory behaviour in planktonic animals. Therefore, I have examined nonmigratory and migratory populations of a copepod, Cyclops abyssorum, in alpine clear-water lakes in the Tatra Mountains of Poland. I report here that diel vertical migrations are not apparent in lakes without predatory fish, whereas short-range migrations are demonstrable in lakes which have been stocked with planktivorous fishes for decades, and long-range migrations are evident in lakes that have been stocked for centuries or millennia. These observations support the view that migratory behaviour in zooplankton is selected for as a means of evading fish predators.
498 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a path integral formulation of quantum field theory is presented, and the theory of renormalization is discussed, with a focus on spontaneous and explicit global symmetry breaking.
Abstract: Preface Introduction 1. Classical fields, symmetries and their breaking 2. Path integral formulation of quantum field theory 3. Feynman rules for Yang-Mills theories 4. Introduction to the theory of renormalization 5. Quantum electrodynamics 6. Renormalization group 7. Scale invariance and operator product expansion 8. Quantum chromodynamics 9. Chiral symmetry, spontaneous symmetry breaking 10. Spontaneous and explicit global symmetry breaking 11. Higgs mechanisms in gauge theories 12. Standard electroweak theory 13. Chiral anomalies 14. Effective lagrangians 15. Introduction to supersymmetry Appendices.
329 citations
TL;DR: It is proved that O(e √ n log n ) states are sufficient to simulate an n -state 1nfa recognizing a unary language by a 1dfa and the lower bound is the same.
313 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thorough investigation of the proper scheme to correct for basis set superposition errors is performed for the He dimer within the CEPA(1) method, and it is concluded that the full counterpoise correction should be applied rather than a scheme omitting the occupied orbit of the ghost.
214 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the T-T Line has been determined to be a deep tectonic trough with rift properties, and the results of deep seismic soundings have shown that the crust in the marginal zone of the East European Platform has highly anomalous properties.
154 citations
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TL;DR: New simple hardness proofs for certain propositional logics are obtained as an application of the computational complexity of problems of existence of winning strategies in domino tilings.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a static, spherically symmetric, and asymptotically flat solution of coupled Einstein-Born-Infeld equations is presented, where the internal mass of the system is zero and the resulting space-time is regular and describes static electromagnetic geon.
Abstract: A static, spherically symmetric, and asymptotically flat solution of coupled Einstein-Born-Infeld equations is presented. When the internal mass of the system is zero the resulting space-time is regular and describes static electromagnetic geon.
113 citations
01 Sep 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a connection between the hierarchy of alternating least and greatest fixed points and Rabin pair indices of automata is made, and a reduction of these terms to Rabin automata on infinite trees is shown which yields some decidability results.
Abstract: Expressions involving least and greatest fixed point operators are interpreted in the power-set algebra of (possibly infinite) trees and also in some abstract models. Initiality of the tree algebra is established via a "Mezei-and Wright-like" result on interpretation of fixed point terms. Then a reduction of these terms to Rabin automata on infinite trees is shown which yields some decidability results. A connection is exhibited between the hierarchy of alternating least and greatest fixed points and the hierarchy of Rabin pair indices of automata.
104 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, cross sections and charged multiplicity distributions for π+p, K+p andpp interactions at 250 GeV/c are presented and compared to each other as well as to earlier (for π +p and K +p lower energy) data.
Abstract: Cross sections and charged multiplicity distributions for π+p,K+p andpp interactions at 250 GeV/c are presented and compared to each other as well as to earlier (for π+p andK+p lower energy) data. Consistently, the meson-proton (M+p) data have narrower multiplicity distributions and higher average multiplicity thanpp data. Up to our energy, generalized KNO functions describe the energy dependence of the shape of the multiplity distribution with one parameter forM+p and one forpp collisions. If interpreted in terms of negative binomials, the parameter 1/k tends to be slightly lower forM+p than forpp data. For both types of hadron-hadron collision, 1/k is larger than fore+e− andlp collisions.
101 citations
TL;DR: Measurements of pH-dependence of kinetic constants indicated that the cationic forms are the preferred substrates, whereas the monoanion of inosine appears to be almost as good a substrate as the neutral form.
TL;DR: In a semiconductor with high concentration of resonant donor states in the conduction band or resonant acceptor states in valence band, the Fermi level is pinned to the resonant state and only some of the ionized donors (or acceptors) are ionized as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: STAHL is described, a system that models significant portions of 18th century reasoning about compositional models and includes a number of heuristics for generating componential models from reactions, as well as error recovery mechanisms for dealing with inconsistent results.
Abstract: One of the major goals of 18th century chemistry was to determine the components of substances. In this paper we describe STAHL, a system that models significant portions of 18th century reasoning about compositional models. The system includes a number of heuristics for generating componential models from reactions, as well as error recovery mechanisms for dealing with inconsistent results. STAHL processes chemical reactions incrementally, and is therefore capable of reconstructing extended historic episodes, such as the century-long development of the phlogiston theory. We evaluate STAHL's heuristics in the light of historical data, and conclude that the same reasoning mechanisms account for a variety of historical achievements, including Black's models of mild alkali and Lavoisier's oxygen theory. STAHL explains the generation of competing accounts of the same reactions, since the system's reasoning chain depends on knowledge it has accumulated at earlier stages.
TL;DR: In this paper, the validity of the criterion used by Collins and Galiup to establish whether the counterpoise correction overestimates the basis set superposition error is called into question.
TL;DR: Tetraploid embryos can develop normally at least until two-thirds of pregnancy, but the question whether they are able to survive till term remains open.
Abstract: Electric-field-induced blastomere fusion was studied in 2-cell rabbit embryos. Field strengths (1 to 3kV cm-1) and durations (35 to 1000 microseconds) were chosen so as to provide the right balance between fusion rate, viability and developmental capacity of embryonic cells. Maximum plasma membrane tolerance of 2-cell rabbit embryos was observed at about 3kV cm-1 for 1000 microseconds. All surviving 'fused' embryos were able to develop in vitro and most of them formed expanded blastocysts. Observation of 'fused' embryos immediately after fusion and during the whole cell cycle showed that 27.7% of the two diploid nuclei remained separated in the hybrid cell. More than one metaphase plate was formed at the onset of mitosis causing direct cleavage into three or four 'cells'. In the remaining embryos the two diploid nuclei seemed to form a common metaphase plate and cleaved into two equal blastomeres. After transfer to recipient does, 54.4% of these tetraploid embryos developed beyond implantation. Between day 11 and 20, ten live and morphologically fully normal embryos were recovered. Nine embryos were uniformly tetraploid and one recovered on day 18 was a diploid/tetraploid mosaic. The remaining implantation sites contained either abnormal, very retarded embryos or indefinable embryo remnants. After transfer of 'nonfused' embryos treated with 3kV cm-1, 49% gave birth to normal live young. These results suggest that the electric field can be applied successfully in a relatively wide strength and duration range without causing any visible teratogenic effect on treated embryos. Thus, tetraploid embryos can develop normally at least until two-thirds of pregnancy, but the question whether they are able to survive till term remains open.
TL;DR: The transcriptional organization and sequence of the Aspergillus nidulans argB gene, encoding ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCTase; E.C. 2.1.3.), was determined as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The transcriptional organization and sequence of the Aspergillus nidulans argB gene, encoding ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCTase; E.C. 2.1.3.3.), was determined. Transcription of the gene begins within a methionine-initiated open translation reading frame, indicating that a second methionine codon of the open reading frame is used for translation initiation. The predicted length of the OCTase precursor peptide is 359 amino acids, and it contains a highly basic amino terminus that is probably involved in mitochondrial targeting. There is extensive homology between Aspergillus OCTase and mammalian and bacterial OCTases and weaker homology between the Aspergillus polypeptide and bacterial arginine carbamoyl transferase.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse demographic data from a seven-year study of the annual crucifer Erophila verna which showed two-year cycles of abundance in the field.
Abstract: We analyse demographic data from a seven-year study of the annual crucifer Erophila verna which showed two-year cycles of abundance in the field. The unusual behaviour of this population is shown to be the consequence of overcompensating density-dependence. Very local differences in germination succes between plots can account for observed differences in their population dynamics over the long term.
TL;DR: Volvox sp. performed diel vertical migrations in Lake Cahora Bassa, the amplitude of which greatly exceeded those reported for other species of freshwater algae as mentioned in this paper, and the velocities even exceeded the maxima attained by marine dinoflagellates.
Abstract: Volvox sp. performed diel vertical migrations in Lake Cahora Bassa, the amplitude of which greatly exceeded those reported for other species of freshwater algae. Migration velocities even exceeded the maxima attained by marine dinoflagellates. The daytime depth distribution is attributed to the light regime and the nighttime depth distribution to phosphorus uptake in deeper water layers.
TL;DR: The lowest concentration of a commonly used pesticide (lindane) is determined to produce in 48 h a detectable decrease in filtering rate of a large cladoceran (Daphnia pulex Leydig) and at which stage of its growth the cladOCeran is affected most.
Abstract: A concentration of lindane (y-hexachlorocyclohexane) of 0.05 mg liter-‘, much lower than the 48-h lethal concentration (LC,,) of 3.8 mg liter-‘, resulted in a 25% depression in the frequency of movements of filtering limbs and mandibles of Daphnia pulex in a food-free medium. Different instars (from 2nd to 8th) were affected to the same extent. Animals 6-l 2 h after molting were more sensitive than those 30-36 h after molting. Due to the greater number of molts before reproduction in larger Daphnia species, the effect of low pesticide concentrations may be size-selective and, therefore, responsible in part for the disappearance of large cladocerans from eutrophic lakes enriched from agriculture. It is believed that pesticides may amplify the expression of eutrophication in lakes by reducing the abundance of filter-feeding zooplankton that otherwise might keep algal populations under control (Hurlbert et al. 1972; Hurlbert 1975; Shapiro 1980). Lakes enriched with nutrients from agricultural land in their drainage basins are also frequently enriched with pesticides that are used along with fertilizers. The zooplankton populations of eutrophic lakes enriched from agriculture are therefore more frequently exposed to pesticides than those of oligotrophic lakes. Zooplankters in eutrophic lakes are also exposed to more intense predation by planktivorous fishes (Shapiro et al. 1975) and to severe food limitation that results from high densities of inedible, indigestible, interfering, and toxic algae (Gliwicz 1975; Porter 1977). Assimilation rates and reproduction are affected more in large cladocerans because filtering rates are more depressed by interfering (Gliwicz 1977) and toxic (Lampert 1982) algae in larger species than in smaller ones. Any factor causing a further decrease in filtering rate may result in decreasing reproduction and, therefore, in the extinction of the large cladocerans which are more efficient in keeping algal blooms under control (Shapiro 198 1). Pesticides are rarely present in lake water in quantities lethal to planktonic herbivores. Yet, much lower sublethal concentrations may reduce feeding rate and reproduction in animals (e.g. see Koeman and Strik 1975). A concentration of dichlobenil or atrazin a tenth of the 48-h LC50 depressed the feeding rate of Daphnia by half (Kersting and Honing 198 1; Pott 1980). Even though all individuals may survive the effect of a diluted pesticide, an animal population may become extinct soon afterward if its reproduction is halted or, mortality being high for other reasons, only slightly reduced. We determine here the lowest concentration of a commonly used pesticide (lindane) to produce in 48 h a detectable decrease in filtering rate of a large cladoceran (Daphnia pulex Leydig) and at which stage of its growth the cladoceran is affected most. We estimated the filtering rate of Daphnia as the frequency of the movements of the filtering limbs (thoracic appendages) in animals exposed to the slow flow of a foodfree medium containing various concentrations of the pesticide (O-5 mg liter-‘). The mesh size of its filtering apparatus does not allow D. pulex to retain small particles which pass 0.45~pm Millipore filters (Gophen and Geller 1984; Brandelberger 1985). We selected this approach deliberately to avoid aggregation of the pesticide on food particles and subsequent poisoning of animals with uncontrolled doses of the pesticide assimilated with ingested food. From pilot experiments we found that such poisoning depends first, on the adsorption rate of a pesticide on food particles (i.e. on the kind
TL;DR: The new method is simple, accurate, and can be used in both freshwater and marine studies, and is particularly recommended for determination in hypereutrophic waters, when Pi concentrations exceed 25 µg P liter−1.
Abstract: A method for determining enzymatically hydrolyzable phosphate (EHP) in natural waters is described, based on the determination of released inorganic phosphate after the hydrolysis of organophosphoric esters by free, dissolved phosphohydrolases (mainly phosphatase) produced by the biota. The method gives higher values in highly eutrophic waters than the classical procedure of Strickland and Parsons; in samples from less eutrophic habitats the two methods give similar results. The new method is simple, accurate, and can be used in both freshwater and marine studies. It is particularly recommended for determination in hypereutrophic waters, when Pi concentrations exceed 25 µg P liter−1. Representative field data from the euphotic zone of seven lakes and two marine habitats are presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the multiplicity distributions of all charged and of negative particles for non-single-diffractive events in π+p and pp collisions at 250 GeV/c (s=22 GeV) are presented for various rapidity intervals.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that Gaussian processes of a certain class of infinite particle systems satisfy generalized Langevin equations, including infinite particle branching Brownian motions with immigration under various scalings.
Abstract: L′ Gaussian processes of a certain class are shown to satisfy generalized Langevin equations. Examples are fluctuation limits of several infinite particle systems, in particular infinite particle branching Brownian motions with immigration under various scalings and the voter model with hydrodynamic scaling.
TL;DR: It is proved that the set of tautologies of this logic is not arithmetical (i.e., it is neither Σ0n nor Π0n for any natural number n), and there is no finitistic and complete axiomatization of the considered logic.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the seasonal changes in the concentration of suspended clay in a lake or a reservoir are usually attributed to the periodicity in hydrological events such as flooding, stratification and mixing.
Abstract: Clay suspended in lake water may be an important factor in limiting primary production by decreasing availability of light1‐3 and of nutrients4,5. Seasonal changes in the concentration of suspended clay in a lake or a reservoir are usually attributed to the periodicity in hydrological events such as flooding, stratification and mixing6–9. From data presented here it is evident that filter–feeding Zooplankton are also important in determining the seasonal ity of clay abundance. I show that monthly, predator–induced periodicities in the density of Zooplankton are synchronized with the periodicities in the rate of decrease in the clay–induced turbidity of the surface waters of a tropical reservoir.
TL;DR: In this article, carbon submicroelectrodes of radius 4 μm were used in highly resistive water and chlorobenzene (BCl) solutions, and the wave heights were practically independent of the concentration of supporting electrolyte and linearly dependent on substrate concentration.
TL;DR: In this paper, the N-terminal dipeptide "message" sequence has been replaced by oxymorphone or naltrexone and the binding data for mu, kappa, and delta receptors indicate that peptide portions of the analogues can modulate the receptor selectivity of attached alkaloid pharmacophores.
Abstract: In an effort to investigate whether "address" segments of endogenous opioid peptides, which are responsible for modulating receptor selectivity, also could modulate the selectivity of opioid alkaloid pharmacophores, we have synthesized analogues of leucine-enkephalin and dynorphin in which the N-terminal dipeptide "message" sequence has been replaced by oxymorphone or naltrexone A hydrazone group was employed as a linkage between the alkaloids and peptides The binding data for mu, kappa, and delta receptors indicate that peptide portions of the analogues can modulate the receptor selectivity of the attached alkaloid pharmacophores The selectivity for different opioid receptor types depends on a balance between the affinities of the message and address components In cases where these components have comparable receptor affinities, the address can significantly shift selectivity by increasing affinity to one receptor type while reducing affinity to other types When the message component has high affinity for a particular receptor type, the modulatory role of the address is expressed mainly by reducing the affinity of the ligand for other opioid receptor types
TL;DR: The monocrystalline antimony electrodes have the best reproducibility and long-term stability but also respond to complexing ligands and to variations in the oxygen pressure and the redox-response of the electrodes and the effect of different oxygen pressures on the electrode potentials were studied.
TL;DR: In this paper, the anisotropy of the exchange interaction for valence band electrons and the magnetic field dependent wave function mixing coefficients were obtained for Cd 0.95 Mn 0.05 Se.
University of Turin1, Uppsala University2, University of Warsaw3, CERN4, Lancaster University5, RWTH Aachen University6, University of Paris7, University of Kiel8, University of Liverpool9, University of Sheffield10, Max Planck Society11, University of Oxford12, University of Freiburg13, University of Hamburg14
TL;DR: In this article, the Bose-Einstein correlation has been observed for pions in deep inelastic μp interactions at 280 GeV and the importance of non-interference correlations in the sample of like charge pion pairs and in a sample used for reference is discussed.
Abstract: The Bose-Einstein correlation has been observed for pions in deep inelastic μp interactions at 280 GeV. The importance of non-interference correlations in the sample of like charge pion pairs and in the sample used for reference is discussed. The pion emission region is found to be roughly spherical in the pair rest frame with a radius of 0.46–0.84 fm and the chaos factor λ is 0.60–1.08.
01 Apr 1986
TL;DR: A deterministic parallel algorithm to compute algebraic expressions in log n time using n/log(n) processors on a parallel random access machine without write conflicts (P-RAM) with no free preprocessing is described.
Abstract: We describe a deterministic parallel algorithm to compute algebraic expressions in log n time using n/log(n) processors on a parallel random access machine without write conflicts (P-RAM) with no free preprocessing. The input to our algorithm is a string, given by an array, of the expression. Such a form for the input enables a consecutive numbering of the operands in the expression in log(n) time with n/log(n) processors. This corresponds to a consecutive numbering of leaves in the tree of the expression which further enables a suitable partitioning of the leaves into small segments. We improve the result of Miller and Reif (1985), who described an optimal parallel randomized algorithm. Our algorithm can be used to construct optimal parallel algorithms for the recognition of two nontrivial subclasses of context-free languages: bracket and input-driven languages. These languages are the most complicated context-free languages known to be recognizable in deterministic logarithmic space. This strengthens the result of Matheyses and Fiduccia (1982) who constructed an almost optimal parallel algorithm for Dyck languages, since Dyck languages are a proper subclass of input-driven languages.